As we all know, the Qianlong Emperor loved to write poetry all his life, but how many are there? According to scholars' statistics, there are more than 40,000 songs.
Compared with the Quan Tang Poems compiled during the Kangxi Period of the Qing Dynasty, the Quan Tang Poems contains poems by more than 2,000 Tang Dynasty poets, but these add up to only more than 40,000 poems. Only in terms of the number of creations, the Qianlong Emperor did indeed achieve a thousand horses.
If some people question the inclusion of the "Quan Tang Poems", then we can also compare the age of Qianlong himself, the Qianlong Emperor was born on September 25, 1711, collapsed on February 7, 1799, a total of more than 30,000 days in his life, that is to say, the Qianlong Emperor from the beginning of his growth, not only to deal with daily government affairs and court trivia, but also had to write at least two poems a day to reach the staggering number of more than 40,000.
Qing "Hongli is one is two figures" Collection of the Palace Museum
Although there are many poems, they have been repeatedly devalued in the circles of literary and art criticism, and Mr. Qian Zhongshu even commented in "Tan Yi Lu" that he was "procrastinating and disgusting", which shows his disdain and disgust.
Leaving aside its literary artistry, in more than 40,000 works, we can find that the Qianlong Emperor repeatedly composed poems for utensils, and it can even be said that they were omnipresent.
The former generation of jia porcelain treasures in the palace, he wanted to write poetry descriptions, the craftsmen's newly made pearlescent beautiful utensils, he also had to write poetry chants, and even, he also wrote these "utensil explanations" in various ways forever engraved on the utensils, so there were a large number of "self-explained" utensils in the palace.
Today, let's take a look at what level the artifacts written by the Qianlong Emperor are.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="146" > Qianlong · furniture</h1>
First of all, from the furniture we are most familiar with, the Ming and Qing dynasty furniture is very rare, and the furniture is not the main position of the Qianlong Emperor's "staying poetry name", and the poems of the Qianlong Emperor will be left, most of which are related to the inheritance of the Ai Xinjue Luo family.
For example, the furniture of the antler chair, according to statistics, there are only five pieces of the antler chair, four of which have Qianlong inscription poems. These inscriptions are divided into two kinds, one is the inscription poem for the antler chair left by the ancestors, so that the Kangxi family hunted the antler chair, and there is a Qianlong inscription on the wooden board in the center of the chair back:
The chair-making look at the double horns, the black number hit the year.
The divine power to stop the group of clans, the holy structure should be conspired for ten thousand years.
I didn't dare to sit still and admire, knowing that Park Yi was willing to donate.
Shengjing is only far away from Xingzhou, and the family law is an example.
Qing Kangxi personal hunting antler chair Collection of the Palace Museum
The translation is to see this chair and think of the mighty style of grandpa (The Kangxi Emperor) in those years, and even he did not dare to sit down, nor did he dare to do any beautiful decorations on it, this chair is the bearer of the family's spiritual inheritance and cannot be easily touched.
The other is to leave poems on his imperial antler chair, such as the back of this antler chair made of large antlers obtained by Qianlong in 27 years, and there are also verses engraved on it:
Hunted Bayi Kok, good work to make chairs.
There is no discarded object, and it can be prepared for time.
It is the legacy of Xiandu, inherited from the Sijia Fa.
The bow is leaning on the side, and the di di is cautious and live.
Hugh's brain is curved, and the abundance of soft feet is signed.
The bottom beard is decorated with seven treasures, and the simple trial can be called.
Qianlong Imperial Antler Chair of the Qing Dynasty Collection of the Palace Museum
The poem first introduces how the antler chair is made and what it is used for, then mentions that the antler chair can help cultivate the body and mind, facilitate living, and finally returns to the praise of the antler chair itself. In the end, in fact, it is still inheriting the family spirit.
Such a concept does not only exist on the antler chair, but also has the imperial inscription of the Qianlong Emperor on this hanging screen:
I have seen Zhao Lin's six horses pass on the Zhenguan, standing stone like everyone drawing arrows.
