Xia Yu is a native of Cao County

Kyo Bowen

Introduction: The fact that the father and son of Cang and Yu were ordered by Yao and Shun to control the water has been passed down through the ages, and there is no doubt about righteousness. But who is Xia Yu? Where is the land where Xia Yu rules water? North and south of the great river, up and down the Yellow River, there are Yu traces everywhere, is this possible? At present, more than twenty provinces in Zhejiang, Sichuan, Jin, Hebei, Long, Shaanxi, Henan, Anhui, Lu, and Su have appeared in more than twenty of The hometowns of Dayu, research associations have been set up in various places, and many have been registered as provincial-level associations (Sichuan has Beichuan, Wenchuan, Dujiangyan and several other places), with the participation of experts, scholars, leaders, and cultural people, and many places have invited leaders to write inscriptions. But what is inconceivable is that these places avoid ancient documents, or cite one to cover up, and more places only use legends, Ming and Qing Fangzhi, and later field history notes as testimony, which is really a blasphemy against history and culture, and is by no means a good deed to promote culture. To truly determine Xia Yu's hometown and capital, it is still necessary to use the rich ancient literature as the basis for argumentation. Only in this way can we stand up and withstand the test of history. This article is trying to base itself on historical facts, not to avoid any documentary record, there is only one point of material to say, a comprehensive and systematic comprehensive analysis and argument, Xia Yu is a native of Cao County, and his hometown and therefore are in Cao County.

First, start with Yu's titles of "Rong Yu", "Qiang Yu", and "Xiyi People"

Di Yao is the Tao Tang clan, Andi Shun is the Youyu clan, both of which are named after their places of residence, Yu is called "Rong Yu" ("Qianfu Theory of Five Virtues"), "Qiang Yu" ("Chronicle of the Six Kingdoms" has "Yu Xing yu Xi Qiang"), and the "Imperial Century" quotes Mencius, calling Yu Ben "Xiyi Renye". According to this, it is Yu's residence that is named after the "Rong", "Qiang", and "Xiyi" of different historical periods. Where the "Rong", "Qiang", and "Xiyi" are, then yu's origin can naturally be known.

The history of xia and the middle period of the Shang Dynasty has no written records of the same period, the ancient ancestors did not migrate much, and the "Rong" people of the Zhou Dynasty lived in the north of present-day Cao County, between the Song, Cao, Lu and Wei, it can be inferred that the Rong people lived here during the Xia and Shang dynasties. The "Spring and Autumn Left Biography" records that Lu Gong "will rong yu qian", "will rong in Tang", "chase rong in Jixi", and "Rong Fa Fan Bo yu Chu Qiu to return" and so on. The "Spring and Autumn Zheng Songwei" of the "Historical Atlas of China" marked "Rong", "Ji", and "Chuqiu" are all in the territory of present-day Cao County. Lu Gong came from the east to meet the "Rong" people to dive, meet Tang, and chase Rong to the west, and Huirong was entering the territory of present-day Cao County.

The Later Han Shu Zhang Heng Biography notes the River Map, and Kyushu has "Southwest Rong Prefecture"; the Huainanzi TopographicAl Training also says that Kyushu has "Rong Prefecture". Mr. Wen Yuchun believes that the Xianxia clan and the Xia clan originated in the eastern and western parts of shandong, and the above Kyushu are all in Shandong. It can be seen that "Rong" was in the north of present-day Cao County during the Xia and Shang Dynasties, so Yu called "Rong Yu" precisely because Yu was born in Youxin and was in the land of "Rong".

In the late Shang Dynasty, the oracle bone Bu Ci recorded "Qiang Fang", from its neighboring Fang States can know that Qiang Fang is in the south of present-day Cao County, "Qiang" is a shepherd, "Qiang Jiao" is a shepherd boy, sheep herding slaves, often as a sacrifice to pay tribute to the Shang King. "Qiangfang" is a low-lying grassy place suitable for grazing cattle and sheep, not the alpine land of Shanxi that some people think. In the Qiang fang of Tushan (Tushan) in Cao County, Yu's wife is a daughter of Tushan (as discussed later), and Yu can naturally be called "Qiangyu".

