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Throughout history, in the great changes in China in the past century, large-scale social mobilization and extensive mass participation have always been necessary conditions for China's development and catching up with and surpassing the world's advanced.
According to the survey at the time, "there are still strong pro-American ideas in some professors, capitalists, believers and ecclesiastical schools, which need to be purged with great efforts";
Old photographs of great men
Let's take a look at the "strange theory" of these groups at that time:
▎ "The scientific and material civilization of the United States is 'the first in the world', we are inferior to others, and the Soviet Union is not successful";
▎ "America is paradise, everything is good", "The United States creates many material civilizations for the whole world to enjoy", "America is the most democratic, everyone has a vote";
▎ The economic aggression of the United States against China is because Chinese "do not compete with themselves" and have no good products to compete with others;
▎ The United States is very kind and will not invade China, and even believes that the atrocities committed by the US military in China are just "individual incidents";
▎ The United States runs schools in China as "the friendship of Americans to the Chinese" and "has trained many revolutionary cadres";
And all that......
From today's point of view, this definition of the so-called "sublime" and "pro-American" is biased, but it does reflect to a certain extent the stubbornness of the "sublime" and "pro-American" ideas among some people at that time.
What to do?
In various localities, the "three visions" education campaign first organized the masses of the people to publicize and study, and then carried out activities in densely populated areas of urban areas to expose and criticize the crimes of US imperialism in culturally poisoning Chinese youth and Chinese people.
"Regarding the anti-American patriotic movement, I think there are two aspects: on the one hand, politically and militarily, the Us aggressors; on the other hand, anti-US cultural aggression."
During this period, the Jiusan Society invited schools and educators who received American subsidies to discuss against American cultural aggression and supported the decision of the Council of State to sever relations with US imperialism.
On January 14, 1951, the heads of colleges and universities and relief agencies who came to Beijing and Beijing to receive AMERICAN subsidies held a "symposium on anti-American cultural aggression."
Present at the meeting were: Xu Deheng, Chairman of Jiusan Society, Lu Zhiwei, President of Yenching University, Li Zongen, President of Union Medical College Hospital, Li Zhaohuan, President of Zhijiang University, Yang Deqi, President of Qilu University,
Chairman Bao Zheqing of Hujiang University, President Yu Rixuan, Vice President of Huazhong University Huang Pu, President of Aurora University Hu Wenyao, President of Soochow University Yang Yongqing, Acting President of Jinling University Li Fangxun, Provost of St. John's University Pan Shizi, etc.
Yang Yongqing, president of Soochow University, said:
"With regard to the anti-American patriotic movement, I think there are two aspects: on the one hand, politically and militarily, they are fighting against the American aggressors; on the other hand, they are anti-American cultural aggression. This decision of the Council of State is a decision to oppose US aggression ideologically and culturally. ”
The vast number of young students enthusiastically signed up to join the army and participate in the war
Lai Chiu-wan, president of Zhijiang University, which founded the earliest church school, said:
"We Guangdong people have earlier contacts with foreign countries, and we are oppressed by the United States more deeply than people in any province, so Guangdong people also know the loveliness of the motherland and the preciousness of the country."
He cited the vivid example of The Guangdong people who went to foreign countries loving the motherland to show that the Guangdong people did not accept the cultural aggression of the United States.
He said: "Under the wise leadership of Chairman Mao and at a time when the anti-US cultural aggression movement is on the rise, the people of Guangdong can even more guarantee to hate, despise, and despise the United States."
Yu Rixuan, president of Hujiang University, said:
"We at Hujiang University enthusiastically support the decision of the Government Council, and after the decision was announced, Hujiang immediately responded, and in the shortest one hour, in addition to the students, there were 107 staff members who signed and supported it." When the Anti-American Parade was held in Shanghai, all the faculty and staff of Hujiang participated, and even an old professor who was sick and could not walk joined the parade in a car."
The acting president of Jinling University said:
"The decision of the Council of State has really liberated me. We Chinese people stand up, and we stand up ideologically";
The citizens of Changsha, Hunan Province, bid farewell to the volunteer army for medical surgery against the DPRK
Lu Zhiwei, president of Yenching University, said:
"In the past, whether it was the patriotic movement or the anti-Japanese national salvation movement, Yanda students stood on the front line. This decision of the Government Council was warmly supported by Master Yan's students. In the midst of the anti-US imperialist cultural aggression, I believe that the so-called "democratic individualism" should be clarified. Because what we are most afraid of is that the ideology is foreign, we will take back the school run by foreigners today, and this is only the beginning of the solution of the problem";
[10] The most beautiful word in the new terms of that era created in "Three Vision Education": "the most lovely person".
Subsequently, the movement was launched from large cities to small and medium-sized cities, and workers, students, democratic parties, industrial and commercial circles, educational circles, cultural circles, religious circles, women and children's circles, and patriotic people from all walks of life and in all walks of life joined the campaign to resist US aggression and aid Korea.
In November 1950, the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles issued the "Call on the Literary and Art Circles to Carry Out propaganda work to resist the United States and aid Korea", calling on all branches of the Federation and literary and artistic organizations in various localities to take concerted action to "expose the crimes of US imperialism" and "eliminate the influence of imperialist poison on some people" in literary and artistic forms.
Under this call, various literary and artistic disciplines, such as films, television dramas, novels, poetry, dramas, essays, and reportages, have continuously produced a large number of popular works, which have achieved a brilliant chapter in the history of literature and art of the people's army.
