Hello friends! I haven't made a long video for a long time, recently, I have been reading "China's Academic History in the Past Three Hundred Years", at the end of 19, I made a video about "Heaven and Earth Great Confucian King Ship Mountain", and since then I have been thinking of making a video with Huang Zongxi and Gu Tinglin.
The Ming Dynasty was an era when Confucian science was moving toward nothingness, and the controversy between Cheng Zhu Lixue and Lu Wangxinxue was continuous, and the scholars were mostly popular in Xuanjiao, only knowing, not doing, until after the ming dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, there were widows such as Huang Zongxi, Sun Xiafeng, Gu Tinglin, Wang Chuanshan, Yan Xizhaide, etc., reflecting on the gains and losses of politics, and the root of people's turmoil.
The Academic History of China in the Past Three Hundred Years has a version of Liang Qichao and a version of Qian Mu. There are great differences between the two versions, one is the style, the Liangshu vernacular style, and the Qianshu literary style. Second, the detailed category, the Liangshu class is brief, can be regarded as an introductory book, and the money book category is detailed and highly academic. Third, the choice of characters is different, Mr. Liang Qichao and Mr. Qian Mu's choice of characters is not the same, they have the same character choice, as I mentioned Huang Zongxi, Gu Tinglin and Wang Fuzhi, but the back is not the same, for example, in the Book of Liang, Huang Zongxi is followed by Sun Xiafeng, but in the Book of Money, huang Zongxi is followed by Chen Qianchu, and Zhu Shunshui, there is something written about him in the Book of Liang, but Mr. Qian Mu's book is not mentioned, and the fourth is the Book of Liang, in addition to the history of literature. There are also some contents about almanac, musicology, geography and Fang Zhi, but Qian Mu's book, there is no mention, he attaches more importance to historiography, the fifth is That Mr. Qian Mu's book is a final draft, Mr. Liang Qichao's book is an unfinished manuscript, it was purchased by a bookseller from Mr. Liang Qichao's family, and it was published and published in the world after it was proofread. In fact, most of them refer to the content of Mr. Liang Qichao's book.
The great Confucianism of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, of course, the most prestigious one is Huang Zongxi, he is the inheritor of Wang YangMing's heart study, he rectified the shortcomings of Wang Xue in the late Ming Dynasty, only talking about emptiness and no action is just knowing and not doing, this is the biggest drawback of Wang Xue, in the eyes of people at the time, but this is actually not a problem of Wang Xue itself, we can't simply think that Wang Xue Wang Yang MingXinxue is a vain learning, in fact, it is not right, my own personal feeling is that this scholarship has been handed down, He must have no problem, but the later scholars could not understand that it was its own problem, could not understand his true content, but went to talk more about it, and misinterpreted this scholarship, so that his reputation was not good. Like in Japan, Wang Yangming's heart is greatly respected, and it is rumored that in Japan there is a Togo Heihachiro, who said that he would bow down to Wang Yangming all his life! This is a manifestation of YangMingXinxue, which is completely different at home and abroad.
Mr. Huang Zongxi and Mr. Wang Yangming are fellow villagers and are from Yuyao, Zhejiang Today. He was born in the 81st year of Mr. Wang Yangming, Huang Zongxi was born in the 38th year of the Ming Wanli Calendar, and died in the 34th year of the Qing Dynasty Kangxi, at the age of 86. There is a problem here, Mr. Qian Mu's writing is the death of the Qing Kangxi thirty-four years, but Mr. Liang Qichao's writing is the death of the Qing Kangxi sixteenth year, so this is a relatively big difference, I did not read Mr. Qian Mu's book, I may mistakenly not observe this very small point, I also went to verify the WeChat reading above, including my previous version of the Sanlian Bookstore, and now in my hand this Beijing United Publishing House, Mr. Liang Qichao's book, All of them are written about Huang Zongxi's death year as the fourteenth year of qing kangxi, so this is why I just said in the above five points that Mr. Liang Qichao's book was not passed, and after proofreading, it was bought by the bookseller and printed directly, where such an argument lies.
Mr. Huang Zongxi, the character Taichong Nanlei, nicknamed Lizhou Old Man, Lizhou Mountain Man, scholar known as Mr. Lizhou, his father was Huang Zunsu, a famous member of the Donglin Party, who was victimized by Wei Zhongxian, and in 1626 he was unjustly imprisoned, humiliated, and committed suicide, when he was only forty-three years old. At that time, Huang Zongxi was only sixteen years old. But the father's vendetta is like the depths of the sea! Huang Zongxi remembered it deeply, just like when Wu Zixu passed zhaoguan, there were four sentences that sang, "After day after day, my heart is like boiling oil." With a three-foot sword hanging from his waist, he could not repay his parents for wrongs. ”
When Mr. Huang Zongxi was nineteen years old, he went alone to Beijing to hide the cone in the long sleeve, which should be a long sleeve hidden in a cone, wanting to hand blade the enemy, at that time Wei Zhongxian had already been investigated by the Chongzhen Emperor who had come to power, and the remaining two enemies Huang Zongxi and them were in the court, and took out the long awl inside the sleeve to stab them, and waited until the two enemies were also tried. He went to study with The Great Confucian at that time, who was also a disciple of Wang Yangming, and called Liu Fengshan, that is, Liu Zongzhou.
