The textbook's annotation of "ploughing in Nanyang" as Nanyang County in the Eastern Han Dynasty is contrary to the historical origin record and contradicts the personal testimony of Zhuge Liang, the party concerned.
Textbook Notes: Nanyang, county name, present-day northern Hubei, southern Henan - the territory of Nanyang County in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Why do I think that nanyang, which is "ploughing in Nanyang", refers to zhiwan county (also known as Nanyang) in the Three Kingdoms?
This was decided by the county system of the Qin, the Two Han Dynasties, and the Three Kingdoms, and its administrative division geography and place of origin were basically expressed in "counties", and the precise location was located in "counties".
Let's look at the historical evolution of Nanyang and speculate on it with historical evidence.
First, the historical source of Nanyang: Nanyang, Nanyang, which began in the Spring and Autumn Warring States, was ancient and innate, and was used by history.
1. Before Qin placed Nanyang County and Nan County, it was called Nanyang:
a. The "Records of History" has "Nanyang Xitong Wuguan".
b. "Before the Wankong clan, Liang Ren also used iron smelting as his business. Qin Fa Wei, Qian Kong clan in Nanyang", this is the earliest record of Wan also known as Nanyang.
c. The Chronicle of History: "Twenty-six years, forgive the sinners and move them."
"Twenty-seven years, mistakenly attacking Chu, pardoning sinners and moving to Nanyang."
"In the twenty-eighth year, Da Liangzao bai attacked Chu and took Yan, Deng and other forgiven sinners and relocated them"
Qin seized Chu, first taking Yong and Nanyang, and then Yan and Deng, from west to east and south, with geographical names juxtaposed and clear order.
2. The name Nanyang is its original name and has been inherited by history.
a. The Geography of the Book of the Later Han Dynasty records that "Wan, so Shen Boguo, Mang Yue Nanyang" - Wan County, was renamed Nanyang County during the time of Wang Mang.
b. The book "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" written by the new wild man Fan Ye confirms Nanyang.
1) In June of the fourth year, the Han Dynasty raised troops from Nanyang to Kunyang - Liu Xiu raised troops from Wancheng (Nanyang) to Kunyang.
2) The Book of the Later Han Dynasty has "Ju attacked Nanyang and slashed the former team doctor Zhen Fu", and the "Nanyang" here undoubtedly refers to Wancheng.
3) The Book of Later Han and Astronomical Records records that:
"(Yanguang) Four years (125) March Ding Di, Emperor An patrolled, from Nanyang, Dao Sleep Disease, to Ye, Collapse." The Nanyang that "returns from Nanyang" here is undoubtedly the guide to yang county zhiwan city. Because the same event is recorded in the Book of Later Han in the Records of Emperor Xiao'an: "In the third month of the fifth month, there is an eclipse of the sun." Gengshen, Xingwan, Emperor Buyun... Ugly, self-righteous. Ding Di, Xingye, Emperor Collapse Yu Yu, Chinese New Year's Eve two. ”
c. Sima Guang's Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 42, also contains a record of the Guangwu Emperor Liu Xiu's "Xing Nanyang": (Jianwu) Eleventh Year (Yi Wei, 35) Spring, March, Ji You, (Guangwu) Emperor Xing Nanyang, [Kao Yi Yue: Emperor Ji: "己酉, 幸 Nanyang, 庚午, Cha Cha Hui Palace.") There is "February Self-Death" on it. Yuan Ji: "March self-unitary, fortunate Nanyang." In the long calendar examination, February NongShen Shuo, he died eight days also. Hexa unitary, Gengwu, both in March. The Gedi period "己酉" is inscribed with the word "March". Now from Yuan Ji. ] Also fortunate Zhang Ling; Gengwu, the car driver is still in the palace.