"Xiyi" and Dongyi are symmetrical, and both are Yi. In ancient times, Yi's range of activity was west of Mount Tai. Shun was called the Man of Dongyi by Mencius. In his early years and youth, he was active in present-day Juancheng and Puyang, and was also called by Sima Qian as a person from Jizhou, that is, present-day Heze (later discussed). Xiyi is in the west of Dongyi, and is still in Shandong, not far from Dongyi, Cao County belongs to Xiyi in the west of Juancheng, and it is natural and reasonable to say that Yu is the person of Xiyi, and it is natural and reasonable to be set in Cao County.

2. The area of The Water of Cang and Yuzhi is the ancient Yan Prefecture of Guhe and Jijian, and Cao County is suitable for it

Mr. Xu Xusheng, an ancient historian, pointed out in "The Legendary Era of Ancient Chinese History": "If we examine in detail the topography of our country, the evolution of various generations of river disasters, and the stage of development of the Chinese nation, we can understand that the area where the flood occurred and the construction of Dayu was mainly Yanzhou. There may also be some minor construction in the eastern part of Yuzhou and part of Xuzhou. In other places," there will be no flooding at all. "Yanzhou is the great plain of today's eastern shanxi and southern Hebei, and the Yu and Xu plains are today's eastern Henan, southern Shandong, and the Huaibei part of Jiangsu and Anhui." In other words, flooding refers mainly to the lower reaches of the Yellow River and its basins. Part of the Huai Shui Basin may also be included, and it is completely unrelated." Xu Shi noticed the account of the flood in the Yu Gong and analyzed: "There is no total hat and summary, there is none under the state articles, only Yanzhou has these few words, is this not already proof that the flood only occurred in Yanzhou?" (Xu Hong's "Why China" cites) "YuGong" is a work of the Warring States period, but its historical facts are in front of it. The text has "Ji and Hejian are Yanzhou... Mulberry soil is both silkworm and descending mound dwelling soil..." Depicts the situation of Xia Yu's rule of water. In the era of Zhiyao and Shun, the Great Flood occurred in the territory of Yanzhou at that time, that is, the place where Yao and Shun were active. In the area of Heze and Puyang, there are many ruins of piles (isolated piles) that are several meters higher than the flat land and more than ten meters, and their remains are completely different from the alluvial silt soil of the Yellow River under the hill, and some of them are mortar stones, which are very incompatible with the natural landform of the Yima Pingchuan River. After investigation and excavation, it was found that it was not a natural formation, but the ancestors chose a slightly higher terrain to build by manpower when fighting against the flood, which is the so-called hills, hills, hills and mountains. In view of this, historian Professor Shen Changyun believes that the central area of the Xia people is in Furukawa and Jijian, and in the 1980s and 1990s, he wrote several articles on the examination of the settlements of the Dayu Zhishui and Xia Hou clans, which attracted the attention of the academic community after publication. The Analects of Tabernacle has Confucius praising Yu: "Yu Bei's palace room and try his best to ditch." It can also be known that Yuzhi Water does not open mountains and split mountains, but diverts floodwaters into ditches on the plains, so as not to flood and flood the fields.

3. The capitals of the Yellow Emperor, Yao, and Shun, were examined in a local examination with The Activities of Cang and Yu

The capitals of the Yellow Emperor, Yao, and Shun were known as China and the Central Plains, and they were also the places where Cang and Yu were ordered to control the floods. First, let's investigate the Yellow Emperor's capital residence.

More than 4,700 years ago, the Yellow Emperor fought with Xuan You at Zhuolu, and it is recorded in the "History of the Five Emperors", "Yi Zhou Shu And Taste of Wheat", "Yi Zhou Shu And Shi Ji" and so on. Xuan You lived in the land of Shaohao, called himself Emperor Yan, fought with the Yellow Emperor in Zhuolu, in the land of Jiulao, drove water to fight, the two tribes fought, shed hundreds of miles of blood, Xuan You died in the wilderness of the Absolute Dragon, also known as Zhongji, Yukou, that is, the land of present-day Juye and Peony District, and was buried in Juye Reunion and Wenshang County Kancheng (also known as Xiang and Shouqiu, see "Imperial Dictionary"), Zhuolu is also known as Shulu, Zhuolu, Dulu, Shulu, since then, the Yellow Emperor's residence is also known as Zhongdu.