In 1954, the literary and artistic female soldiers of the 12th Army Cultural and Labor Corps of the Volunteer Army
For example, in 1950, Ma Fuyu and Zhou Weizhi composed the "Battle Song of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army" in the midst of the war;
In 1951, Wei Wei's "Who is the Cutest Person";
On April 11, the People's Daily published this field newsletter, and Mao Zedong read it and gave instructions: "Print and distribute the whole army"; Zhu De even praised it after reading it: "Well written!" ”。
So the whole country, behind the front line, all spoke reverently about the most beautiful word in the new terms created by that era: "the loveliest man."
The Militia and Self-Defense Forces of Liaodong Province nervously practice stretcher leashing and prepare to march to the Korean front.
In the early 1960s, the novel "Reunion", created by Barkin and based on the true story of the hero, and "Heroes and Children", which was later adapted into a movie, swept the entire era and even influenced generations.
It was followed by the well-known works such as "Shangganling", "Surprise Attack", "Railway Guard", "38 Line", "Fight against invaders" and so on.
These works either record the heroism and tragedy of heroic figures with a high heroic tone; or with strong lyricism and documentary, they record the determination and courage of the Chinese people to respond to the call of the Party Central Committee and fight a strong enemy throughout the country.
These works have not diminished their charm to this day and have become vivid teaching materials for revolutionary heroism and patriotic education.
[11] If the number of people who participated in the parade before the "May Day" festival is added, more than half of the country's population participated in the parade.
"Go to the front line, go to the trenches, go to the fiery life of a soldier", this is the loud slogan of the vast number of literary and art workers.
At that time, through popular mass art such as essays, comics, dramas, songs, etc., it also mobilized the emotional resonance of the group to improve cohesion and stimulate strong indignation of the group.
On November 30, more than 40,000 industrialists and businessmen in Tianjin held a demonstration meeting of the "War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea" at the First Stadium on Xinhua Road, and after the meeting, they telephoned Mao Zedong to report that everyone "has clearly understood the nature of the US aggression and expressed their solidarity with the people of all walks of life" and "fought to the end to fulfill the sacred task of defending the country to the end to resist US aggression and aid Korea."
This photograph of the Tianjin Municipal March to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea was taken on November 30, 1950
As the procession reached the Garden Road in the central garden of the Heping District, photographer Fang Hong recorded this grand and solemn moment.
On December 26, 150,000 people demonstrated in Shanghai's industrial and commercial circles.
Other industrialists and businessmen in Beijing, Harbin, Qingdao, Xi'an, Wuhan and other cities also held demonstrations of tens of thousands to 100,000 people in the first half of December 1950.
On March 8, 1951, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions issued the Instructions on Further Carrying Out Patriotic Education on Resisting US Aggression and Aiding Korea and Preparing for this year's "May Day" National Demonstration.
The directive calls for carrying out extensive and in-depth education on the patriotic current affairs of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, and strive to achieve the four projects of concluding a patriotic pact, preparing for this year's "May Day" demonstrations as soon as possible, and consolidating and expanding patriotic labor competitions.
The demonstrations held during the May Day festival in 1951 were the largest, with more than 186.43 million people from all walks of life participating, accounting for more than 39% of the country's total population;
If you add the number of people who participated in the parade before the "May Day" festival, more than half of the country's population participated in the parade.
The people of all walks of life in Shanghai solemnly gathered and expressed their willingness to take practical actions to assist the Korean people in their just struggle
Zhou Enlai believes that "this is even more of a priceless gain" because "this aggressive toxin did not invade in one day, but was invaded unconsciously and anesthetized for a long time."
In order to strengthen the propaganda offensive and create a strong public opinion momentum, party committees and people's governments at all levels have also organized and carried out colorful and various forms of propaganda activities:
Trained and organized professional propagandists to resist US aggression and aid Korea to expose the aggressive crimes and sinister intentions of US imperialism;
Organize a congress of complaints to profoundly expose the serious harm of the cultural aggression of US imperialism with the personal feelings of the victims;
In 1950, textile workers demonstrated against the US imperialist aggression against Taiwan
Through the study, propaganda, and ideological mobilization of the "three visions" education movement, the pro-American, admiring, and anti-American sentiments that existed among the broad masses of the people have basically been reversed.
After gradually purging the ideas of "pro-US," "sublime," "sublime," and "fear of the United States" through the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, Zhou Enlai held that "this is even more a priceless gain, because "this toxin of aggression did not invade in a day, but was unconsciously confused and anesthetized for a long time."
In 1950, the business community adopted the Patriotic Pact, expressing its enthusiasm for paying taxes
With the deepening of the movement, propaganda work has also shifted from the initial surprise propaganda and surprise launch to the stage of systematic propaganda and education; from stimulating the masses' hatred in a short period of time to stabilizing and publicizing the justice and the prospect of victory in war, deeply resolving the various concerns of the masses of the people, consciously resisting all kinds of negative remarks and malicious rumors, and supporting the new stage of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea with practical actions.
Through the "three visions" education campaign, people from all walks of life have combined their patriotic thinking with practical actions, turning patriotic enthusiasm into a huge force.
The 76-year-old man in Xiangtan County, Hunan Province, deposited the money from the sale of water into bamboo tubes to contribute to the purchase of weapons
The War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea not only refers to the stage when the Chinese Volunteer Army entered the war, but also includes the mass movement of the Chinese people to support the Korean people in resisting US aggression.
The "three visions" education movement is only part of the mass movement.
China Young Pioneer aircraft
That's history.
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Propaganda poster of the year
【Solemn Statement】
The past events reviewed in this article have their own specific historical background, please read them in depth and rationally from the perspective of history and reality, and do not misunderstand.
The author has no intention of stimulating and guiding various bad emotions, and has no intention of influencing and reconstructing the psychological cognition of readers and friends.
▎Friendly tips:
To study history, it is recommended to read history books.
The history books may not be true, and they still need to be judged by themselves.