01
Wang Bo once described such a beautiful lakeside scene in his famous work "Preface to the Tengwang Pavilion": "The clouds are raining and the rain is shining, and the color is clear." The sunset and the lone bird fly together, and the autumn water is long and colorful. The fishing boat sings late, sounding the shore of the poor Peng Li. "The rain is clear, the sunset is colorful and the lonely wild ducks fly together, and the autumn water and the sky are one and the same. In the evening, the fisherman sang, and the song resounded through the shore of Pengli. What is the place of "PengLi Coast" sitting on such a beautiful scenery? Peng Li's shore is actually the well-known Poyang Lake.
Although "Poyang" is well-known in the world, it actually got its name late. In the Sui Dynasty, the Minutes of Reading the History of Public Opinion states: "Since the Sui Dynasty, it was generally called Peng Li, which was received by Poyang Mountain during the time of Emperor Jue, and was also known as Poyang. That is to say, before the Sui Dynasty, the common name of Poyang Lake was Peng Li. And the "YuGong" mentions: "Jiujiang Kong Yin (Yangtze River) crossed the Jiujiang River to Tanglin, Peng Xi is Peng, and Donghuize is Peng Li." "Many people think that pengli here is also today's Poyang Lake, but in fact, this Pengli is not Pi Pengli."
Peng Li in "YuGong" is located in the north of today's Yangtze River. The Lushan Chronicle mentions: "Lushan mountain is in the south of Xunyang... North to the small river"can be exemplified. Today's Poyang Lake is located in the south of the Yangtze River, and the two locations are obviously not the same.
In fact, the formation of Poyang Lake is closely related to the top of the Yangtze River and the southward movement of the main Channel of the Yangtze River. During the flood season in the Yangtze River, a large amount of water flows into the Poyang Lake basin, which provides sufficient water for the formation of Poyang Lake. The Yangtze River came out of the Wu Cave, formed many divisions, and finally converged together, coupled with the sediment deposition brought by the Yangtze River, which formed the riverbed of Poyang Lake and the Hongdao.
Today, Poyang Lake is so famous not only because it is the largest freshwater lake in China, but also because it has three important functions: hydrological function, cultural function, and economic function.
02
Ecological function of Poyang Lake
Poyang Lake plays a non-negligible role in regulating the water level of the Yangtze River and maintaining ecological balance.
It mainly collects the water from the five rivers of ganhe, Fuhe, Xinhe, Raohe and Xiuhe, and does not refuse the flow of some small seasonal rivers. From April to June, Poyang Lake has its own small flood, and the water of each river is concentrated into Poyang Lake, which is constrained by the section of the lake mouth, and the water level is high. In July and September, the flood of the Yangtze River comes, the river continues to flow into Poyang Lake, and the Yangtze River sometimes irrigates backwards, so that the water level of Poyang Lake reaches its peak. Due to the topography of the basin and the good water storage capacity, Poyang Lake has made a lot of contributions to the flood control of the Yangtze River during the flood season. As soon as the flood season is over, Poyang Lake discharges water into the Yangtze River, and the water level is lowered.
The wetlands of Poyang Lake provide a warm home for migratory birds across the country and the world, and are the world's largest bird sanctuary. Migratory birds often fly from October into autumn and depart in April, when the spring is in full bloom. Over and over again, they will probably also be grateful for the warmth of Poyang Lake.
03
Cultural function of Poyang Lake
Poyang Lake people are brilliant and have bred many distinctive cultures. For example, water conservancy culture, migratory bird culture, dock culture, fishing culture and so on. Of course, Poyang Lake also provided inspiration for many literati, whether the literati was born and raised in Sisi, or only a quick glimpse of Poyang.
Tao Yuanming, as a poet born and raised near Poyang Lake, is worth paying attention to. In his masterpiece "Returning to the Garden and Rural Residence", he said that "the square house is more than ten acres, and the grass house is eight or nine", "The morning is desolate, and the moon and the lotus are hoeed back", Tao Yuanming loves pastoral life and labor life, which is more or less influenced by the atmosphere of opening up cultivated land and encouraging farming in Poyang Lake during the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
Visitors from other places are often intoxicated with Poyang.
