After the victory of the Wuchang Uprising in October 1911, the thirteen southern provinces declared independence one after another, and the revolutionary program of the League was "expelling the Tartars and restoring China", and the Tsarist Russia, which had long coveted Mongolia, used the phrase "expelling the Tartars" to instigate the living Buddhas and princes of Outer Mongolia to break away from China.
Xinhai Revolution, Wuchang Uprising.
In 1912, the Black Lama, the military leader of Outer Mongolia, led by the Outer Mongolian army equipped with Russian weapons, attacked China's Kobdo and threatened the Altai region of Xinjiang, which is the gateway to the northwest of China and is dependent on Kobdo.
A multi-faceted figure, a Tibetan occult living Buddha plus Mongolian nobleman, invaded Xinjiang and sought to break away from Russian rule in Outer Mongolia, and was killed by the Russian "Cheka".
In 1905, Japan and Russia went to war in the northeast of our country, the Russian army was defeated, retreated back to Central Asia, and began to plan to annex Xinjiang, in 1906, Yuan Shikai, who had experienced diplomatic occasions, noticed the important role of Altai in the northwest and Xinjiang, and divided Kobdo and Altai.
Map of The Kobdo, Altai Junction
Kobdo is the birthplace of Western Mongolia, in the early years of the Qing Dynasty, Kaldan raised troops from Kebudo to attack the southern steppe of The Qing Kangxi Emperor Marched on Kaldan, after more than 70 years of conquest by his ancestors and grandsons, only to exterminate the Gardan aristocratic forces, incorporate the territory of Kebdo and Kaldan into the territory of the Qing Dynasty, and open up a military station road from Zhangjiakou to Kebdo.
After the Xinhai Revolution, the Dihua, Ili and Kashgar uprisings broke out in Xinjiang, and in January 1912, Yang Miaoxu, a Qing army officer who returned to China after staying in Japan, launched the Ili Uprising, killed the Qing Dynasty Ili general Zhirui, scared away the Xinjiang governor Yuan Dahua, Yuan Dahua ran to the capital, recommended Yang Zengxin to Yuan Shikai, and history chose Yang Zengxin as the governor and overseer of Xinjiang.
Yuan Shikai and Yang Zengxin had long been friends with each other, and in 1908 Yang Zengxin entered Beijing to report for duty, yuan shikai introduced Yang Zengxin to the two palaces and the emperor, and prepared to leave Yang Zengxin in the capital to serve, Cixi said: The country is difficult to think of good ministers, Yang Zengxin such a ruling minister, it is a pity to put it in the central government, with the military aircraft minister's record, sent To Xinjiang Dihua Daoyin and Xinjiang Zhisi."
In May 1912, taking advantage of the confrontation between the two governors of one province and two governors in Xinjiang, under the pretext of protecting the Russian consulates and Russian merchants and Russian overseas Chinese in Ili, russia sent a cossack horse team of more than 200 people to enter from Khorgosnikanka and enter Ningyuan Erinbak, and another 500 Russian infantrymen, carrying 4 cannons, were stationed in Ili, and heavy troops were stationed at the border to complete the layout of the invasion of Xinjiang.
When Yang Zengxin took office, he faced many difficult problems, first of all, Yang Yixu of the League declared a republic and established the new Yidu Governorate of Ili; second, the Outer Mongolian army, at the instigation of Tsarist Russia, attacked Kobudo and threatened Altai; third, the official malpractice and civil affairs left by his predecessor, as well as a series of problems such as ethnic contradictions and brotherhoods in the military camp.
The main problem was that there was no silver, and the Qing Dynasty governed Xinjiang by relying on "co-pays", that is, a sum of money to increase the income of rich provinces on the southeast coast, which was used to pay salaries and military salaries of Xinjiang officials.