Zhi Yao, first lived in Tang, and then lived in Tao, known in history as Tao Tang, all in Chengyang. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, when Jiyin Taishou Mengyu Xiuyao Temple (in present-day Yaowang Temple, Huji Town, Mudan District, Heze City), the "Xiuyao Temple Stele" erected by the people recorded: "Emperor Yao Meng Zhao grew, the burial tomb was in Chengyang, and the sanctification always existed", "Then Yao was ordered to the east of Shulu". Song Ren Hongshi's "Li Shi" contains this inscription and lists it as the first one, the "Complete Works of Ouyang Xiu" contains the examination, and Zhao Mingcheng's "Golden Stone Record" also includes it. It can be seen that the capital of Yao is located in the same place as Zhuolu, where the Yellow Emperor fought against Xuan You. Shun jiyao as emperor, still all in Chengyang, called "China" in ancient times, see "History of the Five Emperors Benji" and other books, "Imperial Century" said "Yao moved to Zhuolu" and the Han stele is consistent.

Shun, the Chronicle of the Five Emperors, refers to him as "the man of Jizhou". Mencius called him "the man of Dongyi." Mencius also records: "Shun was born in Zhufeng", and "Zhufeng" should be read as "Zhu Ping", that is, the poor Shun mother was born Shun at the railing of the hydrological observatory in Leixiaze. The "Filial Piety and Aid to the Divine Contract" is said to be "born in Yao Ruins", and the same is true of the Bamboo Book Chronicle. Then Shunsheng's Yao Ruins is a village on the banks of Guleize. Yao Chong, the chancellor of the Tang Dynasty, visited Yao Chong, the hometown of the ancestor Shun, as Yao Liu Zhuang (adjacent to Yaowangsi Village in Mudan District) on the southeastern border of Juancheng County. In short, Dongyi is a large area, in the western part of present-day Shanxi, Jizhou is a part of Dongyi, that is, present-day Heze, Shandong, also known as Zhongji, for the place where Xuan you died and was buried. The inscription of the Xiaochen Miaoding can prove that Jizhou was in Heze at the time of Xia Shang. The "History of the Five Emperors" also said: "Shun cultivated The Mountain, Yu LeiZe, Tao Hebin, made a tool in Shouqiu, and then lost the summer." "Mozi Shangxian" also has "ash in Diyang", all of which are in Puyang (Negative Xia) and Wenshang (Shouqiu, where the Western Han Dynasty set up Shouliang County) in Heze and its surroundings. In the Warring States period, the "Lu Lianzi" said that "Shun cultivated the mountain and Youyi, Shuntao Riverside and Youyu", the riverside is said to be ten miles southwest of Dingtao, bordering the northern border of present-day Cao County, and its land is about thirty miles away from Yu's growth, so Shun can get acquainted with Yu when Tao is on the riverside.

The burial place of Yao, the Lü's Spring and Autumn, is called "Yu Lin", and the "Imperial Century" says that "Yao Burial Ji Yin Chengyang Northwest forty Miles is for Yu Lin". The Book of Han, Geography, Eight, and Shang, and the Later Han Dynasty, Junguozhi, and Three are all clouds: "Chengyang has Yaozuka and Lingtai. The Imperial Chronicle says that "Yaozuka is in Jiyin Chengyang". The "Archaeological Record of Continuing Shandong" identifies Yao Ling in Juancheng Yulin, and the "Notes on the Water Classic" is quoted incorrectly, "the southern half is a mistake of forty". Therefore, there is no documentation in YaoWang Temple. Yaowang Temple and its eastern Yao capital Chengyang, Yao Temple, and Lingtai were the places of worship in the Han Dynasty, so there are Xiuyao Temple steles passed down from generation to generation. In ancient times, the Han people never sacrificed the cemetery of the first king, only the worship of the temple. In the Yuan and Qing dynasties, ethnic minorities ruled China, which was different from Chinese customs, and only then did they sacrifice tombs. The Juancheng Yulin Yao Mausoleum was only sacrificed by the emperor after the first year of the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, and before that it was only privately sacrificed by the magistrates of the prefectures and counties. The Ming Dynasty "Puzhou Chronicle" only records the Yao Tomb of The Forest, and does not record any text of the Han Dynasty Sacrifice Yao Temple, which is suitable for the editors of the Zhishu to respect historical facts.

In short, the capital of Yao and Shun lived in Heze, Yao buried the Yulin, the Yao Temple and the Lingtai were in Chengyang (present-day Yaowang Temple), and The Dragon and Yu were ordered by Yao and Shun to control the flood, and of course in the domain of Heze, where Yao and Shun were active.

