Shen Hanguang's Handan Line
The years are long, the eternal flow; the big waves are sandy, and the sand goes to the golden stay. History is merciless, and many emperors will be forgotten by future generations; history has traces, and the great Confucian Shen Hanguang who has been clothed all his life has been continuously explored and remembered by future generations of scholars. On December 25th, according to the lunar calendar, it should be the 400th anniversary of the birth of Shen Hanguang, a beginner in the Qing Dynasty and the leader of the Heshuo poetry school, let us travel through historical time and space, trace back to the era of "heaven and earth" in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and once again touch and gaze at the ordinary and outstanding life of this great sage.
The poets of the "Heshuo Poetry School" with Shen Hanguang as the core created a large number of poetry collections, which had a nationwide impact and can be called the peak of Hebei literature and Qing Dynasty poetics.
On November 30, 1619, the 47th year of the Ming Dynasty, Shen Hanguang was born in Shenzhuang Village, Yongnian County, Guangping Province, Beizhi Province. Entered elementary school at the age of nine. At the age of twelve, "thorough in literature and science, people are amazed by the difference", showing outstanding talent. As an adult, he "did not like sound", was not interested in the eight strands of literature, was indifferent to the imperial examination, and loved reading and poetry creation. In the fifteenth year of Chongzhen (1642), he initiated the establishment of the poetry society "Guan She", which brought together the young talents of the three provinces of Daiming, Guangping and Shunde in the "Three Counties of The South", and became the forerunner of the "Heshuo Poetry School", and many poets and famous officials were produced among the colleagues.
In February of the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), Li Zicheng's peasant army broke through Juyongguan and approached Beijing. Seeing that the general trend of the Ming Dynasty had gone, on March 19, Shen Hanguang's father, Shen Jiayin, who was then the Taibu Temple, threw himself into the well and martyred the country. When the bad news came, Shen Hanguang fainted in grief and recovered. Subsequently, the Qing army entered the pass, captured Beijing, and established the Qing Dynasty, Li Zicheng was defeated, and the flames were everywhere. In July, after burying his father in his hometown, Shen Hanguang went south to join his sister Lu Zhenfei, the former governor of Ming Caoyun, and asked the leaders of the Fu Society, Chen Zilong and Xia Yunyi, to write a biography of his father, and Chen Zilong soon wrote the "Shen Jie Gong Biography". He returned to the Eternal Year in April of the following year.
After the unification of the Qing Dynasty, the imperial examination system was quickly restored. However, at the time of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, social turmoil, witnessing the reality of dynastic changes and the impermanence of the bureaucracy, Shen Hanguang was determined to be a hermit.
Shen Hanguang felt the destruction of the country and the death of his family, and his heart was disheartened, "the footprints do not enter the city, the long songs cry, and the hearers are moved." Another poet friend, the Eternal Year Celebrity Zhang Gai, "built a self-sealing earthen chamber and burrowed into the diet." Worship your mother at any time, although your wife will not see her again. Mother pawn, out of the room to serve. Has been reinstated in the room, if so eight years... Only Shen Hanguang and Yin Yuezhi extended into the earthen chamber for the whole day." Yin Yue is a native of Jize and the three of them are close friends. Yin Yue was a former Ming Dynasty official, and according to the policy of the Qing Dynasty, shunzhi was appointed as the zhi county of Suining County, Jiangsu in the third year of Shunzhi (1646). According to historical records, after his arrival, "he ruled all the affairs of the people, suppressed the strong and the courteous, rested with the people, and the people were at peace." However, Yin Yue was born with a straight nature, and was incompatible with the unspoken rules of the officialdom of bribery and bribery, and was often troubled, so he repaired the book to Shen Hanguang, who had a mellow personality and cultivated human feelings, hoping that he could come to Suining to talk freely. After two years of thinking, in view of Yin Yue's "straight and many temperaments", Shen Hanguang resolutely decided to persuade Yin Yue to resign from the government, reply to the letter of "persuasion to return", and return to his hometown to enjoy poetry and wine. Zong Shan (Yin Yue's number) read the book, and he was indignant: "Yi Wu Shen Zi Zi So he surrendered himself, still riding a donkey back to the country, and did not hold a single penny. A: I'm afraid I can't see the old man. ”
One persuaded a friend to resign from the official, and the other resigned as a friend, which has become a legendary story that has been passed down to this day. When Yin Yue returned, Shen Hanguang was overjoyed, and gave Shi Jizhi: "Maotang Gaojie Shuinan Village, the ape crane is still close to Guomen." Jun Zi hung up the crown and decided, Qiu Lai joined hands into the cloud root. In order to commemorate the friendship between the two, Yin Yue built a pavilion called "Yu Meng" (Shen Hanguang 凫盟). Correspondingly, Shen Hanguang built a house for Yin Yue and named it "Chi Shan Tang". After their story spread, people called the three people "Guangping Sanjun", also known as "The Three Talents of Kinan", and everyone in the world was fortunate to know the Three Juns.