The Zizhi Tongjian clearly shows that the Guangwu Emperor "Xing Nanyang" was also "Xingzhang Ling". Shizhangling is a county of Nanyang County, not Zhangling County. Sima Guang juxtaposed "Nanyang" with "Zhangling", referring to these two places, so there is no doubt that this Guangwu Emperor's "Xing Nanyang" also refers to Junzhiwan County.
d. The author of the "Spring and Autumn of the Han Dynasty" Xi Chiseled Teeth, and his "Xiangyang Record" "Le Zhai Shu, Ninety Miles South of Nanyang City" - confirming that Nanyang City is Wancheng.
The "Nanyang" of the above historical materials has a common feature, that is, the common place of occurrence recorded by many historical events.
The place of this incident is in Guwan, also from Qin Zhiwan County, Nanyang County, the two Han Dynasties, or Nanyang County, wancheng, and its name is also Nanyang.
Second, the Nanyang in Zhuge Liang's eyes
1) In the seventeenth year of Jian'an (212 AD), when Zhuge Liang entered Shu from Yichang, he passed through the Huangniu Temple to repair and chiseled a stone stele to record that "the servants cultivated in the acres of Nanyang, and then the Liu clan Gu Caolu ..."
2) In 227, Zhuge Liang Shangshu's "Table of Teachers" confirmed: Today's next three points - Chenben cloth, ploughing in Nanyang.
3), in 228 AD, Zhuge Liang's book "Table of Teachers", also known as "Table of Later Teachers".
Original text: Cao Cao's wisdom and strategy, special 6, his use of troops, as if Sun and Wu, are trapped in Nanyang, dangerous in Wuchao, dangerous in Qilian, forced on Liyang, several defeats in the Northern Mountains, death in Tongguan, and then falsely fixed for a while. The subject is weak, and if he wants to be determined by not being in danger, the minister's unsolved three also.
Translation: Cao Cao's intelligent strategy far exceeded that of others, he used troops like Sun Wu and Wu Qi, but he was embarrassed in Nanyang, encountered danger in Wuchao, suffered hardships at Qishan, was trapped by the enemy in Liyang, almost defeated at Beishan, almost died in Tongguan, and then had to take the title of the country for a while. Moreover, the subordinates are inferior in ability, and they want to calm the world without taking hardships and dangers, which is the third point that the subordinates cannot understand. Zhang Xiu was in Nanyang, and Liu Biao made Zhang Xiu's garrison at Wancheng become Liu Biao's northern fan. Cao Cao's three crusades against Wancheng Zhang Xiu failed, and he attacked it more than nian, so the "Table of Later Masters" said: Cao "trapped in Nanyang", which actually refers to Cao Cao's trapped in The Nanyang County's Wancheng Zhang Xiu.
4) Zhuge Liang recognized Chen Zhen as the Nanyang Township Party.
Chen Zhen, Li Yan, etc., a native of Nanyang, refers to the Three Kingdoms of Nanyang County, Zhiwan County.
The township party is from the "Three Kingdoms Chronicle Volume 39", when 231 AD: In the ninth year of Jianxing, the capital protected Li Ping to sit and slander; Zhuge Liang, the long history Jiang Wan, and the attendant Dong Yunshu said: "Before filial piety came to Wu, I said that there were scales and armor in the belly of the square, and the township party thought it was unapproachable. I think that the scaled armor is not the ear of the offender, and does not try to repeat the things of Su and Zhang out of inconspicuous. Filial piety may be known. ”
The meaning of this passage: In the ninth year of Jianxing (231), Li Ping was deposed as a commoner because of his false accusations against Zhuge Liang, and Zhuge Liang's letter to the changshi Jiang Huan and the attendant Dong Yun said: "When Xiao Qi went to the State of Wu the year before, he told me that Li Ping had a lot of cunning in his belly, and his fellow villagers in Nanyang thought that he was inaccessible. I thought that someone with such a cunning heart would not provoke him, and I did not expect that he would be as pitted as Su Qin and Zhang Yi, which was unexpected. This should be known to Xiao Qi. ”
5), In 234 AD, Zhuge Liang's "Book of Sending Sons" Yun: Yu Zi (Nanyang) Longzhong Structure Caolu under Wollongong to cultivate crops.