Several rides are trapped in the formation, and the heroic wind is envied for thousands of years.
Zi Nai Ge Han Gan test horse wrote Ming Emperor, suspected to be the first strike of yan in the hot springs.
The saddle sleeve was slightly embarrassed, and the two were still fighting.
Whoops, whoever pioneered He Xiong shou he weak, feasted on the poison of Hur er and forgot about heaven.
Yuyang Mole drums come and go, and it is inevitable that shu road is rugged and supporting sections.
The painting of the noble jian is preserved, and Qu Ran caresses the ancient xing and sighs.
Qingqianlong Rosewood Edge Reading Depiction of Jin Ming Emperor Test Horse Picture Hanging Screen Collection of the Palace Museum
This paragraph was composed with feeling in the Qianlong Emperor's view of the "Ming Emperor's Test Horse Map", to the effect that it was reminiscent of the past and satirized the present, borrowing the deeds of the Tang Ming Emperor to warn the descendants of the Qing Dynasty royal family not to abandon riding and shooting, so as not to repeat the same mistakes.
In general, the inscriptions that will be left on the furniture are mostly on the furniture that carry the deep meaning of the family, inherit the ancestors and enlighten the descendants, and the utensils on the furniture show that we can see the torch passed down from generation to generation by the Aisin Kyora family.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="148" > Qianlong · jade</h1>
Jade is definitely the main position of the Qianlong Emperor's inscription poems, especially the prosperous Qingping, the national strength is rich and strong, the Qing Palace often transports Khotanese jade, the system is huge, very rare. The Qianlong Emperor ordered skilled craftsmen to measure the materials and design and carve, leaving behind many exquisite jade mountains.
For example, this Piece of Dantai Chunxiao Yushan, weighing 1500kg, is engraved with the Qianlong Emperor's poem in the lower right corner:
A frame of the hall door is like a screen, thinking about writing is more spiritual than writing.
Dantai figure out Xiao Chunli, stone room name transmission Ji Daoxin.
The cyan white seal is colorless, and the carved tree is self-formed.
Xiantong rubbed the medicine Yun Qu back, and the Taiyi furnace guarded the six dings.
Qianlong Qing Dynasty Dantai Chunxiao Yushan Collection of the Palace Museum
This explanation first indicates its location, and then praises the craftsmanship, and then describes the scenery of the Jade Mountain, with layers of mountains and mountains, a scene of dense forests of cang pines, a fairy child on the small bridge to collect medicine will return, and a servant guard in front of the alchemy furnace, and the main scene is all described in the poem, without expressing his own heart, which can be said to be an exclusive explanation of the authenticity.
In addition to the huge jade mountain, other jade objects can also get the Qianlong Emperor inscription poems, such as the ancient jade handed down, some exquisite antique jade made by the people of the time, will get a poem by the Qianlong Emperor.
Such a piece of jade, the inner wall is inscribed with the Qianlong Emperor's "YongHan Jade Dragon Head":
The precious jade is illuminated with its Ying, Zhangtai white light.
The Head of the Han Dynasty is ancient in the Han Dynasty, and the vicissitudes of excavation are even more in the earth.
The color of the outer hair is completely hidden, and the essence of the inner essence of the mu is also bright.
It is said to be de-love and divine independence, and the theory of the past is a good review.
Qianlong Imperial Inscription Three Sections of Jade Chun Collection of the Palace Museum
Writing an explanation for this kind of ancient jade, Qianlong first started from this type of jade, praised the beauty of jade, and then turned his words around and expressed his understanding of the origin of this ancient jade, believing that this jade was the ornament on the pole of the Han Dynasty noble car. It has gone through vicissitudes, and its appearance no longer has the brilliance of beautiful jade, but it is all introverted, with deep ancient rhyme, which makes people feel elegant.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="150" > Qianlong porcelain</h1>
Porcelain is also the main position for him to display his "talent", according to statistics, the Palace Museum's collection of porcelain, with about 300 pieces of Qianlong imperial poems, can be seen in his love for porcelain. According to Mr. Guo Baochang's statistics, there are the most official kilns, with 70 poems, followed by Ding kilns, with 32.
