Hong Liangji (1746 ~ 1809), courtesy name Liji, Zijunzhi, Beijiang, ancestral home of Shexian County, Anhui, grandfather married the daughter of Zhao Xiongzhao, the forty-eighth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, and settled in Yanghu, Jiangsu (present-day Changzhou, Jiangsu). He was born into a family of bureaucrats and scholars, his great-grandfather was the prefect of Datong, Shanxi, his grandfather was Lizhou Tongzhi, and his father was also a guozi supervisor. Hong Liangji lost his father at an early age, studied hard under the education of his mother and other elders, and was known for his elaborate words, especially good at public opinion. He was friendly with Tongli Huang Jingren and Sun Xingyan, and was appreciated by Yuan Ming and Jiang Shiquan, and was determined to take the road of becoming an official. However, after many years of repeated unsuccessful attempts, he successively filled the shogunates such as Zhu Yun, the governor of Anhui Province, and Bi Yuan, the inspector of Shaanxi.
In the fifty-fifth year of Qianlong (1790), the 44-year-old Hong Liangji became the second high school scholar of the first class, and was appointed as the editor of the Hanlin Academy and the compiler of the National History Museum. In the fifty-seventh year of Qianlong (1792), he served as the examiner of the Shuntianfu Township Examination, and later supervised the study and administration of Guizhou, and during his tenure, he purchased books on the classics, history, general classics, and anthology of literature for the academies of Guizhou provinces, thus improving the academic level of Guizhou. In the first year of Jiaqing (1795), he returned to Beijing and entered the Zhishang Study, where he taught the Crown Prince and His Grandson to read, which was particularly important in the inner court. In the third year of Jiaqing (1798), Hanlin and Zhan Shi were examined on the theme of enlisting cult neglect, and Hong Liangji wrote an article, trying to chen thousands of words of internal and external maladministration, which was taboo at the time, and resigned from his brother's funeral and returned to his hometown. In February of the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), Hongli died, Hong Liangji accompanied the class to cry, and in April he was sent as a repair officer of the Shilu Pavilion to participate in the compilation and revision of the Records of Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty. In the same year, he wrote a book entitled "Beggars will be returned to the Prince of Cheng's Extreme Speech and Political Revelation", which bluntly said the shortcomings of the government, fierce rhetoric, and did not avoid the sharp edge: "Talent is exhausted today." For decades, with ambiguity as a matter of understanding, weakness as a good plan, drilling camp as a step forward, and scoring as a measure to serve officials, all those who have suffered have gone away as they want, and they have been bound by the mantle and cannot be solved... The scholar gradually disregarded the shame...". He recalled the past and his words were indignant, pointing out that the root cause of the corruption of the social atmosphere lay in the corruption of the imperial court. It is proposed to use strict law and discipline to make officials rule and the people happy, and to reverse the social atmosphere with leniency. Although he was loyal, Jiaqing was not offended by him, and his fierce words angered shengshang, and on the same day, he ordered him to be dismissed from his post and severely tried, and it was agreed that he would be charged with "great disrespect" and punished by "beheading".
Jiaqing then issued an edict: "Hong Liangji was spared death from leniency, sent to Ili, and strictly disciplined." On the road the next day, the army of Ili (present-day Huiyuan Ancient City, Huocheng County, Xinjiang) was handed over to the Ili general Bao Ning for strict control. In order to distinguish it from the "frequent criminals" of felonies sent to Xinjiang by the Qing court in the same period, the Qing court gave preferential treatment to officials. The "Ministry of Punishment for The Canonical Cases of the Great Qing Dynasty" stipulates: "Former officials can unload their torture equipment, ride with them, accompany them, or they do not have to be restricted to prison, and they are allowed to travel along the way." Hong Liangji unloaded his torture apparatus when he was released from prison on August 28, 1944, and was dispatched by the Vehicle Driving Department of the Military Department. "It exudes the feeling of seeing the truth in the tribulation. According to the theory, all expenses along the way must be "self-funded", which creates a certain economic burden on the exiled officials. Hong Liangji traveled in a hurry, the carriages and horses were out of the luggage, the in-laws Cui Jingyu and others rushed to raise funds for it, and the head of the household department of "Mr. Su did not know Mr. Cheng", thinking that the house coupon quality silver three hundred and two for Mr. Xiao Ran, the capital axe was often lacking. In general, the Qing court did not have special control over the demobilization of wasted personnel sent to Xinjiang along the route, and the demobilized personnel themselves were free to move and could arrange their itineraries according to their own needs. But even if you are driven by sin, what you feel along the way must be different from ordinary travel.
