China is an ancient country with strong cultural color, with a continuous five-thousand-year historical civilization, which has not only four world-renowned inventions, but also a variety of national cultures and character images.
However, throughout the entire historical era, in the long river of China's historical development, ancient China has always been steadily moving forward in the social order dominated by male power, so most of the characters left behind are great male figures, and rarely appear such famous female figures in the annals of history.
Li Qingzhao and Yu Xuanji are both female characters with a key role in the history of ancient Chinese literature, their female consciousness awakened very early, in the era of Feudal Society in China, where feudal etiquette dominated, they received widespread attention as literati in the literary world and as women in society.
But nowadays, when it seems that when mentioning the role of female poets or women in ancient China, everyone can only think of Li Qingzhao, but few people know who Yu Xuanji is.
Li Qingzhao and Yu Xuanji, no matter who has a better reputation today, as female representatives of ancient China, feel that they can make their voices heard and leave their own literary works to the world under the feudal order of the male-dominated monarchical patriarchal society dominated by men.
On the one hand, their works are indeed excellent, and even in the patriarchal feudal society, they can become excellent works and figures passed down by word of mouth.
On the other hand, at that time, there was no special emphasis on the gender of women and men in society, and the social status of women was not as low as in the Ming and Qing dynasties, so both social politics and people's ideological concepts could accept their voice in society as female representatives.
Nevertheless, there must be a certain reason behind the emergence of the phenomenon of "the world knows Li Qingzhao, and no one remembers my fish mystery".
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >, Li Qingzhao, and Yu Xuanji</h1>
Speaking of Li Qingzhao and Yu Xuanji, the two of them actually have a lot in common, and their experiences in many female consciousness and ideology, as well as literary works, popularity and other experiences are very similar, but when it comes to differences, there are many differences between the two of them.
1. Miss Shuxiang Mendi: Li Qingzhao
Li Qingzhao was a famous female lyricist of the Chinese Song Dynasty, known as "Yi'an Jushi", and in ancient China women could have their own titles.
Li Qingzhao was born in Shuxiangmendi, and her early life was very rich, her father Li Gefei was very rich in books and proficient in scripture history, and her mother Wang Shi also knew how to write, so she grew up in a good living environment by literary works.
In addition, Li Qingzhao herself is also a rare talented woman in ancient China, good at books, paintings, familiar with gold stones, especially for poetry is very talented, her later style of lyric writing is also unique, passed down through the ages, known as "the first female talent in the ages".
Scholars and later generations at that time made high evaluations of Li Qingzhao, zhu yu, Wang Zhuo, and Hu Zai in the Song Dynasty, Yang Weizhen in the Yuan Dynasty, Mao Jin, Wang Shizhen in the Ming Dynasty, Liu Tiren, Shen Qian, You Dong, and Mao Xianshu in the Qing Dynasty, and the modern Hu Shi, Lü Simian, Lin Geng, and Zhu Dongrun all gave Li Qingzhao high praise.
Li Qingzhao is a "special case" in the history of Chinese literature, because of her female identity, but also because she is the first person to express her self-consciousness from the perspective of a female consciousness and achieve unprecedented success in society, and she is also the first person among female writers who can be no less than or even better than them in the male group.
Li Qingzhao herself wrote a historical legend, and the influence of her literary works on future generations of female writers is also very far-reaching and cannot be ignored.
2. Fish mysteries with a difficult life and a bumpy fate
Yu Xuanji and Li Qingzhao's origins are very different, Yu Xuanji was born in a Luotuo family, her father spent his life reading poetry but never met, failed to obtain a meritorious name, so he had to pour his enthusiasm and life's efforts into his only daughter Yu Xuanji, so Yu Xuanji accepted his father's teachings in literature from an early age.
Yu Xuanji was already able to recite hundreds of famous poems at the age of five, began to learn to write poetry at the age of seven, and by the time Yu Xuanji was eleven or twelve, her works had begun to spread in the Chang'an literati circles, becoming a "genius poet child" who was praised by everyone.
Yu Xuanji was a fair-skinned and beautiful talented woman, but her fate was obviously not so good, and at the time of her father's death, she had not yet married, leaving her and her mother to settle in the dense area of Changji and barely survive.
For this beautiful and amorous talented woman, in fact, there are many amorous noble princes who express their love for her, but in the end she was not able to find a good person, but she lost her life.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > two, the two created a completely different "female image"</h1>
Li Qingzhao and Yu Xuanji's life journey from birth to death are completely different, and even said to be the two extreme manifestations of women's survival in society at that time, but they all also have an early awakening of female consciousness, and people have a higher evaluation of Li Qingzhao, largely because the images created by the two are not the same, and there are many differences in the status and image of these in society in various periods.
1. Li Qingzhao: An unblemished female word sect who is alone
In the female image in the history of ancient Chinese literature, an image like Li Qingzhao is very rare, because her life is a stable experience of normal life process, from birth to marriage is the image of a "good family woman", which is very rare in Chinese history.
Therefore, the female image created by Li Qingzhao was particularly easily recognized by the world in ancient times, under the chinese feudal social order, the image of women has always been bound and bound, they are limited to one after another, can not divorce, can not not marry, can not cheat, to respect the husband, must be a clean and innocent image of a good family woman.
Li Qingzhao's works have already highlighted a strong sense of femininity, why can it still be widely supported by feudal society? The main reason why people are able to accept her ideas is that the ups and downs of her life are almost always reflected in the story of him and her husband in her poetry, and this kind of marital love drama is praised and welcomed by people no matter what era.
2. Yu Xuanji: A promiscuous female Taoist priest
On the other hand, Yu Xuanji, she is a completely different image from Li Qingzhao, it can be said that they are all talented women who are famous for writing poetry in the early stages, but in the later life has been completely different, Yu Xuanji may also be able to marry and have children safely, but her life, or her life should be fully dedicated to love.