On the porcelain of the former daimyo kiln in the Qing Palace, we can find some of these poems. Such a Song Dynasty kiln green glazed fish ear furnace, the court jade craftsman made a book engraved Qianlong poem on the outside of the furnace:
Yi who changed the sunset kaoru, the incense is still smelling.
Made from Chongyu ear, the color is like a valerian eel pattern.
Originally there was no fire, but it seemed to have clouds.
Discern the eight returns, where the root of the nose is divided.
Song Ge kiln green glazed fish ear furnace Collection of the Palace Museum
Because this piece of porcelain is an incense burner, so it starts with the aroma, from the Song to the Qing, hundreds of years have passed, and there is a faint afterscent in the furnace, which makes people wonder who used it to burn incense in the past. Then we began to introduce the shape and color of the furnace, blue-gray and fish ear shape, it seems to have clouds, and it is difficult to distinguish where the aroma comes from if you only use your nose to identify it.
Starting with incense and ending with incense, it can be seen that the Qianlong Emperor also put some ingenuity when composing poems, which shows his appreciation and love for this ancient porcelain.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="151" > Qianlong lacquerware</h1>
The development of Ming and Qing lacquerware flourished and reached the peak of craftsmanship, because of its cumbersome craftsmanship, it has always been only available to famous and prestigious families, and qianlong poems have also been left on the lacquerware of the previous generation or this dynasty.
Among the many lacquerware, the red is especially popular with the court, such a red two-layer square box, the lid left Qianlong in 1783 AD poem:
Jingnan soldiers are called Yongle, and the orchard lacquerware is well-made.
Box chart fishing for an old man, Guangxiao should be widely open.
Early Ming Dynasty Red Fishing Figure Two-Story Square Box Collection of the Palace Museum
The first sentence at first glance will feel headless and brainless, how suddenly mentioned the Battle of Jingnan, in fact, it is indicating that the production time of this square box is in the early years of Yongle. "Orchard" is an orchard factory, a government-run lacquerware workshop set up in the Imperial City by the Imperial Household Superintendent, specializing in the production of carved and filled lacquer. The latter sentence indicates that the lid is carved with a pattern, and finally sublimates the theme of the pattern, which is advocating filial piety.
The explanation is clear, the logic is strict, and finally it is sublimated from shallow to deep, and it may be too shallow to look at as a poem, but it is still good to look at it as an artifact.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="153" > Qianlong · Dagger</h1>
Dagger is the gourd, the dagger process is very special, is in the gourd young, it will be included in the already prepared model with a yin pattern, to grow, and the model is tightly sewn, after taking out you can get a dagger with a yang pattern.
Most of the daggers in the Qing Palace were made during the Kangxi period, Kangxi was not like Qianlong, who only made the four words "Kangxi Appreciation" on the Bao'ai utensils to show exclusive rights, and the Qianlong Emperor saw his grandfather's beautiful dagger, and his heart was itchy, and he wanted to engrave his own poems on the black paint on the inner wall:
The gourd bowl has been caught for a hundred years, and Mu Ru is ancient in the table.
Mozi could not bear to let go of his hands, and the Kangxi Emperor played with knowledge.
In the past, no one was judged, and his family was guarding the city.
Tossing and turning is refilled for Zhen, and it is sincere that Zhen is better than other ears.
The world is still like the Western Qing, and the bowl should be happy if it is known.
Contemplate the holy will of the day, not expensive foreign objects to get rid of luxury.
The garden opened the kaifeng heavy agricultural garden, and the vegetables were planted here.
As far as the model is regulated, the divine hub is the creation of physics.
The bowl can be seen in the soup, and the floating and sinking of the illusory sea is discussed on the other.