Hong Liangji passed through Baoding, Yuelu, Shanxi, Shanxi, Xi'an, Gansu Zhangye, and Suzhou, and although they were dispatched for crimes, officials or acquaintances along the way greeted and received them, and their food, accommodation, and carriages were thorough. In the territory directly under the jurisdiction, Qingyuan County ordered Li Jingmei to feed him travel expenses and food; Jiang Rongchang, the prefect of Huozhou in Shanxi Province, invited him to stay at the prefectural office, and the prefects of Pingyang, Miao Jin, and Linfen Zhi County personally visited, and went to Shaanxi, because Hong Liangji had served in the Biyuan shogunate in Xi'an, "old friends greeted him a lot, and there were many silver and cold clothes and dry food." When he arrived in Lanzhou, Gansu Province, he was warmly received by the envoy Yang Yu and gave him a hundred taels of silver. For the warm hospitality and feedback of others along the way, Hong Liangji thanked him one by one by writing seal characters and stickers. On the sixth day of the first month of December in the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), Hong Liangji arrived at Jiayuguan. As the saying goes: "Out of Jiayuguan, the tears don't dry." Look at the Gobi Desert in the front, and look like a ghost door in the back. Hong Liangji recounted the scene at that time: "Pingsha is long, inaccessible, extremely blind, and there is no hiding." "The Gobi is bitter and has no food, and there are few shops in the Outer Mansion." Out of Jiayu Pass, arrived in Xinjiang Hami, Urumqi, Ili.
After four years of Jiaqing (1799) from August 27 to the beginning of February 10 of the following year, nearly half a year, all the way to eat and sleep, it can be described as a major blow to Hong Liangji, but he was optimistic and open-minded, laughed it off, and wrote in the "Out of the Customs Work": "Half a life has not been idle, and the five peaks have finished swimming. But it is more than 10,000 miles out of the Great Wall, and the Tianshan Mountains are as far as the east, west, south and north. "He sang all the way to the wind and snow, looking for traces of history, praising the beauty of the western landscape and the strange view of the border style." The depth of observation and the detail of the depiction do have the vision of public opinion scholars, and the literary style of poets. Thousands of miles to the west, the western region is remote and desolate, the natural environment is harsh, the population is sparse, and the poor are backward. However, as soon as Hong Liangji, who was reviled and exiled, crossed the Wusheling Mountains, he was overwhelmed by the majestic Qilian Mountains and the long Hexi Corridor.
He traveled all the way west, out of the Yumen Pass, into the western region, the holy Tianshan Mountains, the vast grassland, the crystal ice peaks, the towering ancient pines, and the thousands of miles of lin tao, the felt houses, the smoke of cooking, the magnificent frontier scenery of "wind blowing grass and low to see cattle and sheep" made him marvel. In the face of such a beautiful scenery, he seems to have forgotten the situation of being degraded, and his heart is relaxed, and he sincerely praises the great rivers and mountains, which has become a masterpiece of eternity.
"Song of the Heavenly Mountain": "The earth's vein has been cut off here, and the Heavenly Mountain has covered the sky." Where the sun and the moon perch, always hang green pine peaks.
Poor winter ridges and wind cracks, snow-colored mountains have no mountain bones. Who has to peek into the peak-shaped jigu? There is Hongmeng Ten Thousand Years of Snow on it.
The stone of the Heavenly Mountains is green jade, and the snow and stone light are dyed green. The half-empty stone fell into the ice and suddenly opened, and the opposite side actually fell into the waterfall.
Qingsong Gangtou Rat Lu Liang, one by one, want to eat the sky. Pheasants can't fly along the forest, and they are full of pine flowers through the months.
The snow in the pedestrian pass has disappeared, and the mountain belly has long hidden the spring wind. I knew that the spiritual realm was very different, and the climate was suddenly connected with the three clouds.
I say that the Great Wall does not need to be built, and this dangerous heaven limits the desert. The north of the mountain and the south mountain is long, and the Yellow River of the Hanhai Sea is undulating.
If he returned the guests, the tomb was like Qilian Mountain. The control string is riding Huo, throwing pen or like a wind class.
The other family has recently forgotten the years, and the sunrise is in the sea if the family is there. Lian Feng even looked to the southeast, and the clouds were vast and raw,
Kyushu I used to be in danger. The top of the five mountains are all titled, Nanjo Hojo and other idle ears, Tai Ototai room loses this strange.
