The tradition of respecting teachers and re-teaching has been established for a long time. In China's thousands of years of history, the confucian sages represented by Confucius have been respected and admired by the world, and the national spirit has been inherited, and the Chinese civilization has also been long-lasting and endless. Foshan is located in Lingnan, and with the "southward migration" of the Central Plains culture, it has become a common practice to teach teachers and teachers. "(Republic of China) Foshan Zhongyi Township Chronicle of Education": "There are people with special talents, but also their unique talents, they can be self-reliant, so they can be used for the world, and the country relies on them." ”
At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the People's Republic, the country was worried about internal and external troubles, and under the impact of the Western powers' "strong ships and sharp cannons", Foshan and other Coastal Areas of Guangdong gradually became the forefront of "learning from the West and gradually learning from the East". People of insight such as Zhu Ciqi, Jian Chaoliang, Kang Youwei, Huang Jie, Xian Yuqing, and others either adhered to the profound tradition of sinology, or at the same time absorbed the spirit of Western studies, opened libraries to teach apprentices, and widely trained scholars, and their idea of educating people has a strong color of the times of "sinology as the foundation and Western studies as the use", laying a solid humanistic foundation for the social development of modern Guangdong, "the first to gain the atmosphere", and the influence is far-reaching and the style still exists today. On the occasion of the 34th Teachers' Day, let us travel through the time tunnel of the late Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the People's Republic of China, and relive the teachers and morals of the generation of famous teachers and scholars in Foshan at that time.
Zhu Ciqi: Qianqiu xinxue opened the South China Sea, and the hundred famous Confucians looked up to the Jiujiang
Zhu Ciqi (1807-1881), courtesy name Zhigui, zixiang, known as Mr. Jiujiang, was a native of Nanhai, Guangdong. "To act as a sect, to be virtuous, to be virtuous, to be virtuous, to be poor and to learn, and to save the people through the ages."
In 1858, Zhu Ciqi opened the Lishan Caotang under the Lishan Mountains in his hometown of Jiujiang South, and the "four elements and five learnings" were the core of his teaching ideas. "Four Elements": Tun Xing filial piety, advocating honor, changing temperament, checking prestige, paying attention to students' moral character cultivation, is the reality of self-cultivation; "five studies": scripture, history, palm history, sexual theory, and lexicon, integrated, clear and reasonable, is the reality of reading. "What about the readers?" Reading is for clarity, reason is for dealing with things, and it should be used by the country under the heavens. ”
In the past twenty years of lecturing in Lishan Caotang, Zhu Ciqi has used "practical learning" to eliminate the shortcomings of traditional sinology education, and then inspired students to study with new thinking and new horizons, and in the face of the historical trend of "learning from the west and gradually moving from the east to the east", he put his students and their later studies on the cusp of the new and old trends of thought, and became a national pillar that influenced the trajectory of historical development, the most prestigious of which was Kang Youwei, the leader of the modern Chinese restoration school. In the Preface to Mr. Zhu Jiujiang's Writings, Kang Youwei praised Lingshi's moral integrity and learning: "His learning is like the sea; his literature is like a mountain; he is lofty, profound, and knowledgeable, and he is strong and upright." In the two hundred years of the Gai dynasty, there has been no great sage and great Confucianism. ”
Jian Chaoliang: The path of self-cultivation of the Mingzheng Mind can reach the level of Yu Zhiping
Jian Chaoliang (1851-1933), Zi Ji ji, zhuju, a native of Shunde, Guangdong. He went to Zhu Ciqi twice to receive a job, but after completing his studies, he never abandoned the imperial examination, took writing books and lecturing as his vocation, encouraged him to learn with style and festivals, and set an example by practicing learning. He has successively taught apprentices in Guangzhou, Shunde, Yangshan and other places, and created the Reading Grass Hall and the Reading Mountain Hall in Shunde and Yangshan respectively, of which the Reading Mountain Hall is "one of the four major colleges in Guangdong", and scholars from all over the province.
Based on the teaching gist of Zhu Ciqi's self-cultivation and reading, Jian Chaoliang adhered to the teachings of his predecessors throughout his life, and attached equal importance to teaching by word and deed, in order to "correct people's hearts and save the world's style": not only imparting knowledge, advocating the application of the scriptures, but also focusing on cultivating students' moral character, holding on to Gengjie, indifferent to meritorious names, and his demeanor made his protégés feel admired, and the Huang Jie of the "Lingnan Poetry Sect" and the famous newspaperman Deng Shi were both taught by him and admired by the world. Although Kang Youwei was talented and proud, he was particularly impressed by his moral learning, and was praised as "the great Confucian of the Present Ridge Table, only one person".
