The Three Talents of Qi Nan (畿南三才子) were three famous Poets of the Heshuo Poetry School shen hanguang, Zhang Gai, and Yin Yue who were directly subordinate to the southern part of the late Qing dynasty (present-day Hebei Province). They are not only famous in the poetry world with their own majestic and magnificent poems, leaving an indelible footprint in the history of Chinese literature; but also with their outstanding personality, proud character, and hot life primary color, they have written the legend of Yan Zhao that illuminates the ages, which is still moving and unforgettable.
I. Shen Hanguang: A literary master who has been obscured for a long time
In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, there was a resounding name that was recited for a long time inside and outside the land of Yanzhao. He is a cloth and a righteous man, a filial piety and a righteous man, and a talent and a poet. Although he was not an official, he was famous in the capital; although he was in the south of Qi, he dominated the world with extraordinary poetry.
This person's name was Shen Hanguang (1620~677), the characters Fu Meng, He Meng, the number of The League, The Ming, Congshan, etc., was a native of Shenzhuang, Yongnian County, Guangping Province, which was directly subordinate to the Qing Dynasty. The Yongnian Shen clan is a local surname, together with the Hu and Lian clans, called the three major wang clans. According to legend, at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the ancestor of the Shen clan, Yue Jing, was a heavy courtier of the imperial court, and in order to avoid disasters, he added a vertical to the middle of the word "曰", and he had the new surname of the family - Shen. This Shen family, which settled in Yongnian, always attached great importance to the inheritance of poetry and books, and in the Ming and Qing dynasties alone, there were eight jinshi and twenty people. Shen Hanguang's father, whose original name was Jiayin (1603-1644), was renamed Jiayun because of the name of the Yongzheng Emperor Yinchen, who was a jinshi in the fourth year of Chongzhen (1631), and successively served as the chief of Zhixian County, the chief of the Wenxuan Department of the Bureaucracy, the official examination and gong division, the Doctor of the Nanjing Guozijian, the commentator of dali temple, and the taibu temple. In March of the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), Shen Jiayin, who was ordered to go on a tour, heard that the Capital Division was besieged by Li Zicheng's rebels, and rushed into the capital to find someone to plan a strategy for defending the city. Seeing that the situation was impossible, he first wrote a letter to say goodbye to his wife and children, and then threw himself into the giant well as the enemy soldiers entered the city. At that time, the well water was too shallow and only had no abdomen, but he sat on the bottom and sucked water and drowned himself, when he was only forty-two years old.
In order not to lose his father's deeds, after burying his father's coffin into the ancestral coffin, Shen Hanguang left Jiangnan and traveled to Suzhou, Songjiang and other places to ask the giants of the restoration society, Chen Zilong, Xia Yunyi, and Xu Shilin, to write a biography for his father. Seeing his generous and handsome demeanor, everyone could not help but be praised, and the famous young patriotic poet Xia Wanchun wrote a poem "Sending Guangwu Shen DaJieMeng" as a gift, which said: "The Junjia Zhangshui waterside, righteousness runs through the river Shuo." Heroic and singing. Easy water is cold in the day, and a thousand autumn things are xiaosuo. Generous Tohigu, Panyu Hidden Quinoa. ”
In the tenth year of Shunzhi (1653), the imperial court visited the deceased courtiers of the former dynasty to pay tribute, but Shen Hanguang's father Jiayin was not included in the list. Upon hearing this news, Shen Hanguang burned inside and despite the heavy rain and muddy roads, he still firmly headed for Beijing. The water of the Tuotuo River rose, and he waited for four days to pass. When he came to Xinle, the river surface was several times wider, and he could not cross it for a month, only to change the course of Wuji, where he almost died of death, and the pain was abnormal. Many years later, in the annals written by his brothers Han Yu and Han Yu, it is recorded that:
Diverting the road is wuji, walking in the water for more than a hundred miles, encountering the depths, recruiting people to help, the feet are in the air, and the breath and pharynx are trembling. To Fang Shunqiao's occasional illness, the cover was lying in the day, the house was broken, and the pillow shattered and injured the ankle. The next morning, the foot is stuck in the mud, the glue cannot be put on, and the foot is injured. Rain until the clothes are wet, and the chill is colorless. Stepping on the mud in the field, the rich tenant held the white tiger and was beaten tarts.