On November 12, 2016, CCTV 1 set of "I Have Heirlooms" broadcast the heirloom --- "Zhuge Clan Genealogy" displayed by Mr. Zhuge Hui of Zhuge Village, and at the same time displayed a pamphlet "Lanxi Zhuge A Brief History", which contained a letter written by Zhuge Liang to his son Zhuge Zhan on his deathbed, "Wuhou Gong Wuzhangyuan August Shuo Day Sending Son "Zhan"", the letter is as follows:
Zhuge Liang identified the "cultivation in Nanyang" as located in Wollongong, Longzhong, Zhiwan County, Nanyang County, Three Kingdoms - Nanyang, that is, Zhiwan County, Nanyang County, Three Kingdoms, which is also known as Nanyang.
3. Nanyang in Chen Shou's eyes:
1) "Zhang Xiu in Nanyang" - Liu Biao made Zhang Xiu garrison Wancheng (Nanyang County, Wancheng is also known as Nanyang).
2) "Sun Jianbi to Nanyang" - Sun Jianbi to Nanyang County's city of Wancheng (also known as Nanyang), killing the county shou Zhangzhi.
3), "Yuan Shu out of Nanyang" - Yuan Shu evaded Dong Zhuo's harm, and after Sun Jian killed Nanyang County's Shou Zhang, Yuan Shu went out of Nanyang (Wancheng) and occupied Wancheng, so it was also known as "Yuan Shu Tun Nanyang" (Nanyang County Zhiwan County, Nanyang County, Wancheng, both known as Nanyang).
4) Chen Shou: Deng Ai, Yiyang Zhiyang people; Wei Yan, Yiyang people - Chen Shou defines the Three Kingdoms Nanyang County north of Xinye County, Yiyang County, and the Three Kingdoms period Yiyang County is defined north of Xiangyang County, between Nanyang County and Nanyang County.
5), Chen Shou: Ma Liang, Xiangyang Yicheng people; Liao Hua, Xiangyang Zhonglu people; Yang Yi, Xiangyang people; Pang Tong, Xiangyang people - Chen Shou confirmed the Three Kingdoms Xiangyang County, Xiangyang County across the Han River jurisdiction of the Han River north of the County, Dengcheng County, Shandu County.
6) Nanyang people in the Shu Han dynasty:
Chen Zhenzi filial piety, Nanyang people also.
Lü Qi character Jiyang, Nanyang people also. Lü Ya, word unknown, Nanyang people. Shu Han Shangshu made Lü Qi's second son. Lü Chen (吕辰), a Shu Han official during the Three Kingdoms period and an official to Chengdu Ling, was the son of Lü Qi ( Lü Qi) of Shu Han Shangshu Ling.
Li Yanzi square, Nanyang people also.
Zhang Cun (?-214), courtesy name Ren, was a native of Nanyang who excelled in planning and Zang Shiren.
Du Qi, a native of Nanyang, was a chancellor of the Shu Han Dynasty.
Xu Ci, Zi Ren Du, Nanyang people.
Huang Zhongzi Hansheng, Nanyang people also.
Wang Lianzi Wenyi, Nanyang people also.
Wang Shan, a native of Nanyang, son of Wang Lian, succeeded to the marquisate of Pingyang Pavilion after Wang Lian's death, and was promoted to Jiangyang Taishou.
According to the above historical records, it can be seen that the "Nanyang" in Zhuge Liang's mind and the "Nanyang" in Chen Shou's mind are one place, and they confirm each other, which is the Three Kingdoms Nanyang County Zhiwan County, which is also known as Nanyang.
Collecting the above historical materials, we can see clearly:
The historical context of Nanyang (Wanyi).
1. (Spring and Autumn Warring States) Wanyi name Nanyang.
