Wang Guowei discussed the issue of the realm expressed in poetry in his "Human Words, Manuscripts, and Three Three", which became an important reference for later generations to evaluate poetry. Wang Guowei's analysis of words is incisive and integrated, and through the analysis of Song Ci's writing techniques, he shows us the great charm of Song Ci.
"The state of having me" and "the state of no self" abandon the position and role of "I" in the word
"The realm of having me" and "the realm of no self" does not depend on whether the work contains the existence of the subject "I", it abandons the position and role of "I" in the word, abandons the subjective object of "I", similar to the "omniscient perspective" in literary writing, and has the "looking down" of everything from top to bottom. However, such "overlook" contains the relationship between "things" and "me" - "I" observe "things" and "things" act on the emotional characteristics and aesthetic categories of "me". This is what Wang Guowei believes is the great achievement of poetry since the Song Dynasty.
The original text of Wang Guowei is as follows: There is a realm of self, and there is a realm of no self. 'Tearful eyes asked the flowers without saying a word, and the red flew over the swing.". "Can be lonely in the spring cold, cuckoo sound in the oblique sun twilight" there is my realm also." "Under the eastern fence of picking chrysanthemums, leisurely see the South Mountain." "The cold waves fade, and the white birds descend." The state of no-self is also the state of me, and the object of view is my view, so everything is my color. In the state of no-self, we look at things in terms of things, so we don't know what is me and what is things. The ancients wrote about the realm of self, but they could not write about the realm of no-self before they began. This can be self-proclaimed in the haojie people.
'Tearful eyes asked the flowers without saying a word, and the red flew over the swing.". "Can be lonely in the spring cold, cuckoo sound in the oblique sun twilight" is the expression of "there is my realm", respectively from Ouyang Xiu's "Butterfly Love Flower" and Qin Guan's "TaSha Xing", the artistic conception of the word contains the author's expression of "flower" and "swing" with emotional sustenance, with a certain subjective color and emotion. "Flower" contains the author's lovesickness, and the "swing" has aroused the author's memories and thoughts, so that the objective "thing" pins on people's feelings.
"Under the eastern fence of picking chrysanthemums, leisurely see the South Mountain." "The cold waves fade, and the white birds descend." They are from Tao Yuanming's "Drinking" and Yuan Haowen's "Yingting Liu Farewell". This is the type of poem that Wang Guowei most reveres as the "realm of no self". In Wang Guowei's view, this type of poetry is the compatibility and transformation of "things" and "me", reaching the fusion of the author and the physical objects described, which Wang believes is a symbol of the lyrical level of the poet.
A man asked the Buddha's disciples: Is the Buddha's passing away and he continues to exist? Or does it no longer exist? Is it simultaneous or non-existent? Or will it not continue to exist and will not cease to exist? The Buddha's disciples asked the Buddha for answers with questions, and the Buddha said that none of the above questions were correct. The Buddha used the lotus flower as an analogy, the lotus in the lotus pond is a combination of sunshine, air, water, mud, lotus seeds, with these components, there is a lotus; without a combined component, there is no lotus, the lotus does not exist independently, the lotus exists dependent on causes. The Buddha said that he, like the lotus, also produced "as it is" and "as it is" disappeared. More accurate expressions are "from nowhere" and "the one who goes nowhere.".
The emotions expressed by the poet are expressed in the poems, and it is not clear whether to describe "things" or express "me". Tao Yuanming's "Drinking" in "Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan" can best represent the characteristics of this type of work, it seems that some people's behavior is expressed, but more in the state of "no heart" and otherworldliness, the spontaneous outpouring of temperament, "Nanshan" is not the Nanshan of things, it is the "heart" to "far away" imitation and destination in poetry.