It took another six days to reach the Capital Division, and everyone was very surprised when they saw it, thinking that he had come "flying across". In the capital, he was dressed in sackcloth, his head was covered with ribbons, and he cried like a beggar outside the Donghua Gate where the hundred officials of the Wenwu Dynasty were passing up and down, "describing the suicide of his ancestor Wang Gongchang by throwing himself into a well", and the officials and the people who came and went were all in tears. His earth-shattering righteous deeds soon spread throughout the streets and alleys of the capital, and countless literati and doctors were heartbroken, "Those who are highly talented and erudite, who are well-known and art masters, do not seek to know each other, are willing to be neighbors, and the lanes are full of cars." ”
The change of lords in the Ming and Qing dynasties, especially his father's self-drowning martyrdom, dealt a great blow to Shen Hanguang's heart and made him disheartened by his fame. In the seventeenth year of Shunzhi (1660), the emperor issued an edict ordering all localities to recommend filial piety, and the County officials of Yongnian County should promote Shen Hanguang. Shen Hanguang resolutely resigned, and without permission, he wrote an article entitled "The Book of Resignation and Removal" to expound in depth, thinking: "The so-called filial piety of the husband, such as Gu Zhi zeng and Min, will have strange festivals to be respected, ordinary subordinate positions, Hu Keyun filial piety? Thus he said his filial piety to ordinary people, so that the magistrate who wanted to promote him had to give up. In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi (1661), Shen Hanguang was paid into Taixue, and the subsequent selection examination listed him as the first place, and the chief examiner Xiong Bolong very much hoped that he could serve the Qing court and become a pillar of the country; in the end, he still asked the Rebbe to be exempted from the court examination on the grounds of frailty and illness. Upon hearing the news of the approval of the Ministry of Etiquette, he was relieved and said excitedly: "I am now unloading the Confucian Crown!" "Extremely resolutely cut the last lead connected to the name of the merit. In the seventh year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1688), the imperial court also had a visit to the edict of seclusion, and Shen Hanguang's close friends, Xiangguo of the Dynasty, and Baixiang Wei Yijie, were very fond of Shen Hanguang, but they were also politely rejected.
From the outside to the inside, Shen Hanguang and Wei Yijie are too different. One of them is a rural cloth, one is a new dynasty prime minister; one is elegant, calm and introverted; one has a beard and a majestic face; one is floating in the world, leaning on the moon and the wind; one is magnificent and eager to make achievements. However, the two of them are close friends who are good enough to the bone, and they have a fit of too high spiritual dimension. They all uphold the right path in the world, and all have the feeling of establishing a heart for heaven and earth and asking for the lives of the people, but they are walking two different paths in life. Wei Yijie, who was still in his glory, once wrote a long seven-word ancient poem about their friendship, and the title of the poem is very long, which says: "Shen Zi Jie Meng, YongNian Ren." Learn Taoist poetry, Yu's friend also. If you encounter it in a few years, or once in a year, you will fall. The poem begins with a chant: "If you don't see your heart for a few years, you won't see your heart turn confused for a year." Spring and summer the eldest son comes to think, and the night drinks fragrant mash drunk and does not know", so mutually inclined, if drunk, it is really to the extreme of friendship. Shen Hanguang has more than one close friend, he has a large circle of friends, such as Gu Yanwu, Fu Shan, Fang Wen, Lu Zenong in different places, and Sun Qifeng, Wei Xiangshu, Fu Weilin, and Wang Chongjian in Gyeonggi; especially with Zhang Gai and Yin Yue, they are even more in tune with each other, and they are called "The Three Talents of Ki Nan" and "Guangping Three Juns". In his later years, Zhang Gai declared himself a tufu, and did not even see his wife and children, but he could extend Shen Hanguang's entry with Yin Yue and talk very happily; Yin Yue had been doing Suining Zhi County well, but because of Shen Hanguang's few words of persuasion, he resigned his official post and returned on a donkey. In order to facilitate Shen Hanguang's gathering in Jize, Yin Yue built a pavilion in his own courtyard and named it "Yu Hanguang" (Shen Hanguang No. 凫盟); in return, Shen Hanguang also built a house in his own home for Yin Yue to live in when he came, named "Chi Shan Tang" (Yin Yue No. Zongshan). This pavilion and a room not only contain each other's names, but also contain more of their unforgettable affection for each other.
Shen Hanguang's major works in his lifetime include eight volumes of Selected Poems of Congshan, three volumes of Congshan Collection, and one volume each of the Qing dialect collection Jingyuan Jinyu and Jingyuan Whispers, all of which were included in the Qifu Series. The "Qing History Manuscript Wenyuan I" also records it: "Also xie qinli, calligraphy Yan Lugong, You Gong Han Li, intercross landscape and wood stone, falling elegantly." As the first of the "Three Talents of Ki Nan", Shen Hanguang's poetry is particularly well-known. Xu Shichang, a scholar and president of the Republic of China, called Shen Hanguang "filial piety and high deeds, his name is heavier than that of the times, you Gongshi, and Heshuo pushed as the first." Deng Hanyi, a scholar of Shen Hanguang's contemporaries, said that "The poems of today's poems are not sheng in Heshuo, while the League is long in cloth."
There is also the famous scholar Xiong Bolong (1616~ 1669), Shunzhi five years by the tribute to the Shuntianxiang test, ranked first, that is, Xie Yuan. In the following year, he took the second place in the middle temple examination, that is, the list of eyes, and later successively served as the editor of the National History Academy, the attendant, the Guozi Supervisor of the Sake, the Cabinet Scholar and the Attendant of the Ceremonial Department. Weng Fanggang, a famous scholar of the late Qing Dynasty, once wrote in the Yellow Crane Tower: "Ancient inscription poems to Cui Li, the art of this dynasty is in Xiong Liu." The "bear" in the inner is xiong bolong. However, the poet that Xiong Bolong most admired and admired was Shen Hanguang, who said a very heavy sentence: "The poet of this world, Wu Gan is the subordinate, Guangping Shen Xianmeng is only one." Although it is a short sentence, it can be seen that Shen Hanguang's status and influence in the poetry circle at that time. It is no wonder that Li Shiqi and Deng Ziping together call him "a literary master who has been obscured for a long time."