2. Qin set Nanyang County Zhiwan County (Nanyang County, Also known as Nanyang County).
3. The two Han Dynasties Nanyang County Zhiwan County (Nanyang County, Nanyang County, Also known as Nanyang).
4. When Wang Mang was named Nanyang County, also known as Nanyang.
5. Three Kingdoms Nanyang County Zhiwan County (Nanyang County, Also known as Nanyang).
6. During the Two Jin Dynasties, the State of Nanyang (治 Nanyang City) governed Wan, which was also known as Nanyang... During the Sui and Tang dynasties, Nanyang County, also known as Wan, was also known as Nanyang.
Like the name Nanyang, the territory of the Shen Bo Kingdom, from the Spring and Autumn Warring States, Qin, the Two Han Dynasties, the Three Kingdoms, the Two Jin... As for Nanyang County during the Sui and Tang dynasties, the size of this territory has never changed:
The names of Wan and Nanyang have been used interchangeably in different periods of history, but the traditional name of Nanyang has never changed under the records of historical documents.
To put it simply, Nanyang County, The Two Han Dynasties, and the Three Kingdoms of Qin, and the county rule Wan county (Wancheng).
Nanyang County - simplified name Nanyang
Nanyang County, Zhiwan County- also known as Nanyang
Nanyang County, The city of Wancheng - also known as Nanyang
Nanyang County - simplified name Nanyang
Wan - also known as Nanyang, Nanyang - can also be called Wan
Nanyang County- can be specifically referred to as "Nanyang County City Wancheng"
From the above historical records, we can see very clearly that these names can be used alternately under different lexical environments.
"Nanyang" and "Wan", why does this special phenomenon of recording and expression occur?
This is the use of the "county system" since the Qin Dynasty, and this special name will occur when the county has the same name and the same rule.
Case Chen Shou: Ma Liang, Xiangyang Yicheng people; Liao Hua, Xiangyang Zhonglu people; Yang Yi, Xiangyang people; Pang Tong, Xiangyang people.
Yang Yi, Pang Tong, Xiangyang people, that is, Xiangyang County, Xiangyang County, Three Kingdoms, because the Three Kingdoms Xiangyang County Tongzhi, so referred to as Xiangyang people.
The use of the "county system" is manifested in the historical geography or the origin of the characters in the first four histories, which basically uses "county" to express it, that is, it is finally accurately positioned on the "county". Case Chen Shou: Ma Liang, Xiangyang Yicheng people; Liao Hua, Xiangyang Zhonglu people. Deng Ai, Yiyang Zhiyang. ......
In the same way, the Nanyang people in the Shu Han regime:
These Nanyang people should also guide the people of Zhiwan County, Yang County.
"Han Jin Spring and Autumn" said: Liangjia in Nanyang's Deng County in Xiangyang City west of twenty miles, the number of Longzhong" - Mr. Xi Chisel also accurately positioned the "Liang family" to "county".
Extrapolating from this theory, how can the Nanyang of the Three Kingdoms Zhuge Liang's "ploughing in Nanyang" mentioned in 227 AD be discussed with "Nanyang County of the Eastern Han Dynasty"? What about the textbook "Nanyang County of the Eastern Han Dynasty" to annotate?
Nanyang of "Ploughing in Nanyang" refers to Zhiwan County, Nanyang County, Three Kingdoms, which is also known as Nanyang.
Therefore, the textbook notes that "Nanyang, the name of the county, in the northern part of Hubei and the southern part of Henan", obviously violates the historical record of the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", violates the party Zhuge Liang's own identification with the territory division of the three kingdoms and the status quo of the county division of the "three points today", and violates Zhuge Liang's identification of "cultivating in Nanyang", that is, the Three Kingdoms Nanyang County Zhiwan County (also known as Nanyang).
Resources:
The historical source of cultivating Nanyang- the "Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Zhi, Zhuge Liang" contains: Liang Gong cultivated Longmu, so as "Liang Father Yin". (Liang) was disturbed by the end of the Han Dynasty, and followed his uncle to avoid chaos in Jingzhou, and cultivated in the wild, not seeking to reach.
In 227 AD, Zhuge Liang himself identified "three points under today", "ploughing in Nanyang", and "Jucaolu".