Since then, with the "Three Emperors of Guangping" as the core, including Zhao Zhan of Handan, Liu Fengyuan of Quzhou, Lu Zenong, Liu You and their relatives and friends, the creation is prosperous and the friendship is deep, becoming the most famous poetry school in the early Qing Dynasty, because the area was called "Heshuo" in ancient times, and Wang Shichen, the leader of the poetry circle in the early Qing Dynasty, named it "Heshuo Poetry School". "Shen Kaimeng called Shi Guangping, Kaihe Shuo Poetry School. His friends Ji Ze Yin Yue Boyan, Yongnian Zhang GaiFuyu, Qu zhou Liu Fengyuan Jin, Handan Zhao Zhan Qiushui, all Yimin ye. The school of poetry can list more than 50 poets by name, from the Shunzhi Dynasty to the Qianlong Dynasty, with more than 200 poems.
The poets of the "Heshuo Poetry School" with Shen Hanguang as the core created a large number of poetry collections, which had a nationwide impact, which can be called the peak of Hebei literature and Qing Dynasty poetics, and injected a strong and thick wind of northern literature into the poetry circle of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. In addition to composing poetry, they also wrote articles, studied theory, and compiled local chronicles, making unique contributions to the cultural and social construction of the early Qing Dynasty.
In addition to his status as a poet, Shen Hanguang was also an accomplished scholar who was deeply influenced by sun Qifeng, a great Confucian in the early Qing Dynasty, and his theoretical works can be said to be a precious historical and cultural heritage.
As a scholar, Shen Hanguang was a famous theologian in the early Qing Dynasty, who had a unique study of science, and wrote three works: "Jingyuan Whispers", "Jingyuan Jinyu", and "Sexual Habit Illustrations".
Shen Hanguang's theoretical research was influenced by sun qifeng, a great Confucian in the early Qing Dynasty. Sun Qifeng, together with Huang Zongxi and Li Yong, was called the "Three Great Confucians of the Early Qing Dynasty", and the "Case of Qing Confucianism" said that he was "bold and powerful, and the northern scholars pushed him to be Taishan Beidou". In the autumn of the fourteenth year of Shunzhi (1657), Shen Hanguang and Yin Yue went to Baiquan, Hui County, Henan, and visited Sun Qifeng in Xiafeng Village with Yang Sisheng, then the right envoy of Henan. Sun Qifeng specially reiterated Han Guang, "Hate too late, with the sages to encourage each other", suggesting that he shift his energy from poetry creation to theoretical research. "Since it is, we must hear the will of heaven and man's life." Shen Hanguang also cited it as a blessing and paid tribute to Sun Zhi's disciples. Sun Qifeng gladly wrote an inscription for "Jingyuan Whispers" and gave a high evaluation: "Wei Meng has worked hard and thoughtfully, has deep experience and patience. The first part of "Jingyuan", although it is a small language, it is also a language. After "Jingyuan Whispers", he wrote "Jingyuan Jinyu" and died before he could engrave it. After the family sorted out the afterlife. Because of their unique insights and timeless words, the two books have been continuously engraved and printed, and have been handed down to this day, and are called "books about the customs of the human heart", which shows the breadth and depth of their influence.
Shen Hanguang was the first scholar of the Qing Dynasty to study Du Fu and Du Shi, and wrote the book "Saying Du", which is one of the earliest works on Du Shi in the Qing Dynasty. Although the book has not been preserved in its entirety, the main content has been compiled by scholars, and the full picture can be deduced. The book was published in Suzhou in the sixth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1667) by Lu Zenong, Shen Hanguang's sister-in-law. The book examines Du Shi in an equal manner, with both sincere admiration and blunt criticism.
We can know the influence and status of the book "Saying Du" from the prefaces of the literary circles in the early Qing Dynasty. Wang Chongjian wrote in the "Preface to Saying Du": "Since Yongnian sent "Saying Du", the autumn was mid-day and evening. The cloak is urgently needed, and it cannot be stopped, followed by a candle, and it is not known that the disease is gone. Those who steal the self-knowledge of Zimei's life and what they do not know and who cannot know it, citing it as a throw, not only deleting the notes and influences of their predecessors, but also not relying on harshness, so that a Du Ji Shuang is vibrating, and the reader's mind is easy. He also wrote in his reply to Shen: "Bi lai read carefully, not the first Du shi hero, but actually for the ancient and modern readers of Du shi to point out the path." ”
According to scholars' research, while vigorously admiring Du Shi's art, Shen Hanguang bluntly criticized the shortcomings of Du Shi in five aspects: cheesy, redundant, losing its true color, slang, and clumsiness. Such sharp and bold criticism does not seem to have appeared again in later Du Shi studies. This shows the unique academic value of the book. As an accomplished scholar, Shen Hanguang's works are undoubtedly a precious historical and cultural heritage left to future generations.