Xie Lingyun, the founder of the Shanshui school, has a cloud in "Entering the Mouth of Pengli Lake": "Climbing the cliff and looking at the stone mirror, leading the leaves into the pine gate." ”
The poet Xian Li Bai's "Lower Xunyang City Pan Peng Li Sends Yellow Judge" wrote: "Sail into the heavenly mirror and go straight to Peng Hudong." ”
Wang Anshi of the Tang and Song Dynasties said in "Peng Li": "The vast Peng Li is landless, and the white waves and spring winds wet the sky." ”
But if you want to discuss the most famous article describing Poyang Lake, it is definitely Wang Bo's "Preface to the Tengwang Pavilion". It is recorded in high school textbooks, well memorized by students in Guangdong University; there are many good sentences, and it is loved by more people.
The Jiangxi poetry school, headed by Huang Tingjian and other Song people, was the first poetic school in the history of Chinese literature to have an official name. The culture of Poyang Lake has nourished generations of Jiangxi people.
04
Economic function of Poyang Lake
"Poyang County Chronicle" said: "Poyi field acres are vast, and the people are more than a farmer. ”
Before the Jin Dynasty, the overall level of agricultural development in Jiangxi was not high. In the Southern and Northern Dynasties, due to the formation of Poyang Lake and the migration of labor force caused by the Jin Yongjia Rebellion, Jiangxi's agriculture developed rapidly. The Anshi Rebellion of the Tang Dynasty prompted the Central Plains people to move south near Poyang Lake. Corresponding to the population growth, it is the government's emphasis and the improvement of water conservancy equipment. The New Book of Tang says: "There is a Li Canal in the southwest ten miles, which leads the mountains and rivers into the city, and the thorn Shi Li will be chiseled." The increasingly sound water conservancy facilities have gradually made the Poyang Lake area a well-known fish and rice town in the country, and also provided job opportunities for the southward migration of laborers. Tang Li'ao's "Jiangzhou Nanhu Sui": "Thick his money and servants, in order to feed the hungry." ”
Song Dynasty, "History of Song" said: "The southeast of this dynasty cao rice six million stones, Jiangxi ranked one-third." "This further affirms the important grain production status of the Jiangxi region, especially the Poyang Lake region."
Dai Jin Fengshu edited the "Imperial Ming Articles and Rituals", saying: "Flee with your family and become a tenant." During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the people of Fujian and Guangzhou areas flowed into Jiangxi, prompting more land in Jiangxi to be developed and consolidating the status of Jiangxi's fish and rice town.
Poyang Lake's bosom has also bred a wealth of fish species. The Poyang County Chronicle states: "When the early spring stings... To Dongting, Poyang laying eggs on it... On the first day, they hatch into fry and drift with the water. ”
And the five rivers flow into Poyang Lake, and Poyang Lake connects to the Yangtze River, which provides a convenient water transport channel for Jiangxi people to go out of Jiangxi and outsiders to enter Jiangxi.
Due to the abundant resources of Poyang Lake, people in the Poyang Lake area can cultivate fields, weave fabrics, raise fish, and go out to seek opportunities.
But now, Poyang Lake has also encountered a crisis. Since ancient times, the change of water level in Poyang Lake has always followed the law of "the flood season is a lake, and the dry period is like a river". But in modern times, it is still abundant during the flood season, but it is no longer a river when it dries up. Some people think that this is related to the Three Gorges Water Conservancy Project's throttling during the flood season. Some people also believe that it is the evil consequence of the surrounding people surrounding the lake to make land. In 1954, poyang lake had 5,050 square kilometers during the flood period, while in recent years the lake surface was only about 3,000 square kilometers. In more than 60 years, the area of the flood period has dropped by nearly 2,000 square kilometers, which needs to be noted. It is hoped that the ecology of Poyang Lake can be protected and it will not be wasted to witness the rise and fall of the Chinese people for thousands of years.
References: "Yu Gong", "Poyang County Chronicle", "Huangming Articles of Law and Matter", "History of Song", "Lushan Chronicle"
Planner: Fish and Sheep History Producer: Fish Boy
Author: Xia Zhen Production: Eat hard disk bar, developed mosquitoes
The copyright of this work belongs to the "Fish and Sheep History", and may not be reproduced without authorization, and infringement will be investigated. Welcome to forward the circle of friends.