It is said that after Chiang Kai-shek's defeat in Taiwan, one day he was idle reading in his garden, who expected to just open and read more than a dozen lines, his face immediately turned blue, his mouth began to viciously scold the author of the book, his hands closed the book and fell far away, and then he was alone in a recliner with his eyes closed and sulking, without saying a word, and he was not in a good mood all day.
Chiang Kai-shek has been a warrior all his life, a high position of authority, can be said to be well-informed, read countless people, and spends most of his days in mood and anger, making it difficult for people around him to figure out why he suddenly hates a person so much?
Photo: Chiang Kai-shek
Originally, the name of the book was "Memoirs of Guo Rugui", and the author was Guo Rugui himself, who was once the director of the Third Department of the Kuomintang Ministry of National Defense, and won the trust and respect of Chiang Kai-shek.
This third hall is the War Hall, which is responsible for the Kuomintang's combat plan and directly participates in the command of the operation, and in the memoirs, Guo Rugui not only records all his life experiences in detail, but also confesses that he is an undercover communist.
For all this, although Chiang Kai-shek had some doubts at that time, he still believed that Guo Rujie was a loyal and reliable person, and now that he has realized it later, how can he not be so violent and scolded?
So, who is Guo Rujie? How did he gain Chiang Kai-shek's trust? Why did he end up being a CCP agent?
And after the liberation of the whole country, why did Guo Rugui only deal with it according to the generals who surrendered to the uprising, and did not gain enough trust from above? It all starts at the beginning.
Photo: Guo Rujie
On September 15, 1907, Guo Rujie was born in Tongliang, Sichuan Province, in a scholarly mendi, but by the time of his father, Guo Langxi, his family had fallen into the middle of the road.
Guo Langxi prefers to discuss current politics, and when the country is facing internal and external troubles, he often criticizes the corrupt and political corruption of officials of the late Qing government, Beiyang warlords, and the Nationalist government.
Although Guo Mu was only a thrifty and simple traditional Chinese woman and did not speak any great truths, through words and deeds, Guo Rujie also knew from an early age that to be a useful person to the country, she had to choose the right path.
Guo Rugui mentioned his childhood life in his autobiography, quoting the verse in Mr. Lu Xun's work "Self-titled Little Portrait": "Lingtai has no plan to escape the gods, the wind and rain are like a rock and a dark homeland, the cold stars are not noticed, I recommend Xuanyuan with my blood", expressing the heart of worrying about the country and the people that he had in his childhood.
In 1919, Guo Rugui accompanied his father to Chengdu, and successively entered the Chengdu Higher Normal School and the United Middle School, when the May Fourth Movement broke out and various social trends of thought swept the country.
At the end of 1925, after Guo Rujie graduated, he did not know where to go, and his cousin Guo Rudong suggested that he go to the Whampoa Military Academy with him, thus embarking on the road of serving the country from the military.
Photo: Guo Rugui and his teachers and classmates in his youth
However, Guo Rugui's father hopes that his son can go to Tongji University in Shanghai to study medicine or engineering, and later engage in the road of scientific salvation.
What exactly to do? Guo Ruzhen had been hesitating, but he had never been able to make up his mind.
In order to determine the future direction of his life, Guo Rugui went to Shanghai with several young officers of the Changde army to ask for advice from his classmates who had been admitted to Tongji University.
As a result, most of the students believed that politics was not on the road now, and that the so-called science to save the country and industry to save the country were empty, so they all suggested that Guo Rujie might as well go to Guangdong to do the revolution.
One of the young officers who accompanied him was Yuan Jingming, who was actually a member of the Communist Party of China and had the idea of going south to Guangdong to carry out a revolution, so they joined the crowd to persuade Guo Rujie to go to Guangdong.
Finally, Guo Rugui officially entered the 5th phase of the Whampoa Military Academy and began his professional military life.
During her studies at the Whampoa Military Academy, Guo Rugui listened to lectures by Xiao Chunu, Yun Daiying, and others, read the works of Li Da, Chen Duxiu, and others, and began to systematically understand the beliefs and missions of communists, and her heart was full of infinite yearning.