Because Shen Hanguang's poetry is extremely famous, his achievements in both scholars and thinkers are covered up by him, and the people of the world are accustomed to it and do not notice it. This phenomenon had already manifested itself when Shen Hanguang was alive. His close friend, former scholar and official Shangshu Wei Yijie, pointed out in the "Biography of Shen Hanguang": "The disciples of the world chant their passages, which are called the crown of poets, are not enough to know. The "Biography of Celebrities in the Qing Dynasty", written by Hu Shi and edited by the American scholar Heng Muyi, is called "poet, philosopher, and artist" in Shen Hanguang's biography, and Heng Muyi is Shen Hanguang's exotic confidant!
As an accomplished theorist, Shen Hanguang was already listed in the history books at the time of his death. Written in the twelfth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1673), Wei Yiao's history of Northern Confucianism, the Beixue Compilation, included Shen Hanguang's name. Later, shen Hanguang was included in the "Case of Qing Confucianism and The Case of Xia Fengxue", and also excerpted his "Jingyuan Whispers", "Jingyuan Jinyu" and lianyu. Modern scholar Deng Zhicheng pointed out: "The Whispers of Jingyuan teaches children that they all have experienced and gained words. The "Jinyu" is discerning and cultivating, and the language is simple and appropriate. There is no dispute over the portal, no differences and differences. It is time for the rationalists to be numerous, and the simple ones who are as simple as the light are widowed. ”
Ideologically, Shen Hanguang favored Cheng Zhu Lixue and had reservations about Lu Wangxinxue. He stressed, "The Lord is not as quiet as the Lord, and respects himself and is quiet," and "Zhu Lutong is suitable for the Tao, and Zhu Is the Great Road, although it is late and stable; The Land is convenient and seems to be swift and dangerous." In man's own ear".
In terms of literary concepts, Shen Hanguang advocates the use of science to guide the creation of poetry, and puts forward "Hecheng Zhu and Li Du as one" and "theory, elegance, and the same article", using the language of today's people is to have both correct guiding ideology and high standards in art, and the creation of Shen Hanguang and his friends of the Heshuo poetry school is a vivid example. Wei Xiangshu, a famous scholar of science in the early Qing Dynasty who had served as a Shangshu of the Punishment Department, praised Shen Hanguang and said: "Young people in the literary world, the old people come to reason with the road, and the so-called bowen and covenant ceremony of the sages." ”
After four hundred years of vicissitudes, Shen Hanguang, who was famous all over the world and respected by the government and the public, was little known in handan and even yongnian today, and the brilliant achievements of the Heshuo poetry school literati were almost annihilated.
Shen Hanguang and the Heshuo Poetry School
On the sixth day of the first month of June in the sixteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1677), Shen Han Guangshou finally came home at the age of fifty-nine. On the morning of the same day, Shen Hanguang read Wang Yangming's collection of essays and went to his brother's house to chat. Ignoring the report that a guest was visiting, he turned around and returned to the house, "a servant and a pawn", and died without illness. On that day, "the thunderstorm was handed over, and the county heard it, and all of them were shocked and frightened, and the mourning was like a lost soul."
The bad news spread, and the government and the opposition shook. Wei Yijie immediately wrote two elegy poems, one of which read: "The little micro star is darkly closed in the mountain, so the friends look at each other and cry at the bedchamber." Qiu Gu was lonely all his life, and several volumes of books were picked up. It is proposed that the Mahabharata should be incomparable, but who is to say to Xiangyang? Stepping out of the acacia to chat about hope, the water flow flowers xie geese sounded. Wei Xiangshu, the then Shangshu of the Punishment Department, wrote in the poem "Weeping Shen JianMeng Virgin": "The snow sideburns are recuring from the decadent face disease, and the weeping friends are doubly hurt." The little micro star has dark pity for Gaoshi, and the yellow silk resigns poor and mourns the philosopher. Subsequently, in the "Epitaph of shenjun of the Virgin's League", it was written: "Traced back to Jiang Bei as Shen, by the Jin Dynasty Huan Zhong Philosopher... The big festival is cold and the small things are diligent, and the Tao is not ashamed of the dust. The stone of the Tomb of the Ming Emperor is textless, and the true qi that has not been extinguished for a thousand years remains. He clearly put forward the concept of "philosopher", emphasizing the perfect personality charm of Shen Hanguang and small things.
