From Wang Guowei's prose to Qian Qianyi pseudonym

Author: Zhu Zejie (Professor, College of Media and International Culture, Zhejiang University)

A few days ago, the author sorted out Wu Yifeng's compilation of "National Dynasty Poems" in the "Compilation of Prefaces to the General Collection of Qing Poems", and in connection with Wang Guowei's relevant statements, I made a basic sorting out of the pseudonym involving Qian Qianyi and some situations in the "National Dynasty Poems". Xie Weiyang and Fang Xinliang co-edited the twenty-volume (volume) edition of the Complete Works of Wang Guowei (joint edition of Zhejiang Education Publishing House and Guangdong Education Publishing House, 2010), in which the 51st article of "Miscellaneous Records of Dongshan" says: "Wu Mei'an's Selected Poems of the National Dynasty takes the people of the late Ming Dynasty as a two-volume appendix, and the first of them is Peng Shu, the character Qianzhi, and the Changshan people. At first, it was suspected that there was no such name, and reading its poems, all of them were musai. Although there was a ban on writing on that day, it was because of this, but after Ling Muzhai was in the same family as 'Yu SuLan', he was also ridiculed and abused. (Vol. 3, pp. 369-370) This passage, together with the above "Feng Hascang's "Haiyu Demon Chaos", was once repeatedly selected and circulated as Wang Guowei's "classic" prose, and the relevant content needs to be carefully examined.

Du Fu wrote and Qing Qian Qianyi annotated the "Du Gongbu Collection" information picture

Wu Yifeng lived in the Qianlong and Jiaqing periods of the Qing Dynasty. The engraved edition of his "Poetry of the National Dynasty" is titled "Ten Volumes of National Dynasty Poetry, One Volume of External Compilation, and Six Supplementary Volumes" (the humble manuscript is hereinafter referred to as the main compilation, the external compilation, and the supplementary compilation), without the word "selection". The number of books at the beginning of the book and the number of internal volumes are also exactly the same as the title page. Therefore, the general catalogue of Ancient Chinese Books: Collection Department (Zhonghua Bookstore 2012 edition) is "Ten Volumes of National Dynasty Poems, Ten Volumes of External Compilations, and Six Supplementary Volumes" (numbered "Collection 60344124"), of which the number of external volumes is first and foremost wrong.

There are also tablets in the "National Dynasty Poems": "Xinyang Zhao Carved, Yuan and Jiang Titles." "But there is no time to explain the publication. The Article of the General Catalogue of Ancient Chinese Books also contains three kinds of "Xinyang Zhao Inscriptions" of "Jiaqingjian", "Tongzhijian", and "Guangxujian". However, the "Xinyang Zhao Clan" here is known as Zhao Yuanyi according to the "Xinyang Zhao Yuanyi School Engraving" signed in the last line of each compilation, and Zhao Yuanyi's death year is Daoguang Twenty Year Gengzi (1840) to Guangxu Twenty-eight Year Nongyin (1902); at the same time, Jiang Biao's death year is Xianfeng Decade Gengshen (1860) to Guangxu Twenty-five Years Of Jihai (1899), when Guangxu Yuanyi (1875) was only sixteen years old. From this comprehensive point of view, this "Xinyang Zhao Clan Engraving" can only be produced in the "GuangxuJian". The preface to the "Poetry of the State Dynasty" Wu Yifeng is written in the "Jiaqing First Year (1796) Spring and February Shuo Day", but there is no mention of the supplement; the last line of the supplement has the phrase "Nongshen was written on June 2", which should be the seventeenth year of Jiaqing (1812) - these are likely to be the basis for the so-called "Jiaqingjian", but it is not noticed that Zhao Yuanyi was not yet born at that time. And this "Nongshen", if it is understood as the eleventh year of Tongzhi (1872), may lead to the error of the so-called "Tongzhijian"; however, the "Tongzhijian" Jiang Biao is only fifteen years old at most, and naturally he is not qualified to sign the "National Dynasty Poem". As for other items such as the "Artron Art Auction Network" listed in the "Artron Art Auction Network" listed by Beijing Yonghe Jiacheng Auction Co., Ltd. in the autumn of 2014 art auction lot "Guo Dynasty Poems" called "Qing Jiaqing First Year (1796) Xinyang Zhao Yuanyi Publication", it is obviously misled by the self-prologue.