Therefore, Guo Ruzhi aspired to become a communist, and when he learned that Yuan Jingming was a communist, he asked Yuan Jingming to introduce him to the party.
In view of Guo Rujing's sincerity, Yuan Jingming told his superiors that he needed to pass a period of testing.
In April 1927, when Guo Rugui was about to graduate, under the arrangement of Wu Yuzhang, who presided over the school affairs of the Whampoa Military Academy, he went to the troops of the Sichuan warlord Yang Sen to prevent him from sending troops to join Chiang Kai-shek.
Guo Rujie first went to his cousin Guo Rudong's troops to do ideological work, but it was not successful, and Guo Rudong always adopted a perfunctory and evasive attitude, but after that, Guo Ruzhi stayed in Guo Rudong's army political department to do propaganda work.
Since then, Guo Rujie began to run around, writing articles in school clubs, giving speeches to publicize revolutionary principles, and for a time became a revolutionary youth who was known and known to everyone in the local area.
In May 1928, Guo Ruzhi got his wish and successfully became a communist party member, and then planned revolutionary activities according to instructions, but unfortunately suffered failures, even Yuan Jingming was unfortunately killed, and had to start hiding from the Kuomintang's "Qing Communist" operations everywhere.
In 1930, his cousin Guo Rudong secretly arranged for Guo Ruzhi to travel east to Japan and enter the Japanese non-commissioned officer school to study, although he temporarily succeeded in escaping from danger, Guo Ruzhi also lost contact with the party organization.
This important turning point in his life also laid the groundwork for Guo Rujie's future political career!
The rumbling cannon of the September 18 Incident reached Japan, and Guo Rugui and a group of Other Chinese students studying at the Japanese Non-Commissioned Officer School gave up their studies in anger in protest of japan's occupation of Northeast China, and returned to their motherland in November 1931 to go to the country to suffer.
After returning to China, Guo Rugui was admitted to the Army University for further study, accumulating a solid military theoretical foundation, which set the tone for his later military career.
In May 1937, Guo Rugui was appointed chief of staff of Chen Cheng's 14th Division of the 18th Army, and from then on he began to gradually display his outstanding military talents.
At the same time, his performance also aroused the appreciation of the top brass of the Kuomintang army, including Xue Yue and Chiang Kai-shek, and thus gradually entered the decision-making level of the Kuomintang army.
Later, during the Battle of Songhu, Guo Rugui performed extremely heroically, leading his troops to fight with the Japanese army for 7 days and 7 nights, and finally tried to ensure that the position was not lost and became famous.
Photo: Japanese invasion of China
At that time, during the battle, the division commander Huo Yuzhang, worried that he did not have enough troops, once asked Guo Rugui if he needed help, to which Guo Rugui replied with a letter of desperation.
The bold words of "vowing to coexist and die with eight thousand soldiers" made all the Kuomintang officers admire, and the desperate letter was also circulated within the Kuomintang and won the praise of everyone.
At the Battle of Wuhan, Guo Rugui's military talent was brought into full play and won unanimous praise from the top level of the Kuomintang.
In July 1938, Guo Rugui was promoted to chief of staff of the 54th Army, and subsequently participated in the operational meeting to defend Wuhan presided over by Chen Cheng.
At the meeting, Guo Rugui openly raised objections to Chen Cheng's battle plan, compared and analyzed the operational situation in Wuhan based on the lessons learned from Nanjing's defeat, and put forward a strategic defense plan of "defending Wuhan without fighting in Wuhan."
Photo: Chen Cheng
In this regard, Chen Cheng not only did not feel unhappy because of Guo Rujie's "punching in the face", but appreciated him even more.
Sure enough, as Guo Rugui expected, the Battle of Wuhan was carried out in an orderly manner according to his ideas from the beginning, and the Japanese army finally occupied Wuhan after paying a heavy price.
