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<b>Yu (禹</b>), surname 姒 , the name Wen Ming (also known as Yu is the name), the character (gao) dense. Known as Dayu (大禹) and Emperor Yu (帝禹), he was the leader of the Xia Hou clan and the founding king of the Xia Dynasty. Yu was the grandson of the Yellow Emperor and the grandson of Emperor Huan (although it is also said that Yu should be the grandson of Emperor Huan). His father's name was 鲧, and he was enfeoffed by Emperor Yao in Chong, and was made an earl, known as "Chongbo Cang" or "Chongbo", and his mother was the daughter of the Youxin clan.
According to legend, Yu was instrumental in governing the Yellow River and was granted by Shun Chan to inherit the throne. With the support of the princes, King Yu officially ascended the throne, with Yangcheng as the capital and Pingyang as the capital (or Anyi or Jinyang), and the state name Xia. And divided Dan Zhu to Tang, and divided the seals to Yu.
Yu was the first heavenly son of the Xia Dynasty, so later generations also called him Xia Yu. He was a sage emperor with the same name as Yao and Shun in the ancient Chinese legendary era, and his most outstanding merit was the ancient glorification of the flood, and the demarcation of China as Kyushu. Later generations called him Dayu. After Yu's death, he was buried on Mount Huiji (present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang), and still has the Yu Temple, Yu Tomb, and Yu Ancestral Hall. From the beginning of Xia Qi, most of the emperors came to Yuling to worship him.
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<b>Great Yu</b>
Yu was the grandson of the Yellow Emperor and the grandson of Emperor Huan (although it is also said that Yu should be the grandson of Emperor Huan). Place of birth is disputed (one in the Shinuo area of Wenshan; one in Shi'ao. Her mother was the daughter of the Youxin clan (present-day Cao County, Shandong), named Nüzhi (女志), also known as 脩己.
Yu moved east with his father Cang and came to the Central Plains. His father, Cang, was enfeoffed by Emperor Yao in Chong. During the reign of Emperor Yao, the flooding of the Central Plains caused floods and disasters, and the people were miserable. Emperor Yao ordered Cang to control the water, and Cang was ordered to control the flood, and Cang used the water barrier method, that is, to set up a river embankment on the shore, but the water became higher and higher, and it lasted for nine years to quell the flood disaster. Yu was then appointed Sikong and succeeded him in the matter of water management. Yu Zhishui's inability to enter the house is the best proof of his hard work to control the water. Yu immediately joined Yihe Houji in summoning the people to come to his aid, and he inspected the river and examined the reasons for the failure of the water control. Yu summed up the lessons of his father's failure to control water, reformed the method of water control to divert rivers to control water, and took advantage of the natural trend of water flowing to the lower places to dredge the Nine Rivers. During the period of water control, Yu crossed the mountains and mountains, crossed the river, took the measuring instruments and tools, measured the height of the terrain from west to east, set benchmarks, and planned waterways. He led the migrant workers who controlled the water to travel all over the place, according to the benchmark, every mountain was opened, and the embankment was built in the face of the depression to dredge the waterway and divert the flood into the sea. In order to cure the water, Yu spent all his brains, not afraid of labor, nor did he dare to rest. He personally led the people to eat and sleep in the wind, pass through the house without entering, dredge the river channel in the muddy water all day long, and direct the water from the flat land into the rivers and then into the ocean. After 13 years of governance, it was finally successful and eliminated the scourge of flooding in the Central Plains. Because of his merits in controlling the flood, people expressed their gratitude to Yu and honored him as "Dayu", that is, "Great Yu".