The "Poetry of the National Dynasty" is a special selection of so-called "out-of-command" poets who originally obtained scientific titles or became officials in the Ming Dynasty, and later continued to participate in the imperial examination or become officials in the Qing Dynasty. Its first person is indeed "Peng Shu", a small legend: "The word Liuji, a native of Changshan, Zhejiang." The selected poems are as "forty-six" as noted in the preface catalogue of the whole book, and the main text is divided into thirty-three questions. After being checked topic by topic (some of the titles are abridged or changed), these poems are indeed the works of Qian Qianyi (Mu Zhai Qi, also known as Meng Shuo), which are out of the scope of his "Mu Zhai Beginner's Collection" and "Mu Zhai You Xue Ji". This can be concluded that this "Peng" is Qian Qianyi's pseudonym. And this pseudonym and even the table words, place of origin, everything is intentional about qian qianyi. His surname "Peng" is the legendary Pengzu surname 篯, which is said to be the ancestor of the Qian surname, and the descendants of the Qian surname may have people who call themselves "descendants of the Qian". Its name is "撝", which means modesty. The table character "Liu Ji", or "Qianzhi", not only corresponds to the name, but also has nothing to do with Qian Qianyi's table word "received", for example, there is a saying in the scriptures that "only the auspicious person receives it". The place of origin "Changshan", although it is a county of Zhejiang, is the same as the "Changshu" in Jiangsu, and the pronunciation is close, and it can also be understood as the abbreviation of "Changshu Yushan". Overall, Wu Yifeng's fabrication of "Peng Huan" for Qian Qianyi is undoubtedly after a series of considerations.

The previous quotation of Wang Guowei's text adds one more word of "selection" to the title of the "National Dynasty Poems". Before the above-mentioned "General Catalogue of Ancient Chinese Books" wrote the "National Dynasty Poems" inscription, it just so happened that wu Yifeng's "Selected Ten Volumes of National Dynasty Poems, One Volume of External Compilation" and "Five Volumes of Selected National Dynasty Poems and One Volume of Appendices" (numbered "Collection 60344122" and "Collection 60344123" were collected by the National Library and the Jiaxing City Library in Zhejiang Province. Moreover, the "General Catalogue of Ancient Chinese Books" also includes Wu Yifeng's previous compilation of "Six Volumes of Selected Tang Poems" and "Six Volumes of Selected Poems of Song Jinyuan" (numbered "Collection 60343507" and "Collection of 60342302", the latter belonging to the "genus of the Tong Dynasty"), and the title of the book also has the word "Selection". From this point of view, the title of the "National Dynasty Poems" is likely to be engraved behind Wu Yifeng, so the word "xuan" has been deleted. Although the number of volumes is inconsistent with the various types of books known at present, it cannot be ruled out that it is another manuscript or a certain kind of banknote that was transmitted at that time. The reason for its "Peng" character "Humble" is probably due to the different versions according to it. Of course, some of the similarities and differences belong to the memory error of the kingdom dimension, and such a possibility does not exist.

According to the explanation compiled by the Complete Works of Kingdom Wei, the "Miscellaneous Records of Dongshan" was originally "intermittently serialized in the Shengjing Times sponsored by the Japanese from July 12, 1913 to May 5, 1914", with a total of "seventy-eight articles" (vol. 3, p. 318). At about the same time and a little earlier, the Shanghai "Zhonghua Library" had already typeset and published Sun Jing'an's "Qixia Ge Ye Cheng" in the "twentieth day of the second year of the Republic of China (1913)", and at the beginning of volume 10, there was also a "Wu Ming'an Selected National Dynasty Poetry": "Wu Ming'an Wing (Yi) Feng's Selected National Dynasty Poetry, recently there have been engraved copies, and the portal is slightly larger than Shen Xuan, with positive collections and outer collections. The families of Meng Shuo and Meicun all entered the outer collection. The name of Meng Shu is easy to be 'Peng', the character is 'Liu Ji', which is called 'Zhejiang Changshan People'. Qu Wengshan's name is easily 'Weng Shaolong', the character is 'Saoyu', which is called 'Guangxi Lingui People'. I want to see the secret of the French open at that time. However, although the surname is changed, the poems are still popular among the people. If the name is different, so no one asks, why is it forbidden by the law of China? (Vol. 2, p. 93) The so-called "main collection" and "outer collection" here should refer to the main and outer editions of the "National Dynasty Poems", and the supplement is not mentioned because it is unnecessary. The version on which it is based is clearly an "engraving". In addition to Qian Qianyi, Sun Jing'an also mentioned another relict poet, Qu Dajun (Weng Shan Qi, originally named Shaolong, Yizi Shaoyu, Guangdong Panyu Ren), who was also "changed by his surname", and was the first person to compile the fourth volume of the "National Dynasty Poems", according to the "forty-three poems" annotated in the preface catalogue of the whole book, and the "six poems" were added to the second volume of the supplement. This provides an important reference for us to examine Wu Yifeng's practice.