In 207 AD, Zhuge Liang was not yet out of the woods, that is, the strategy of dividing the world into three parts ("Caolu Pair").
In 227 AD, zhuge liang's "Table of Renunciation" opened the volume to confirm the historical and geographical identification of the current situation of the three kingdoms of "today's lower three points", rather than the administrative division of the Eastern Han Dynasty, which is the historical geographical background of Zhuge Liang's Shangshu "Table of Renunciation".
Case Chen Shou's writings "Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Zhuge Liang's biography of the "Table of The Master" said: Five years, leading the armies to the north stationed in Hanzhong, Linfa, Shangshu: The first emperor did not start a business and the middle road collapsed, today under the three points, Yizhou is tired, this sincere autumn of critical survival ...
The subjects are clothed, ploughing in Nanyang, and spending their lives in the chaotic world, not seeking to reach the princes. The former emperor did not despise his subjects and humiliated himself, and the three ministers were in the grass, and the courtiers were grateful for the affairs of the world, so they allowed the former emperor to drive away. After the fall, when he was appointed to the defeated army, he was ordered to be in danger, and he came for twenty years...
In 227 AD, Zhuge Liang's "Table of Teachers" recognized the division of the territory of the three kingdoms and the geographical status of counties and counties, which determined the geographical coordinates of his "ploughing in Nanyang".
Because Zhuge Liang in 227 preferred the county division and name that matched the coordinates of his "ploughing land" to state his life deeds of "ploughing the land" 21 years ago.
Zhuge Liang identified Nanyang under the current situation of the three kingdoms of the three kingdoms, which was determined by the geography of the county division administrative district under the current situation of the actual existence of the "Three Points of the Three Divisions" in the "Table of Teachers".
Zhuge Liang's cultivation of Nanyang is 21 years ago when the Three Kingdoms of Nanyang was recognized by the reality and the status quo, which is the name of the county that matches its landmark of "Cultivating Ridges"; not the Nanyang County of the Eastern Han Dynasty 21 years ago, when the Three Kingdoms were established in 227 and when the "Three Divisions of the World" were no longer called "Nanyang".
This is 21 years ago in Nanyang under the actual status quo, if 21 years ago, "Gong Geng Lang Mu" did not match the current status quo of Nanyang coordinates in 227 AD, Zhuge Liang would of course choose other county names that matched the "Gong Geng Long Mu", rather than the only place that called Nanyang in 227, that is, Nanyang County of the Three Kingdoms.
Entering the Three Kingdoms, Cao Wei Jingzhou, the seat of the prefecture is Yiyang County, Xinye, under the jurisdiction of Nanyang County, Jiangxia County (north of the Yangtze River), Xiangyang County, Nanxiang County, Xincheng County, Shangyong County, Weixing County and a total of eight counties.
Sun Wu Jingzhou (孙吴荆州), whose seat of government was in Jiangling, Nan County, had jurisdiction over a total of eleven counties, including Nan County, Jiangxia County (south of the Yangtze River), Changsha County, Xiangdong County, Guiyang County, Linhe County, Lingling County, Hengyang County, Wuling County, Jianping County, and Yidu County.
As a result, the territory of the Three Kingdoms appeared in a temporary stable state, which is the territorial division formed by Zhuge Liang's "three divisions today" in 227 AD, and the current situation under the division of counties and counties.
Therefore, the status quo of the Three Kingdoms that Zhuge Liang agrees to in the "Three Divisions Today" is the state in which Wei Wu divided Jingzhou after the defeat of Guan Yu's Northern Expedition and the defeat of Liu Bei's yiling soldiers, which is the historical geographical landmark that interprets his "subjects are clothed and ploughed in Nanyang".
As a Three Kingdoms military warrior Zhuge Liang, he should be very clear about the changes in "Wei Wu divides Jingzhou: Wei Zhi Jingzhou Eight Counties, Zhou Zhi Yiyang County Xinye; Wu Zhi Jingzhou 11 Counties, Zhou Zhi Nan County Jiangling" these changes are very clear. "