In the process of controlling water, Yu traveled all over the world and knew the terrain, customs, and products of various places. Yu re-planned the world into nine states and formulated tributes for each state. Emperor Xia Yu also stipulated that the area five hundred miles outside the Tianzi Emperor Was called Dianfu, and the area five hundred miles outside was called Houfu, and the further five hundred miles was called Suifu, and the outer five hundred miles was called Yaofu, and the outer five hundred miles was called Desert Clothing. Dian, Hou, and Sui served three services, and they received different goods or burdened different labor services. To serve, not to serve, only to accept discipline and abide by the legal system. Desert clothes are managed according to their customs and do not enforce the political and religious affairs of the central imperial court
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The Mencius Wanzhang Shang contains "Yu Shun's Son Yu Cheng" The Ancient Bamboo Book Chronicle contains "Yu Ju Yang Cheng", the Shi Ben Ju Ju Chapter contains "Xia Yu Du Yang Cheng, Avoid Shang Junye, and Du Pingyang, or in Anyi, or in Jinyang", and the "Shi Ji Xia Ben Ji" says that "Yu Ci avoided Shun's son Shang Jun" in Yangcheng." Judging from the relevant literature, Xia Yu's relationship with Yangcheng and Pingyang is very close. Xia Yu When Emperor Shun reigned for thirty-three years, he officially ceded the Tianzi throne to Yu. Seventeen years later, Shun died during his southern tour. At the end of the three-year mourning, Yu took refuge in a small city of Yiyang in Xiadi and ceded the throne to Shun's son Shang Jun. However, all the princes of the world left Shangjun to go to see King Yu. With the support of the princes, Yu officially took the throne and lived in Yangcheng, with the name of the country Xia. Dan Zhu was divided into Tang, and the merchants were divided into Yu. The calendar date was renamed the Summer Calendar, with the month of Jianyin as the first month. The "Saying Garden" records that Dayu "humble small palace room, damaged diet, third grade of soil steps, clothing and fine cloth." ”
<b> die</b>
In the tenth year of Yu's reign, he traveled east, and died after arriving at Huiji (the Bamboo Book Chronicle is forty-five years), and Emperor Fumi believed that Yu died about one hundred years old. After Yu's death, his son Qi succeeded Xia dynasty as the Son of Heaven.
<b>Dayu allusions</b>
Three passes through the door of the house without entering The legend says that soon after Yu and Tu shan's daughter Jiaojiao were newly married, they left their wives and embarked on the road of water control. Later, he passed by the door of his home and heard the sound of his wife giving birth and his son falling to the ground, but as soon as he thought of the urgency of opening the mountain and diverting the flow, he could not care about going home and went to the line of water treatment. When passing through his hometown for the third time, his son Qi Zheng was held in his mother's arms, he already knew how to call his father, waved his small hand, and greeted Yu, Who just waved to his wife and children, indicating that he saw them, or did not stop.
<b> Tu Shan Meeting</b>
After the establishment of Xia, Dayu convened a meeting of princes at Tushan as early as possible to review his own mistakes. The Tushan Meeting is generally considered a landmark event in the establishment of the Xia Dynasty in China. On the day of the official assembly, Dayu put on his legal uniform, held Xuan Gui in his hand, and stood on the stage, and the princes of the four directions were divided into two sides according to the direction of his land, and they saluted the head of Dayu, and Dayu also answered the salute on the stage.
After the ceremony, Xia Yu said loudly to the princes: "I am weak in virtue and cannot be satisfied enough to convince the people, so I have convened this meeting in the hope that everyone will understand the earnest rebuke, discipline, and exhortation, so that I will know and make me change." I have calloused hands and feet, and I have calmed the water and soil, although I have a little labor, but the most conscientious and self-disciplined thing in my life is an arrogant word. The former emperor also used this to warn me: 'Ru Wei is not reserved, the world is not in contention with Ru; Ru wei is not cut, the world is not in contention with Ru', if I have any pride and modesty, please tell me in person, otherwise it is to teach me not to be merciful! I will listen to everyone's teachings. Everyone understood that Yu was ordered by heaven, and the princes who originally had opinions about Dayu all expressed respect and admiration when they saw Dayu's attitude, eliminating their original doubts. The history books record that "the princes of Yuhui were in Tushan, and those who held the jade were all nations".