In the middle of the Qianlong Period, Shen Deqian and others compiled the "Collection of Poetry of the National Dynasty", which was originally crowned with Qian Qianyi. However, the Qianlong Emperor was extremely disgusted with Qian Qianyi's political reversal and ordered it to be deleted, which led to a large-scale banning campaign, and many other works such as Qu Dajun were banned. Wu Yifeng changed Qian Qianyi and Qu Dajun's "change of surname" objectively here. However, the article of the "Miscellaneous Records of Dongshan" thinks that Wu Yifeng's move made Qian Qianyi "behind his back" and "Feng Hascang's "Haiyu Demon Chaos" (the title of the book "Haiyu" or "Yushan", both of which are Changshu aliases) written by the female poet Weng Ruan, who was renamed "Yu Sulan", "Tongke", and "Ridicule and Abuse", but this understanding is too harsh, as if Wu Yifeng was kind and did bad things. According to the preface catalogue of the "Poetry of the National Dynasty", there are only three poets whose total number of selected poems in the whole book has reached more than forty, and wu Weiye (Umemura Qi), the third person in addition to Qian Qianyi and Qu Dajun, is the third person to be edited, with "fifty-one poems" at the top. Wu Yifeng also wrote notes for Wu Weiye's entire poetry collection, which is completely understandable even if he has a preference for Wu Weiye; and for Qian Qianyi and Qu Dajun, Wu Yifeng is more obviously optimistic about his poetic achievements, especially his status in the poetry world, so he tries to find ways to "change his surname and change his name" and risk violating the prohibition to leave a figure for them in the "National Dynasty Poems" and arrange a position. In particular, Qian Qianyi, as originally shown in the "Collection of Poetry of the National Dynasty", not only created the "Yushan Poetry School" in Changshu, but also enjoyed the status of the founding ancestor in the entire history of Qing Dynasty poetry. Wu Yifeng designated him as the first person to be compiled externally, and in the preface and from the preface, he also specially selected the two "Changshan and Loudong" (Loudong is another name for Wu Weiye's hometown of Taicang, Jiangsu, that is, borrowed to refer to Wu Weiye) as representatives of the great poets of the Qing Dynasty, which reflects Wu Yifeng's great attention to Qian Qianyi. Among Wu Weiye, Qu Dajun, and Qian Qianyi, the three poets who have been selected for the most poems, in addition to Wu Weiye's lack of need, there are exactly two people who have been "changed from surname to name" at the same time, which shows that it is completely different from "Yu Sulan". The objective effects produced by Wu Yifeng's move should normally be positive.

However, according to our norms today, Wu Yifeng's move is suspected of "academic fraud". Fortunately, Qian Qianyi and Wu Weiye are among the "Three Greats of Jiang Zuo", and Qu Dajun is one of the "Three Greats of Lingnan", and his fame is already very large; "Poetry of the National Dynasty" is selected for Qian Qianyi and Qu Dajun's poems in large numbers, of which there are many famous passages that are popular and have always been recited by people, so although the author has been "changed by surname", it is still easier for readers to see it. Otherwise, if you believe it to be true and regard "Peng Shu" and "Weng Shaolong" as other real poets, then in the future, when compiling the Quanqing Poems, there may be unexpected errors, unless the works are checked outside the author.

The "Wang Guowei Classic Wencun, Dongshan Miscellaneous Records (Excerpts), Qian Muzhai ( Shanghai University Press, 2003 edition, pp. 293-294) and Wang Guowei Essays , Reading Small Talks , Qian Muzhai ( Shanghai Science and Technology Literature Publishing House , 2013 edition , p. 81 ) are actually the following texts in the Dongshan Miscellaneous Records , "Feng Hascang's 'Haiyu Demon Chaos'" ( but otherwise , both "Peng Shu" are mistaken for "Peng Yu". In this way, the poets of the Qing Dynasty will emerge a new one. The previous quotation of the "Complete Works of Kingdom Dimension" is correct, and from this point it can also be seen that the quality of its collation is high.

Guangming Daily (13th edition, October 14, 2019)