Yu Xuanji's life is full of expectations for love, but either subject to her identity and status, or because she has never been able to meet a good relationship, her marriage is to do Li Yi's partial room, and finally because of the "exclusion" of Mrs. Zhengfang, she escaped into the empty door and lived the rest of her life in the Taoist Temple.
Since then, her life has changed from a talented woman who is good at writing to a debauched and indulgent female Taoist, she first had an affair with several appendages that looked exactly like Li Yi, and then when a person named Pei Cheng pursued her, she was very disgusted because this person had the same surname as Li Yi's wife, and after rejecting this person, she also offended others.
After marrying Li Yi, Yu Xuanji was very indulgent in love, and successively fell in love with several people and had an affair with them, and finally in this love with the musician, because she suspected that the musician had an affair with her own maid, because she killed her maid because of jealousy, she was convicted, and her life at the age of 26 also ended here.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > third, the forgotten of the fish mystery: "outstanding appearance"</h1>
Under the ruling order of the ancient Chinese feudal system, women as the rule of male will rule, women's advantages and disadvantages are completely in accordance with the male perspective of the judgment standard, and even the primary criterion for evaluating a woman is whether she is married or not, in such a social background, the difference between men and women is mainly the unfairness brought by gender.
As the "attachment" of women as the leading forces in society, there is only one way to choose to find a living space in such a difficult environment, for Yu Xuanji, although she was born in the Tang Dynasty, where the political and cultural environment was relatively relaxed, she was not able to remove the social criteria for judging women.
Yu Xuanji received her father's teachings since childhood, and after her poems spread in Chang'an City, she was once a very talented woman, and she was once full of hopes and fantasies about love, but in the end she could not escape the disappointment brought to her by the world.
Whether it is after the death of her father that she can only survive with her mother in the prostitute-filled Pingkang, or she finds love and finally finds that she is worthless without the identity of the lady of the house, or the yearning for love has never found an outlet, Yu Xuanji's life is not smooth, it can also be said that her life ended in tragedy, which is largely affected by social factors.
The biggest difference between her and Li Qingzhao is that the times and environments in which they live are not the same, which has led to the awakening of women's consciousness in ancient society, but they have moved towards two very different paths of life.
In the search for the world's evaluation of Yu Xuanji, it is natural to praise, but the world will focus on the praise of her beauty, and there are very few people who can really read Yu Xuanji and her works.
In his collection of legendary novels, emperor Fu Ming of the Tang Dynasty gave a high evaluation to Yu Xuanji's outstanding talent and work in poetry: "The color is both in love with the country, thinking is into the gods, likes to read and belong to the text, and especially pays tribute to one chant and one chant."
Whether at that time or in later generations, the evaluation of Yu Xuanji revolved around the characteristics of women, and Li Qingzhao had jumped out of this gender, she was a figure who could be compared with the men of the same era from the beginning, and people realized this, and found that she was a woman, so the praise for her was even greater.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > similarities and differences in the female consciousness of the four and two people</h1>
There is no doubt that Li Qingzhao and Yu Xuanji were successful as female representatives of the two great dynasties, but whether at that time or in later generations, people's praise for Li Qingzhao was far better than Yu Xuanji, leaving aside the factors of their respective eras, the most fundamental thing is people's evaluation standards.
Even in modern society, the identity status of men and women has undergone historic changes, and people always think that small love is not as good as the great love of the family and the world, and these emotional little things between men and women are written out as much as the great love of the family and the country. Li Qingzhao and Yu Xuanji are representatives of the different "ranks" among women who are divided into different categories.
We say Li Qingzhao, although her poems do not jump out of women's grievances, her love with her husband Zhao Mingcheng almost occupies all of her poems, but because the era she lived in is too "vigorous", from the Northern Song Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty, experienced peace and stability, but also experienced the destruction of the home country, the war is continuous, so in Li Qingzhao's poems there is also love and affection for the homeland.
"Born as a master, dead as a ghost." Still thinking about Xiang Yu, he refused to cross Jiangdong. Such a big feeling is indeed something that many men do not have, and it is rare for Li Qingzhao, as a woman, to be able to feel so much in the social context of male power.
On the other hand, Yu Xuanji, her poems are not all about love, as a young talented woman who became famous as a child, she also once fantasized about being able to take the meritorious name like a man, go to the career, complete her father's last wishes, and change her life.
But society is like this, she can neither improve her status through her own talents, nor can she find a powerful person to cling to, so she enters the next stage of her life after a brief period of lamenting the injustice of fate. Some scholars believe that the turning point in Yu Xuanji's life is traceable, reciting the poem "Gift to the Neighbor" throughout the ages:
"Shame covers the sleeves, and worries about the spring and lazy makeup." Easy to ask for priceless treasure, rare to have a lover. Tears lurk on the pillow, and the intestines are cut off between the flowers. If you can spy on Song Yu, why should you hate Wang Chang?"
It was the beginning of her next life, before that, she was still a virtuous lady who was outstanding and talented, hoping to show her great ambitions in politics, but after that, she had seen through love and life, escaped into the empty door, lived in the Taoist Temple, and became a debauched woman who only wanted pleasure and indulged in material desires.
Such an image, no matter in which dynasty, seems to be not affirmed and advocated, Yu Xuanji as a woman under the ancient feudal system, her behavior and ideas have violated moral standards, which should also be the most important factor in the difference between Yu Xuanji and Li Qingzhao's evaluation.
But we say that Yu Xuanji is not just for pleasure and pleasure, she was also full of fantasies, but the blow of reality made her see through love and see through life, and these indulgent pleasures are just a way for her to fight against fate and struggle with injustice.