Kang Youwei: On the Persuasion of Sex to Learn Chang Xingji, Wanmu Caotang Establishes Academic Rules
Kang Youwei (1858-1927), formerly known as Zu Yi (祖诒), zi Guangsha (廣厦), Changsu (号長素), a native of Nanhai, Guangdong, known as Kang Nanhai, was a teenager who received a strict orthodox education such as studying the history of scriptures under Zhu Ciqi. Unlike Jian Chaoliang's lifelong obedience to the doctrine of the ancestors, Kang Youwei also paid attention to learning from the advanced Western theories, "purchasing the map of the earth, gradually collecting the books of Western studies, and laying the foundation for teaching Western studies", and gradually embarked on the road of restoration and reform.
Kang Youwei regarded education as the main way to cultivate talents for reform and reform. In 1891, Kang Youwei founded Wanmu Caotang and personally lectured, clearly taking "inspiring integrity, carrying forward the spirit, and seeking wisdom" as the educational purpose. To this end, he wrote the "Record of Changxing Learning" as the study rule of Wanmu Caotang, with the "Analects" "Zhi Dao, according to Virtue, According to Ren, And Yu Yu Yi" as the outline, to give students moral, intellectual, and physical education. "Combing through the academic flow and historical and political evolution of China over the past thousands of years, and deducing it from the proportion of the public law of all nations", "Dafa seeks the righteousness of benevolence, and talks about the reasons of China and foreign countries, and the law of saving China".
The establishment of Wanmu Caotang clearly put forward the purpose of running the school with Chinese body and Western use, and adopted the educational content of both Chinese and Western, which is of pioneering significance in the history of Chinese education. At the same time, due to the curriculum and teaching methods of "breaking away from the shackles of the predecessors and opening up a unique new theory", as well as Kang Youwei's macro learning, Liang Qichao, who came to audition, listened to it and gave up his study in another college and threw himself into Kang's door. Later, when Liang Qichao was lecturing at the Shiwu Academy in Hunan, he basically attacked the spirit of running the Wanmu Caotang school, and thus followed Kang Youwei and became an important leader in the restoration and reform of the law.
Huang Jie: Xuefeng Dun Suxing Women's Studies, Lingnan Poetry Transmission Poetics
Huang Jie (1873–1935), originally known as Obscure Wen ( Obscure Wen ) , was a native of Shunde , Guangdong Province. In his early years, he traveled to Study Jian Chaoliang to read the Caotang and was deeply influenced by his teacher's moral learning. He served for one year as the director of the Department of Education of Guangdong Province and the director of the Tongzhi Museum. He has taught in Guangzhou, Peking University, Tsinghua University and other universities, and has devoted himself to academic research and education all his life.
During his tenure as director of the Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Huang Jie proposed "the way to save oneself", "one side should attach importance to moral education, the other side should develop vocational education", and Guangdong's "study style has changed, from hustle to Dunsu". In addition, Huang Jie attaches great importance to the development of girls' education, the establishment of the provincial first girls' middle school, recruiting more than a thousand girls in junior high school, because he learned from Western education that boys are a competitive culture, while girls are a cooperative culture, so men and women are divided into classes to facilitate the use of their respective advantages and teaching according to their aptitudes.
Huang Jie is a scholar and able to write poetry, and his poems have both the literary style of Tang poetry and the bone of Song Ci, rigid and soft, and beautiful, so they have the reputation of "Lingnan Poetry Sect". Not only proficient in poetry, Huang Jie also taught poetics seriously and rigorously, and strongly advocated both poetic creation and poetry research: the method of annotating poetry was written on lecture notes and then printed into books; his most important academic work, "Poetics", was "comparable to Lu Xun's Outline of the History of Chinese Literature" and Liu Shipei's "Lecture Notes on the History of Medieval Literature". Liang Qichao once praised: "Obscure is very experienced in the study of Mao's poems and the Six Dynasties of Han and Wei, and the arguments are very detailed!"
Xian Yuqing: Education for the Heart of Dan, Chinese Model Shi Liufang
Xian Yuqing (1895-1965), the owner of the Langjiu Pavilion and a native of Nanhai, Guangdong, was known as the "Lingnan Talented Woman" who "no one in Lingnan has been able to stand out from the right for thousands of years". He successively studied under the famous scholars Chen Zizhu and Huang Jie. In 1918, Xian Yuqing went to Guangzhou to enroll in the Attached High School of Lingnan University, and then rose to Lingnan University from studying to teaching until his retirement in 1954, realizing the ideal of "committing to practical education".