In the situation of troop strength, grain, and political division, Yang Zengxin will already plan a good strategy for governing Xinjiang and implement it by tough means, Yang Zengxin knows that the advance of the Outer Mongolian army can be built as a fortress, and then step by step, to recover Kobdo, and the 500 Tsarist Russian troops in Ili are the main opponents.
After the establishment of Xinjiang province, there has always been an unclear situation of military and civil administration authority, and the power centers are scattered in the four cities of Ili, Altai, Kashgar and Dihua, and the four cities stand on an equal footing, without affiliation, but only geopolitically, economically, and traditionally politically linked and dependent on each other.
The first thing to be solved is not the division of powers by the Ili Revolutionary Party, but the westward march of the Outer Mongolian army, which upholds the will of Tsarist Russia, occupies Kobdo, and then threatens Altai and the whole of Xinjiang.
Initially, Yuan Shikai instructed Yannian, counselor of Kobdo, who was staying in Altai, to coordinate matters related to the kobdo war, and Yannian sent a telegram at the beginning of Yang Zengxin's reinforcement of the section; "The aid team returns to the ancient city of Za, and after I arrive in the section, I will fly a telegram to give advice, so as to set the line," but Yang Zengxin's army has moved, only forward.
Yang Zengxin analyzed the situation, Kobdo was in a precarious situation, Altai should make defensive preparations, strictly ordered Yan Baoqing and Shi Youmabu two battalions to quickly pull out, at this time, Kobdo had been besieged for 25 days, one night, the Outer Mongolian army suddenly pounced vigorously, the city of Kobu was attacked, the officials and people were slaughtered, the Mongolian Commander-in-Chief was allowed to hand over the Imperial Seal Letter weapons, and General Purun was taken hostage.
Yang Zengxin said in the chase: "Kecheng was lost, Counselor Pu fell into the thief, and was held hostage and could not take itself, while Counselor Yan was afraid to move forward,...... Until the fall of Kecheng, there was no news of departure, which was really cowardly and incompetent, and it was difficult to deal with military affairs. ”
In September 1912, the Outer Mongolian army occupied the Saksai region of Kobdo and the Altai Ulyan Sea, and Yuan Shikai reached an armistice with Tsarist Russia, but the Outer Mongolian army reneged on its promise and continued to advance westward, and the Altai was in danger.
Yang Zengxin and Wang Peilan, who had a heavy army, discussed reinforcements, Wang Peilan was a concubine of the predecessor Yuan Dahua, and cooperated passively, Yang Zengxin exercised the duties of governor of the capital, removed Wang Peilan from his post, and his close confidant Jiang Songlin took over Wang Peilan's troops.
Yang Zengxin's reinforcement troops, under the command of Zhang Jian and Jiang Songlin, arrived in TsakhanTunggu in October 1912, and they took Yang Zengxin's instructions to build forts and advance step by step, while the commander of the Outer Mongolian army, the Black Lama, was anxious to open the passage to the Altai and exchanged fire between the two sides of TsakhanTunggu, and the Outer Mongolian army launched two attacks successively, both of which were defeated by the Xinjiang champion, and due to the fear of rear-line supply and Tsarist interference, the Xinjiang defenders did not counterattack to expand the results.
At this time, the revolutionary army of Ili who supported Altai, because of the mutiny with Prince Pa due to grain and wages, Ma Tengyun, the commander of the Ili detachment of the revolutionary army, wanted to lead the team back to Hubei, Yang Zengxin: "Changes are still frequent, sleeping on the bed, sitting and getting old." Yang Zengxin was embarrassed, the revolutionary army was not his army, so he had to come forward to comfort: "Xinjiang is at a critical juncture, everyone needs to fight against the Mongolian bandits, with the national righteousness as the most important", and properly resolved the problem.