However, as early as the beginning of the war, Wuhan was already an empty city that was planned to be abandoned, so in the entire Battle of Wuhan, the Japanese army failed to annihilate any of the Kuomintang troops involved in the war.
After the End of the Battle of Wuhan, the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression also began to enter the most unfavorable stage of stalemate against the Japanese army.
For Guo Rugui's meritorious performance this time, Chiang Kai-shek and Chen Cheng both appreciated him very much and intended to train him to participate in the work of the headquarters in the future.
Since then, Guo Ruzhi has had the opportunity to enter the official meetings of the upper echelons of the Kuomintang, to have direct contact with the Kuomintang military and political leaders, and at the same time to have a deeper understanding of the dark corruption of the Kuomintang.
What particularly dissatisfied him was that chiang kai-shek had already begun to plan an anti-communist civil war before the war of resistance against Japanese aggression was over.
Guo Rugui recalled the ideological education he received when he was young, coupled with the news he usually heard about the anti-Japanese base areas behind enemy lines, Guo Rugui felt that China's hope was still in the Communist Party, so he began to look for opportunities to restore contact with the Communist Party, but he could not find a way.
In May 1945, Guo Rugui was already serving as the deputy director of the Military Affairs Department of the Ministry of Military Affairs, and one day when he went out from the Military Affairs Department to run errands, he saw a very familiar face on the road, and he couldn't help but be overjoyed, this person was Ren Yiyi, a classmate of the Whampoa Military Academy.
In the early 1930s, Ren was arrested and imprisoned by Kuomintang agents because he was a member of the Communist Party, and Guo Rujie was deeply impressed by him after he had tried his best to save him.
Guo Rushi quickly pulled Ren to a secluded place and asked him if he had any relations with the Communist Party.
Ren Tiyi was startled and trembled and replied, where is there any contact, do you want to arrest me?
Guo Rugui thought that he was just worried and afraid of revealing his identity, and repeatedly stated that he would never harm him, but that he now saw through the future of the Kuomintang and wanted to have some contact with the Communist Party.
Ren swore that he was indeed telling the truth, that he had no connection with the Communist Party at all, and that he was now living the life of an ordinary civilian.
When the two separated, Ren Yiyu still left a sentence saying, I can go and help you inquire.
Late one night three days later, an uninvited guest came to Guo Rujie's home, and the visitor, who identified himself as Ren Lianru, was currently a bank clerk and newspaper manager, and had something important to discuss with him.
Photo/ Ren Lianru
Ren Lianru was working in the social service of the CPC Central Committee at that time, led by Dong Biwu, and when he learned of Guo Rugui's situation, he immediately reported to Dong Biwu.
The purpose of Ren Lianru's visit was to be ordered to listen to Guo Rujie's thoughts, of course, at this time, he did not explain his true identity.
It was not until I went to Guo Rugui's home many times, had in-depth conversations with him, and gradually clarified his political position, that I believed Guo Rugui, and finally, I also obtained some important military intelligence from Guo Rugui.
Once, Dong Biwu personally met with Guo Rujie. Regarding Guo Rugui's suggestion that he hoped to go to Yan'an and restore his party membership, Dong Biwu persuaded him to stay within the Kuomintang but would be more effective and valuable, and not necessarily have to go to Yan'an.
Photo/ Dong Biwu
Since then, Guo Ruzhi has become a secret red agent installed by our party at the top of the Kuomintang army.
In 1946, due to Chen Cheng's recommendation, Guo Ruzhi rose through the ranks and rose through the ranks, becoming the director of the Third Department of the Ministry of National Defense, and directly entering the highest military decision-making body of the Kuomintang, which created convenient conditions for him to provide top-secret information to the central authorities in the future.
In 1947, according to the military information provided by Guo Rugui, during the famous Battle of Menglianggu, the East China Field Army of the People's Liberation Army, under the command of Chen Yi, Su Yu, and Tan Zhenlin, divided its troops to counterattack, contain, and cut off the contact between the Kuomintang troops participating in the battle, concentrated its superior forces to divide and encircle the Kuomintang reorganized 74th Division, and after a fierce battle, killed the division commander Zhang Lingfu, thus severely losing the Kuomintang's vigor.