Influenced by the ideas of education of the first teacher, Xian Yuqing was determined to engage in education for life in her youth, so she "took students as her children" and devoted her life energy to the education and love of students. As a philologist who has made great contributions to the study of Lingnan culture, she teaches rigorously: "If you want the people to be patriotic, you must make them know the loveliness of their country's history and geography, especially for their own hometown; for this reason, they must read Chinese and foreign ancient and modern books and conduct long-term field investigations, and strive to innovate and establish ideas to carry forward and expand Lingnan culture", requiring students to uphold the traditions of the Lingnan School in thought and practice in order to grasp the essence of Lingnan culture. In life, he "self-denial" and cares about helping students in difficulty: When Xian Xinghai, a famous musician and former lingnan university student, studied abroad, Xian Yuqing once funded 500 yuan for his study fees, which was once spread among the masters and students of Ling. "Ice qing jade is as clean as snow, and the moral article is long day and month" is the best portrayal of Xian YuQing's talent and qi master..
From Zhu Ciqi, the Confucian grandmaster who Lide, Li Gong, and the Confucian Master who spoke of the "Three Immortals", to Jian Chaoliang, who experienced the "Lingbiao Great Confucianism", Kang Youwei, the leader of the Late Qing Restoration, Huang Jie, the "Lingnan Poetry Sect", to Xian Yuqing, the "Talented Daughter of Lingnan", the teachers have a clear vein and are each a master, active in the academic circles and political circles of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty, and there are many scholars, great political commentators, great poets, and great philologists Advocating ancient learning, preserving the essence of the country, with deep self-confidence and insight; erudition, far-sightedness, the pursuit of practical new knowledge and creativity, can be called the miracle and pride of Foshan and even Lingnan culture and education at that time!
Recommended books for this issue
1
"Late Qing Dynasty Alcohol Confucianism Zhu Ciqi"
ISBN: B249.95/J602
Collections: Foshan Municipal Library, North District, 4th Floor, Special Collections Document Area, 5th Floor
Recommended: Zhu Ciqi, a famous scholar and educator in the Qing Dynasty. Throughout his life, he practiced traditional Confucian ideas, was more keenly aware of the various biases in Sinology at that time, and tried to draw vitality from the source of Confucianism, Confucius Zhixue, and sought solutions to the shortcomings of the times, and finally put his student Kang Youwei and others on the cusp of the intersection of old and new ideological trends. Before his death, he burned all his life's manuscripts, becoming a stop in Liang Qichao's eyes on the old Chinese learning, and the Jiujiang style behind him had a profound impact on the Lingnan academic community.
2
"The Biography of Kang Youwei"
ISBN: B258.5/L405
Recommendation: Liang Qichao divides the real characters into two types: "characters who should be in time" and "characters who come before". "The man who should be in time, the hero created by the situation; the person who preceded the time, the hero who created the situation." Kang Youwei, the character of the previous time also. The grandeur of his ideals shines for thousands of years, the depth of his enthusiasm runs through the seven zha, and the majesty of his courage is transgressive. None of his ambitions are not pointed, and everything he does is frustrated. The world is full of slanderers, sinners, and enemies, but the history of new China in the 20th century, on the first page of the opening volume, must be described as the spiritual cause, thinking that it is the driving force of society, and the future teacher can assert it.
3
"Lingnan Poetry Yellow Festival"
ISBN: K825.6=6/C593
Collections: Foshan Municipal Library On the north side of the third floor and the special collection document area on the fifth floor
Recommended words: Huang Jie poems are like life, life is like poetry. Poetry is a passageway through his spiritual world, where he can penetrate the candles and discover unique landscapes that are difficult to peek into and little known in other dimensions. Based on the annals and poems of Huang Jie, this biography "uses poetry to prove history", penetrates the smoke and dust of history, reproduces his personality, and truthfully records his ups and downs from private school enlightenment to Peking University teaching, which lasted for more than half a century.
4
Xian Yuqing Research Commemorative Anthology
ISBN: K825.4=7/X802
Recommendation: This book collects, organizes, and edits a variety of published texts about this legendary talented woman, which are collected into a commemorative treatise, which is divided into four parts according to the content, namely speech, academic, virtue, and information. The speech section includes the opening speeches of the previous Xian Yuqing commemorative meetings; the academic articles include articles on Xian Yuqing's academic works; the virtue section mainly includes reminiscent articles, reflecting the bits and pieces of Professor Xian Yuqing's virtues; the information section includes articles that make a detailed arrangement of Xian Yuqing's life and works.
(The picture in the article comes from the Internet)