Odd bell plug outside the sky to take? The wind blows and dances. A peak is missing to make up for a cloud, and people who want to go out of the mountain cloud are not allowed. ”
"Song of Ten Thousand Pines in Pine Pond": "Thousands of peaks and ten thousand peaks are the same peak, and the peaks are cut and erect without mist." Thousands of pines and pines are the same pine,
There is no return. One peak of cloud green and one peak of white, green cage smoke white condensed snow. A pine red and a pine ink,
Ink wants to become a red sun. No peaks, no pines, no pines, no clouds, will fly. The peaks are north and south and loose from east to west,
Pine shadow to the back cloud high and low. Sometimes a peak carries a house, and a pine under the house still covers the valley. The sky is green at four o'clock,
The sound of the wind and the sound of the spring is a full foot. I suspect that the Yellow River is connected to the Hanhai vein, why is the Gobi thousands of miles not green onions? Not the earth
Gongrun cooperated with Tianshan Pine, and the songgan monster bottom has always penetrated the Star Palace. The curious maniac suddenly came here and laughed
Forget nine dead. Watch the peak go forward with the horse's hooves, and want to stop at the end of the green pine. ”
It can be seen that after Hong Liangji left Jiayu Pass, he took the grassland silk north road into Hami Barikun, arrived in Dihua (Urumqi) along the northern foothills of the Tianshan Mountains on the 16th day of the first month of the fifth year of Jiaqing, continued to travel west on 39720 after resting for three days, and arrived in Santai on the second day of February and entered the territory of Ili. Hong Liangji is proficient in the study of historical harmony and rhyme, and is good at writing poetry and script. He emphasized "temperament" and "temperament", believing that poetry should "have another hand and eye, and write its own temperament". During his exile in Xinjiang, with his strong emotions, heroic style, rich imagination, and vivid language, he praised the magnificent mountains and rivers of the western region, which was the inheritance and development of Cen Shanbian Sai's poems. "Three Snow Blocking" poem Cloud: "The north wind blows snow into the ghost gate, and the wind and snow have buried the whole village." The villagers chiseled the cave through the light, and the hundred feet overlooked the roof. The charcoal snow of the burned pine does not disappear, but it scorches the whole body of the stone cave. It has been three days since the requisition was parked, and the snow cave was shocked to see the horses and cattle coming out. When the first line of sunlight opened, the black magpie flew warmly. The recruiter wants to shrink, and the ice is as big as a boat back to the valley. Hong Liangji arrived at the head of the pine tree in Guozigou and encountered heavy snow, because "the mountain stream was covered with snow, and it did not reach the horse's head." Poetry Cloud:
"The snowflakes of the Tianshan Mountains are as big as a mat, and a snowy flower spreads the back of an ox. Ordinary chickens and dogs are also shocked to see, and avoiding snow is like thunder and thunder.
Several corridors are trapped in ten thousand wells, and there is no pine roof of the hundred pines. A glimpse of a ride to fly, the snow is not without wind and hooves.
The east wind stopped at first and the north wind rose, driving the cedar waves for more than ten miles. Pine wood burns red old tile pots, and the strange cold becomes strange temperature. ”
In his diary, he also paid special attention to the description of the ice and snow wonders of Guozigou: "The mountains are strange and steep, the rapids of the west are like arrows, and the snow that inches away from the water and the ground accumulate into ice, and when the time comes, the shock currents fly out." Although the climate in the mountains is different, it is already spring, the weather is sunny, the dawn is rising, the green pines are shaded, the springs are hundreds of ways, the walls are cut and thousands of ways, the birds do not avoid people, the fish can overlook the guests, and there is no such ghost in the domain. ”
On the tenth day of the first month of February in the fifth year of Jiaqing (1800), Hong Liangji finally walked to Huiyuan City. Earlier, the Jiaqing Emperor ordered the Ili general BaoNing to take strict care of Hong Liangji, but Baoning treated Hong Liangji kindly, let him register a room to do things, and lived in the quiet official villa "Huan Bixuan", surrounded by high willows before and after, "the pavilion did not see the sun at noon". There is "the water around the ditch, rising and decreasing, like a tide". The Jiaqing Emperor also forbade him to drink alcohol and give poetry, and the wine was abstained, and the poems had to be written. The famous "Ili Chronicle Poems" (forty-two poems) is his chronicle and observations in Huiyuan City, and the Ili wind objects, under the pen of Hong Liangji, are like a fresh and distant picture, coming to the face, chanting, making people endlessly evocative. Write about the landscape of Yili: "Looking at the mountains is not tired of horseshoe distance, and the shadows are floating from the clouds." A torrent of shock was as straight as an arrow, and the east and west twenty-seven flying bridges. Yin Yili's wind and rain: "After all, who drives the bottom dragon, the high and low rain is suddenly gone." The cliff flew up the thousand-year-old stone and pressed down to the South Mountain. Dao Yili's streets and alleys: "Every day the mud sweeps away the moss, and a spring lane opens with eight doors." The outer platform has its own Xiao Leisure Method, bringing the Fang family to say cake. Praise the flowers and fruits of Yili: "The ancient temple opened a square from east to west, and the snow disappeared and the pink walls were exposed." Scenery valley rain Yuqili, apple blossoms blossoms. He recounted the life of Fa Fa Yili: "Who is not allowed to write poetry out of the Great Wall, and when you see the Hanhai, you can play a song." Ili River Valley boat appreciation, Saiwai style drunken pen obsessive. Head pillow Tianshan Mingyue sleeps, and the ice ridge snow chicken plays. The vertical and horizontal seals belong to the western region, and the hundred returns to their hometowns stop and resign. ”