4. The capital of Shang Tang and the capital of the achievements of the former King Yu are one place

The "History of Yin Benji" said: "Tang shiju, from the ancestral king's residence." The Shangshu Emperor has: "From the Contract to the Tang Eight Migrations, the Tang Dynasty begins to live in The Tang Dynasty." "Shang Tang was the first king of the Shang Dynasty, and was previously the first duke. The ancestor king he lived from could not be a merchant, but only a monarch of the Xia Dynasty.

The Book of Poetry, Shang Song, and Yin Wu has: "The Mandate of Heaven is multiply, and the capital is set up in Yu's achievements." "Duo Pei refers to the first king and the great monarch Shang Tang." "Mandate of Heaven" refers to the Mandate of Heaven. "Setting up the capital in Yu's achievements" refers to shang tang's capital in the place where Yu started his business. The Warring States Qi Instrument "Shuyi Zhong Ming" has "... Cheng Tang (Tang), also like in the imperial office. After receiving the Mandate of Heaven, after the fall of Xia, he defeated the Spirit Master, and Yi Xiaochen was only assisted. There are nine states in Xian, and there is a blockade of Yu. "Salty is the name of Shang Tang." This is to say that Shang Tang lived in the place of Emperor Yu, was commissioned by heaven, defeated the Xia Hou clan with the assistance of Yi Yin, destroyed its army, and had the capital of Jiuzhou under the heavens, and established the capital in the capital of Xia Yu. The "Fourth Year of Zuo Chuan Zhaogong" has "Shang Tang has the order of Jing Qi", which also means that Shang Tang is the capital of Jing Qi, and the heavens have given the great destiny of ruling the world. The Shangshu Shangshu Zhongyu Zhizhi (尚書· Shangshu Zhongyu Zhizhi) states that "Tiannai Xi Wang Yongzhi, Table Zheng Wanbang, Miao Yu Old Clothes, Zi Zhi Shu Dian, Obey the Mandate of Heaven, Zhao I Bang Yu Xia." It is also said that Shang Tang's residence is Xia Yu's old residence. The six places cited above can prove that Shang Tang was ordained by heaven to replace the Xia Hou clan from the residence of the former Wang Yu, all in the capital of the former Wang Yu.

Fifth, the Mother clan of Dayu has Xin in Cao County

In the history of Kaozhi, when the Shang Tang Dynasty was first revived, from Tushan Mountain, where the former King Yu lived, he set up the capital, with the call of inheriting Xia Yu's cause, and was ordered by heaven to cut down Xia Yu's descendants, expand his power, and build good neighbors, and the forty kingdoms of the southern han (Ji) returned to it, and when he toured the east, he found Yi Yin, a sage of the Xin kingdom, and married the prince of youxin, married Princess Xin as a concubine, and took Yi Yin as a dowry male servant. The "History of Yin Benji" and other records are very detailed. The Chu Ci Tianwen says: "Cheng Tang Dong Tour, there is Xin Yanji, He Beg Pi Xiaochen, only Ji Concubine is de." "This Youxin is the country where Xia Yu's mother cultivates herself, and it is also the hometown where Yu grows." Its land is in the northwest of Cao County, fifteen miles northwest of Xinzukaji, is now a provincial-level cultural protection unit. The "Prince Zhi" of the Old Chronicle of Cao County lists the section "Queen Concubines", and only one person is recorded as Xiu Himself. The "Chronicle of Famous Traces" and the "Feudal Chronicle" record the entry "Xinguo". Yu's father, Cang Zhishui, was outside, and Yu naturally grew up in his mother's family.