Then Beijing fell. When the Qing army entered the customs, King Fu was in power at Ruan Dacheng in Nanjing, but he did not think about resisting the Qing, and the Southern Ming government at that time still had partisan disputes, which were very strong and also practiced party imprisonment. In order to hunt down donglin's celebrities, Huang Zongxi had to flee to Japan and wait until the next year to return. As for this paragraph, Mr. Liang Qichao's book is written, but It is not said in Mr. Qian Mu's book.
After Huang Zongxi returned, he and his hometown friend Qian Zhongjie raised an army, and the Qing division went south to call the Shizhong camp, but after the defeat of the enemy, he fled to the Siming Cottage, and when he was ugly, he heard that King Lu rushed to the sea to surrender until the ming dynasty died. Only then did he return to his hometown and write a book, hoping to save the people from the fire and water.
He has been thinking about Kuang Fu Daming since the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, but the reality of the times, which is not subject to personal will, cannot be realized after some efforts! He returned to his hometown and began to write books and lectures to discuss the fundamental questions, why did the Ming Dynasty die? Why do readers have so much knowledge but they can't save the country? What is the human heart and human nature? What is the root of the knowledge of qualities? What is mental nature?
When Mr. Huang Zongxi was a teenager, he devoted himself to historiography, and there were many books in his family, and he visited and borrowed niushi shixuelou, Qishi Tangshengtang, and Fan's Tianyi Pavilion, and when his father was arrested and imprisoned, he told him that the most important thing for scholars was to inform the history, and they could read the "Records of Dedication" Which was a work at that time.
He was the heir of YangmingXinxue, but he did not fully inherit Yangmingxinxue, nor was he a revolutionary of Yangmingxinxue, but a revisionist. His interpretation of the unity of knowledge and action of Yang Ming's mind is as follows: Yang Ming said that conscience is based on things and things, and that the zhi word is the line word, and the empty and empty poor theory, only to seek a distinction between knowledge and wrong, and then the scholar tests the imagination to see the ontology, and only establishes a family in knowledge, thinking that it is conscience. Then why doesn't Yang Ming still have to be poor in the teachings of the Rational Thing and will want to be self-righteous?
He explained that to the conscience, the word is a line word, which is a bit like the study style of experimental philosophy in recent times. If you want to know the road, as long as you go forward, you will naturally understand, and meditating on the road behind closed doors is always in vain, so he thinks that the measurement imagination of the body is useless. Therefore, Lizhou did not do things all day in his life, did not read books every day, and sat alone in meditation and meditation, which he absolutely did not advocate, so he tried his best to correct the shortcomings of only emphasizing words and deeds and not emphasizing teaching in the process of post-Confucianism spreading Wang Yangming's mind, and vigorously corrected and used actions to make up for this cognition, because it is difficult to know that it is not difficult to do, and it is not difficult to know that it is not difficult to act.
Mr. Lizhou has written countless books in his lifetime, and has been involved in and written books and sayings in the history of scripture, history, astronomical calendar, geography, and hydrology, such as "The Reason for The Granting of Time", "The Law of the Great Unified Calendar", "The Teaching of the Calendar if", and in terms of hydrology, there is "The Present Water Classic", "Yixue Xiang number theory" has "Ming Yi to be visited" and "Ming Confucianism Case" The most profound influence is "Ming Yi To Be Visited", which is his political thought. Many of the arguments in the book seemed really earth-shattering at the time! "Original Jun", "Original Subject", "Original Law", "Placing Phase", "School", etc., such as "Yuan Jun" said, "The ancients took the world as the main king as the guest, and the people who lived in the world and the operators were the world's world, and now they also take the king as the main world as the guest." Whoever has peace in the heavens and the earth is a king. Words like this for nearly a thousand years, the idea of dictatorship was a very bold rebellion.
Lizhou wrote a book after reviving the hopeless revival of the homeland, saying that the Qing court knew his academic fame and invited him out of the mountains many times, hoping to attract more widows and elders through his prestige, so that the Qing court regime could be legitimate and justified, or more popular, he refused to accept it from his death, but many of his protégés served as officials in the Qing court, and when the Qing Dynasty was repairing the history of the Ming Dynasty, many of the librarians in the library were his post-study protégés, and there were places that he did not understand often went to consult him. The "Historical Chronicle" asked him to review and correct it before it was finalized, and the "Geographical Chronicle" mostly used his "Present Water Classic".
Mr. Qian Mu compared Lizhou with Chuanshan and Tinglin, and believed that at that time, just as Gu Tinglin paid attention to various practical measures of the system, the incentive of Wang Chuanshan's heavy national concept focused on the play of the highest principles in politics, and the three schools were at their best, and Lizhou was particularly able to explore the source of poverty. It is a great praise for Mr. Lizhou's ability to explore the origin of the work very broadly and subtly, which is probably an evaluation of Mr. Lizhou. This is what I read and wanted to talk about Huang Zongxi's small content, because I didn't understand it very comprehensively, and there was no way to expand it very systematically. Some of my personal reading feelings, there must be something wrong, and I write it out with the intention of leaving a message for myself.
The text carries the tao to convey affection
This is a sky blue glaze candlestick during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, there are four words written in ink at the bottom, reading from left to right should be Shao Nian Chongban, it should be purchased by a person named Shao Nian Chongren, the sky blue glaze is very beautiful. I don't know how many readers have accompanied the day and night and spring and autumn, like such a candle inserted in this small hole, should be a pair of now there is only one. I don't know if Huang Zongxi lit a small candle like this before, and then crouched down on the case to review and change his manuscript, and finally left us so many classics and ideas, so that the culture of our nation can be brilliant. Thank you all! If you see this, really appreciate your support and encouragement! Thank you!