In April of the fifth year of Jiaqing, there was a great drought in Beijing, and the Jiaqing Emperor asked the heavens for rain and fruitlessness. Moreover, since Hong Liangji was degraded to Yili, people inside and outside the imperial court were afraid, and no one dared to enter the court anymore, so they issued an edict that "after the sin is bright, the number of people who speak is less and less", and on the third day of the leap month of the year, the hand edict released Hong Liangji in advance. Legend has it that after writing "Qin this" at noon, the afternoon will be densely clouded, and the midnight will descend to Ganlin, and it will be all night long. The Jiaqing Emperor sighed: "Heaven is sincere, faster than breathing, and it can be felt and feared." This was a wish for Hong Liangji to exile indignation and make the heavens angry, but in fact, later the Jiaqing Emperor found that he was wrong, and saw that the punishment of Hong Liangji was unpopular, and begged for a kind of comfort under the steps. On April 26, the jiaqing emperor's order arrived at Huiyuan City. On May 1, Hong Liangji left Ili and returned to the mainland. In total, he lived in Ili for only 110 days. Hong Liangji was unexpectedly pardoned and released, and his mood was quite good, and he specially wrote "Yili Chronicle": "The snow is deep before the Jade Gate Is Closed, and in March Jun en has been returned, winning the return of the roadside, and arguing for Li Baiyelang to return." When he left Xinjiang, he looked at the distant Tianshan Mountains and wrote "Farewell to the Tianshan Mountains" with deep affection: "Ten thousand miles to go, ten thousand miles to come, there is Qilian Mountain at the end of the stone crossing, and it is impossible to send each other far away." Last year, Hege came and walked from the top of the Heavenly Mountain. Tianshan sent me out of the customs until the Hanhai Road ended the Yellow River. This year's pardon was given back from the end of the Tianshan Mountains... The Ming Dynasty looked at the South Mountain from the North Mountain, and I wanted to fly away in my dream and still fly back. When he left Huiyuan City, he "got off his horse and stepped out of the city, and the hundred steps stopped repeatedly." "The long knife is short of the back coat, and it is thrown away without bearing it." He came for the loss, but returned with a treasure of the Western Regions, adding a heavy weight to the balance of his own life value.
Although Hong Liangji lived in Ili for only 110 days, he left many poems on the customs and historical features of Ili to future generations, and his descriptions were delicate and affectionate, and the scenes were magnificent and broad. In the form of poetry, he used a unique technique to record the scenery, waters, customs and customs of Ili, which is in line with his "Tianshan Guest Talk" that later traced Ili's hundred days. His "Ili Diary" made a detailed record of what he saw and heard in the mountains, rivers, products, and landscapes of Ili, which occupied an important position in the history of Qing Dynasty literature, which made Chinese border poetry move to a new height and laid the foundation for Hong Liangji's status as a famous poet in the middle of the Qing Dynasty. Perhaps, when he first wrote these poems, he did not expect that they would be immortalized, and these poems and diaries provided very valuable materials for future generations to understand the customs and objects of the Western Frontier and to study the historiography of the northwest region, and the "Xinjiang Tuzhi" quoted many of his articles. Saiwai returned, as if in another life, Hong Liangji was difficult not to die, and the afterglow still existed, calling himself "a more reborn resident" (once again from the dead to come back to life). He lived in the west for ten years, specializing in poetry. He died at home on June 24, 1809 (the twelfth day of the fifth lunar month).
Hong Liangji was a senior high school scholar, an editor of the Hanlin Academy, and a compiler of the National History Museum. In his lifetime, he traveled to famous mountains and rivers, footprints throughout Wu, Yue, Chu, Qian, Qi, Yu, Jin, Qin, Gan, Xiyu and other places, the poetry is known for its landscape poetry, literary work, side by side with Kong Guangsen, the "Beijiang Poetry" poem emphasizes "temperament" and "temperament", believes that poetry should "have another hand and eye, write its own temperament", and appreciate Du Mu's poetry can be a unique style outside the Han, Liu, Yuan, and Bai families. Hong Liangji also put forward the harm of excessive population growth, which is actually the precursor of modern population theory. He was a Qing Dynasty scribe and writer, and one of the seven sons of Biling. He is the author of the Collected Poems of Scroll Shi Ge, the Collected Poems of Fu Xuan Xuan, the Collected Poems of Gengsheng Zhai, the Han Wei Yin, the Poetry of Beijiang, and the Spring and Autumn Left Transmission.