6. Dayu's wife Tu Shan lived in present-day Tushan Ji, Cao County, where Yu Chu was located

The "History of Xia Benji" says: "Yu married Tu Shan, Xin Nong, and gave birth to no son, so that he could become a hero of water and soil." "Lü Shi Chunqiu Yin Chu", "Corpse Zi", "Mencius", etc. all record Yu's marriage to Tu Shan's daughter. The Shiben is called "Tu Shan's female name Nuwa". "Imperial Lineage" Yun: "Yu married the son of Tu Shan's clan, called Nuwa, and was born qi." The Chu Ci Tianwen has: "Yu's power is dedicated, and he descends to the four directions of the earth, and he gets the mountain girl of Pi Tu and passes through Taisang." It is said that Yu Zhishui married Tu Shan's daughter in Taisang, did not waste public affairs by private, went out to control the water four days after marriage, and did not raise his son Qi. The historical records also have yu zhishui for eight years, "three through its doors and not into", "Yuhui princes in Tushan, the ruler of the jade and the kingdom" ("Zuo Chuan , The Eighth Year of the Duke of Sorrow" and other records, after the success of Yu Zhishui, the princes of all the nations under the heavens held the jade and the throne of the Heavenly Son at Tushan. Then, Tu Shan is the capital of Xia Yu. The "Tai Sang" of the Tianwen, also known as Chuqiu and Jingshan, is famous for its sanglin and is the place where Yu and Tushan's daughters were married, that is, in present-day Liangquan, Cao County. At the end of the summer, Shang Tang met with the princes here and called them "Wu Shi Wu". Therefore, it was named "Wucheng", and the history was called "Jingbo Huimeng". At the beginning of the Shang Dynasty, there was a great drought, and Tang prayed for rain here. In the Spring and Autumn Period, The Duke of Song Ping mourned here with the dance of Sanglin. "Rong Fa Fan Bo Yu Chu Qiu Yi Gui" also refers to this. Liu Bang of the Western Han Dynasty changed Chuqiu to Chengwu, and henceforth had the name of Chengwu.

The "Lü Shi Chunqiu Yin Chu Chapter" is the most detailed record of Yu Yu marrying Tu Shan's daughter. It is said that Yu passed through Tushan during the "patrol of the southern soil". Among the four subordinations ruled by Yu, the south was Huai, that is, the Suishui of the present-day Shangqiu South, which Du Jinpeng has detailed evidence in the "First Shang Ji Bo Kao Luo", the merchant forces did not advance to the present-day Huai River until the late Shang Dynasty, and the Yao Shun forces before Xia were far from reaching the territory of the present-day Huai River. Therefore, TuShan is in the north of Shangqiu, not huaiyuan tushan on the south bank of the Huai River. The Han Dynasty Yangxiong's "Benji of the King of Shu" Yun "Yu married Tu Shan" and "Yu was born in Shi Niu", which should be said in ancient times. And he specifically went to a certain place in Sichuan, which was formed by attaching the local place name after the Xia people moved south. Xu Zhongshu believes that the Qiang people in northwestern Sichuan were xia people, who moved from the Central Plains to the central plains. Meng Wentong has long studied the ancient history of Sichuan, there is no Yusheng Sichuan theory, his son Meng Mo taught the history department of Sichuan University, he in the "Yusheng Shi Niu" article (published in the Xihua University Journal social science edition 4, 2010, no. 4, page 29) detailed analysis of the "Yu Sheng Shi Niu" literature, believes that Yang Xiong's arrival in the land of Sichuan is unreliable. Zhou Yuansun's "Analysis of "Yusheng Shi niu" examines the "Yusheng Shi Niu" literature in detail, and believes that after the Chinese Qiang people moved, they brought the name of their hometown into Sichuan and the legend of Dayu. Kong Linggu said: "Shi Niu, we can't think of it as a place name, just the knot of the stone. From the discussion of these serious historians, it can be understood that the place where Yu was born is not the land of Sichuan. Tu zhi originally means dirt, not a stone mountain with lofty mountains. There is no need to control the flood on the stone mountain; it will not be the rich area of China and the Central Plains in the Yao Shun era. Tu Shan is also the one who washes the mountain, the "stone button" person is pounding the cloth stone also, and yu mu is born when she repairs herself and washes herself. Beichuan County and Wenchuan County in Sichuan Province have the name of Jieerping, saying that Yu was born in the stone, which is as absurd as the legend of the "Qimu Stone", who will believe that this is the real thing?

There is a Shang Tang Tomb in Tushan Ji Village, Yandian Lou Town, Cao County, Shandong Province, which was first seen in the Oracle Bone Bu Ci, and also found in the "Imperial Records", and its west three miles are ShangDu Bo. Shang Tang jianshang, three thousand princes in the eastern suburbs of Bo Palace, in line with the ancient records of Shang Tang lived in the old capital of Xia Yu, so it is credible.

Conclusion: Xia Yu was born in present-day Youxin, Cao County, grew up in Youxin, his wife was a daughter of tushan county, his son was raised in present-day Cao County, Yu was called emperor in Tushan, and all the princes of all nations were here, so Xia Yu was a native of Cao County, and his activities were mainly in the Heze area, and he could not reach Sichuan, Shaanxi, Jin, Anhui, Zhejiang and other places, nor would he live on the stone mountains of lofty mountains.

One point number Kyo Bowen said history

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