In view of the great influence of Shen Hanguang's moral articles, the official and non-governmental organizations unanimously proposed that Shen Hanguang enter the ancestral hall of the ancestral hall in order to conform to the will of the people and set an example for future generations. Therefore, the students of FuXian County, the Confucian Teachings of FuXian County, the township officials of Yongnian County, and the people from all walks of life in The Shibei Society of Yongnian County, where Shen Zhuang is located, jointly signed the "Records of the Sages of Chongqi Township", and declared to Yongnian County- Guangping Province- Dashun Guangdao layer by layer, praising Shen Hanguang: "Standing and writing books, writing words and writing scriptures; handling the heart and doing things, everything can be questioned ghosts and gods." As for the deduction of the afterglow, it is like a trivial matter of life. The master of the Cheng generation should be eaten in steaming; the Confucian Sect of the True Thousand Autumns is urgently revered in the temple appearance. To show justice and always comfort public opinion. The text also reads: "The dan commentary of the recent days has been listed as the 'Seven Sons of the Central Plains'; the history of the letter of his year is unparalleled in Dingyun Guoshi." It can be seen that Shen Hanguang's prestige at that time was extremely high and widely respected. On the third day of march in the twenty-third year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1684), Shen Hanguang entered the Ancestral Hall of Guangping Province and Yongnian County, and finally enjoyed the respect he deserved.
Personnel have metabolism, and exchanges have become ancient and modern. The emergence of the Heshuo school of poetry is the product of the combination of traditional Chinese culture and Hebei regional culture.
Wei Zheng, a famous minister of the generation, said in the "Sui Shu Literary Biography": "The words of Heshuo are righteous and virtuous, and they are heavy on temperament. The Sui Shu Geographical Chronicle also says: "(Yan Zhao) is a vulgar and heavy man, a good friend, and his life and death are also out of benevolence." This culture was summarized by a generation of Wenzong Hanyu as: "Yan Zhao Gu called many people who sighed and sang. "On this hot land, Jing Ke stabbed Qin, Yu Rang swallowed charcoal, Mao Sui introduced himself, Wei Wei saved Zhao, General Xiang He, Liu Guan Zhang Taoyuan Jieyi, Zu Di smelled the chicken dancing, and so on, until Shen Hanguang's father, Shen Jiayin, was martyred, generous and tragic, mighty and majestic, and endlessly in the history books.
The poets of the Heshuo poetry school, represented by Shen Hanguang, took it as their duty to inherit the sages, inherited the torch, and practiced it personally. Shen Hanguang pointed out in the "Preface to the Poetry of the Ancestors of Qifu": "Yan Zhao Shan Chuan Xiongguang, during the life of the scholar, many servants are cool and clear, and there is no habit of stagnant fiber, so his voice is reckless, depressed and sad, and the qi is also so." "Shen Hanguang and his colleagues adhered to the spirit of loyalty and righteousness, were loyal to the country, filial piety at home, cared about the fortunes of the country and the people's livelihood, enthusiastic about local construction, both virtuous and artistic, and the annals of history, most of them entered the ancestral hall of the township, became the sages and celebrities of that era, and remembered for future generations." Shen Hanguang's "Handan Xing" was engraved by posterity on the Handan Cong platform, and has been loved by readers and recited by future generations.
"The heroic spirit of the Guoshi is not ending, and Shiqiao hates Gu Xingzhou. Thousand years of strong Zhao ju rotten grass, water to the bridge side of the throat does not flow. This is the final work of Shen Hanguang's "Selected Poems of Congshan Mountain", "Yu Rang Bridge".
What makes us sigh a lot is that after four hundred years of vicissitudes and changes, Shen Hanguang, who was famous all over the world and respected by the government and the public at that time, is little known in today's Handan or even yongnian years, and the brilliant achievements of the Heshuo poetry school literati have almost been annihilated. Inspired by this, in 2011, the author cooperated with Mr. Deng Ziping, a famous publisher and scholar, to sort out and publish Shen Hanguang's "Congshan Poetry Collection", photocopied the line-bound version of "Yongnian Shen's Testament", and held the "Heshuo Cultural Treasure Book - "Congshan Poetry Collection" and "Yongnian Shen's Testament" New Book Release and Academic Seminar" at the National Library. In 2013, he wrote a monograph "Shen Hanguang and Heshuo Poetry School", and held a publishing seminar at Beijing Normal University, and Shen Hanguang and Heshuo Poetry School attracted the attention of the national academic community. (Li Shiqi)
(The pictures in this article are all expansion packs provided by the author)