What Yang Zengxin did not expect was that the Altai garrison mutinied due to insufficient military pay, occupied the Office of the Governor of Altai, telegraphed the whole country to declare "independence", the whole country was shocked, Yang Zengxin ordered to supplement Yin Zhou Wuxue, rushed to Altai to appease the rebels, Zhou Wuxue in the name of going out to discuss matters, the mutiny mind was trapped, executed on the spot, and decisively put down the Altai Mutiny.
When Yang Zengxin was in power under Yuan Dahua, in 1910, Tian Xinian, the commander of the Qing Army's horse brigade, shot and killed a soldier with the status of the Brotherhood of brothers, and the head of the Brotherhood, Gao Sheng, gathered the crowd to make trouble, set fire to the shops around Dihua Cross Street to the South Gate, and the Jin merchants, Shaanxi merchants, Tianjin merchants and Hui merchants suffered heavy losses and ruined the century-old prosperity.
In Dihua City, where commerce withered, chambers of commerce appealed, and officials prevaricated, Yang Zengxin used the principle of "compensation for business losses and official compensation" to pre-allocate funds to solve the livelihood of citizens and the tide of exchange, and tried to get merchants back to business, so that the military operations to support Kobdo and defend Altai were guaranteed.
During the Xinhai Revolution, Yuan Dahua abandoned Wang Peilan and fled to Beijing, and after Yang Zengxin took over Xinjiang, he sent Zhang Tingcai, who knew Uighur language, to post government notices in Uighur and Chinese throughout Hami, and informed all localities, armistice and strike, and all peaceful deliberations were settled.
Yang Zengxin said to the leaders of Wei, Ha, and Meng, as well as the helmsman of the Han family brothers: "The Uighur compatriots, first suffered from the enlistment of Prince Sha, and then suffered from the fengdi of Yuan Qiandu, and every time the governor thought about it, he was heartbroken, and the frontier crisis ,...... The official office sent someone to comfort and surrender. He personally wrote the "Document on The Handling of The Rebellion and Surrender of Weapons in Hami" and erected a monument as proof.
In November 1913, Yuan Shikai and the Russians signed the "Sino-Russian Declaration Document" in Beijing, and the Tsarist Russia finally recognized that the Altai region did not belong to the jurisdiction of Outer Mongolia, so that from the legal provisions, it was determined that the Altai belonged to Xinjiang, China, and the Outer Mongolian government could not occupy the Altai region of Xinjiang, and the two sides withdrew their armistice.
Now Kobdo is divided into four parts, most of which belong to Mongolia, part to the Russian Republic of Tuba, and part to the Republic of Kazakhstan, and the most beautiful and richest Altai of Kobdo belongs to Xinjiang, China.
Family life in Xinjiang
The Altay Mountains are very beautiful and are china's famous tourist scenic spots, kanas scenic spots are China's AAAAA tourist scenic spots, Burjin Wucaitan is China's AAAA-level tourist scenic spots, and Karamay is China's high-quality oil base.
Schematic map of kanas scenic area
In July 1928, Yang Zengxin was stabbed to death, which is still a mystery, at that time, Yang Zengxin summoned his subordinates to discuss, ready to send a telegram to recognize the Nanjing government and complete the great cause of China's reunification, fan Yaonan, the director of the Military Affairs Department, was suspicious and fearful because he was not in the list of being summoned for discussion, and assassinated Yang Zengxin on the spot, and Fan Yaonan was cut off by Jin Shuren on the spot, and was in a state of punishment, why cut off his tongue? Some people say that it is related to the political leaders of the Northwest Army, which is really a mystery and a mystery, and there are twists and turns.
Jin Shuren, wearing sunglasses, and a personal guard summoned from his hometown in Gansu
In the spring of 1929, Yang Zengxin's coffin was transported to Siberia on a false road and transported to the foot of the Changping Great Wall in Beijing for burial, the historical storm has passed, Yang Zengxin in order to defend Xinjiang, defend the territorial integrity of the motherland's borders, and make great contributions to Xinjiang, record the annals of history, Xinjiang owes Yang Zengxin a monumental statue.