Qing Kangxi Kangxi Qianlong Imperial Inscription Lotus Pattern Bowl Collected by the Palace Museum
A small bowl, but a long poem carved on the inner wall, it is not easy to be a craftsman in Qianlong. The poem begins with an introduction to the historical origins, which the Kangxi Emperor once gave to someone in the past, but the family did not keep the family property, sold it, and then became a tribute to enter the palace again, so it is more meaningful than other artifacts.
Now it is still the same as in the past, imagining that the bowl would be happy if it was conscious, thinking that Grandpa Kangxi did not try to be extravagant, but planted gourds to make this instrument, and the gourds were made into various shapes in the model, what an amazing method of creation. The Qianlong Emperor now faced this bowl, and naturally had infinite emotions.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="154" > Qianlong Rhino horn</h1>
Rhino horn carving arose in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, and in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, due to the love of the Qianlong Emperor, the rhinoceros horn carving in the inner court also reached its peak, and even the phenomenon of using jade to imitate the rhino horn cup appeared. Among the many rhinoceros horn cups, his favorite is the work of Youtong in the Ming Dynasty, and the Forbidden City has a rhinoceros horn cup made by Youtong, and the abdomen of the cup is engraved with Qianlong inscription:
According to the good fortune of the Wen clan, the carved cup still met the You family.
The river originated in the human world, and the Han envoys falsely passed on the star Han Cha.
The first two sentences of this poem are still praising Youtong, while the last two sentences completely deviate from this cup, and also quote historical materials such as the "Book of Han and the Biography of Zhang Qian" in the self-annotation, refuting Zhang Qian's theory that he took the chak to the Tianhe River, believing that the source of the river is in the human world, not in heaven. In this poem, the Qianlong Emperor went from writing to reasoning, and unexpectedly embodied a little materialist tendency.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="156" >Qianlong · religion</h1>
Although in the previous poem we saw a little bit of Qianlong's materialistic tendencies, in fact, most of the ancients had their own idealistic beliefs, and the Qianlong Emperor was no exception, he was devout to Worship the Buddha, and had a close relationship with Tibetan Buddhism.
From the Kangxi Dynasty onwards, in the early spring, Tibet would offer a wooden bowl called Zaguzaya to the imperial court, according to the Qing Dynasty Wu Zhendi's "Yangjizhai Series": "Zaguzaya wooden bowl, Tibet tribute. Cloud grass root knots can detoxify all poisons... He is a tribute, and this is the most precious thing. ”
There are at least 8 poems of the Qianlong Emperor Yongzha Guzaya wooden bowl, such a wooden bowl, the bottom of the bowl is inlaid with silver wire inscription verses:
Wooden trees came to Tibet, and grass roots became bark.
Or the cloud can ward off evil and use it to celebrate the Spring Festival.
The branches and leaves are still hidden, and the goods are strange.
Steep thoughts, two things to fill the hunger.
Qingqianlong Zhagu Zaya wooden bowl Collection of the Palace Museum
The poem first introduces the origin of the wooden bowl, and then points out its meaning and preciousness of warding off evil spirits and blessings, and finally the painting style takes a sharp turn, lamenting that the land of poor mountains and bad waters should use it to fill its hunger. At the end of this poem, there is a sudden outbreak of compassion for the people's livelihood, perhaps the Buddha's intention behind the wooden bowl that makes him unconsciously show compassion.
In the eyes of many people, Qianlong's behavior of leaving poems everywhere can be said to be heinous, and the quality of his poems is not good, and it is also deeply branded on various utensils like small advertisements, and even destroys the beauty of the utensils themselves, just like the pearl falls to the ground, and the jade is stained with dust.
Just as there are a thousand dream of the Red Chamber in the eyes of a thousand people, for the utensils, the utensils are silent, only bear the shape and color, its beauty can be deconstructed by the collector, its deep meaning can also be left to the collector's association, if only a person's ideas are engraved on it, it is inevitable that it is too overbearing, limiting the possibility of other kinds of beauty of the utensils.
The vessel carries the Tao, and the Tao is the metaphysical one.