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Casting Jiuding</b>
After the Tushan Assembly, in order to show respect, the princes of all parties often came to Yangcheng to offer gold (that is, bronze), and later, the copper tribute paid by Kyushu increased year by year, and Dayu remembered that the former Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan clan had made a casting of ding, and in order to commemorate the Tushan Conference, he was ready to cast the gold donated by the princes of all parties into several big dings. The later Jiuding (i.e. Jizhou Ding, Yanzhou Ding, Qingzhou Ding, Xuzhou Ding, Yangzhou Ding, Jingzhou Ding, Yuzhou Ding, Liangzhou Ding, Yongzhou Ding) was cast, and the famous mountains and rivers of each state were cast on the Ding, and the birds and animals of each state were cast. Jiuding symbolizes Kyushu, of which Yuzhou Ding is the central Dading and Yuzhou is the central hub. Jiuding was concentrated in Yangcheng, the capital of the Xia Dynasty, to show that Dayu, the king of Xia, became the lord of Kyushu, and the world was unified from then on. Jiuding then became the place of the "Mandate of Heaven", a symbol of the supremacy of royal power and the unity and prosperity of the country.
<b>Afterlife tribute</b>
Shaoxing Dayu Mausoleum
Located in Yuling Village, Yuling Township, Yuecheng District, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, Yu's mausoleum was built by later generations to honor and commemorate Dayu, the first water-controlling hero of ancient China and the founder of the Xia Dynasty. It mainly includes three major parts: Yu Ling, Yu Ancestral Hall and Yu Temple. The architecture of Yuling is mainly rebuilt by the Ming, Qing and Republic of China. After the sacrifice of Xia Jie was extinguished, the King of Shang Tang sealed the Xia royal family with the surname of a nobleman in the Kingdom of Qi, in order to worship the ancestors of the Temple. "When in business, it may be sealed or exterminated." King Wu of Zhou destroyed Shang as queen, and Donglou Gongyu, a descendant of King Fengyu, continued the State of Qiguo and was in charge of the sacrifice of Yu. The sacrifice of King Dayu is a national sacrifice. In 210 BC, Qin Shi Huang "went to the meeting and sacrificed Dayu". In 960, Taizu of Song issued an edict to protect YuLing and began to officially list the sacrifice of Yu as a national norm. The ceremonies and systems of sacrifice in the Ming and Qing dynasties were the most complete, and the ceremonies were also the most solemn, and the great sacrifices of the Ming and Qing dynasties reached more than 20 times each. The Kangxi Emperor and the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing Dynasty both visited Shaoxing to worship Yu. In 1933, the Temple of Yu was restored again and a grand festival was held.
<b>Yu Wang Monument</b>
The Yuwang Monument is located on the pale purple stone wall at the top of Yuelu Mountain, south of the Python Cave. Facing east. The inscriptions record and praise the great deeds of Dayu in controlling the water. Dayu's stepfather ruled the water, and the beautiful talk of "not listening to music for seven years, and not entering the house three times" has been passed down to this day. The Yuelu Yuwang Monument is 1.7 meters high and 1.4 meters wide, and the inscription is divided into 9 lines, each line is 9 characters, counting 77 characters, and the last line is empty with four characters. Its characters are shaped like tadpoles, which are different from the oracle bone bell ding and the tadpole, which is difficult to identify, and is likely to be a Taoist symbol, and it is also said that it was forged by The Taoists. However, as far back as 1200 years ago, han Yu heard about it, and he also personally climbed the Nanyue Ridge Peak to search for the Yu Monument and left a poem. Even the fakes of the Tang and Song dynasties are very precious as a monument to the great Yu Zhishui. There are ten winds in the country to erect Yu stele, it is said that all of them are reproduced by the Yuelu Yu stele model.