On March 5, 1948, Guo Rugui went to Xuzhou, during which time he planned another major event, which directly affected the progress of the Battle of Huaihai in the three major battles.
The East China Field Army of the People's Liberation Army captured Xiao County and attacked Pei County, directly approaching Xuzhou, and there was panic throughout the city of Xuzhou, and Guo Rugui took the opportunity to recommend Zhang Kexia to Gu Zhutong, commander-in-chief of the army, as the commander of Xuzhou City Defense.
Photo: Platon soldiers
As soon as the Battle of Huaihai began, Zhang Kexia, He Jifeng, and others carried out battlefield uprisings in the defense areas of Jiawang and Taierzhuang, causing the northeast gate of Xuzhou to open.
The East China Field Army was able to drive straight in, cutting off the retreat route of Huang Baitao's corps to retreat to Xuzhou, and finally being annihilated by the People's Liberation Army in the Nianzhuang area, which greatly accelerated the process of victory in the Huaihai Campaign.
Guo Ruzhi was worthy of being an outstanding red agent, and continuously transmitted the military secrets of the Kuomintang army to the Party Central Committee through Ren Lianru.
Therefore, sometimes there are situations in which this information has not yet been distributed to the hands of the commanders and division commanders of the Kuomintang army, but has already been placed on the desks of Mao Zedong, Zhu De, and other generals, and it can be said that they have made special contributions to the liberation of all of China.
On October 23, 1948, in the Building of the Ministry of National Defense in Nanjing, He Yingqin, minister of national defense, and Gu Zhutong, chief of staff, together got the battle plan submitted by Guo Rujie.
At that time, Badawi, the head of the US military's advisory group, was also in Nanjing, and after reading this battle plan, he thought it was very good, and Chiang Kai-shek also agreed with this plan.
However, when the battle plan was sent to the former enemy headquarters, Du Yuming burst out and scolded, saying that this was a bullshit plan, it must be a ghost made by "Guo Xiao Ghost", and at this time he already suspected that Guo Rugui was an undercover agent sent by the Communist Party.
Because from the Northeast Battlefield to the East China Battlefield, the Kuomintang army was repeatedly defeated, and Du Yuming found that several major decision-making mistakes were involved by Gu Zhutong and Guo Rujie, but he could not find evidence.
To this end, Du Yuming also told Gu Zhutong of his doubts, and at the same time strongly opposed Guo Rugui's appointment as the head of the War Department, but was refuted by Gu Zhutong.
Gu Zhutong said disapprovingly, don't be suspicious, Guo Rujie has been coming to Xuzhou with me for a year, there is no problem in commanding operations, the business is doing very well, I believe him very much.
Unconvinced, Du Yuming directly told Chiang Kai-shek about his suspicions about Guo Rugui, and Chiang Kai-shek asked him, "What basis do you have?"
Du Yuming replied: I am a relatively clean and honest official in the Kuomintang, but Guo Rujie is even more incorruptible, it is almost incomprehensible, neither feminine nor greedy, even the sofa in his own home is patched.
Chiang Kai-shek laughed and replied, "Are officials of the Nationalist Government necessarily the Communist Party if they don't get silver everywhere?" It's a joke.
Since neither Gu Zhutong nor Chiang Kai-shek believed, Du Yuming had no better way but to act carefully on his own.
Photo/ Du Yuming was captured
Many years later, Du Yuming is still angry about this, and once when he was ill and hospitalized, Guo Rujie, who happened to be a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, came to visit.
During this period, Du Yuming asked Guo Rujie if he had any connections with the Communist Party at that time.
Guo Rujie did not answer positively, but only nodded slightly, and asked Du Yuming, where did you know it?
Du Yuming replied: Shandong,
who? Guo Ruzhen asked directly. However, Du Yuming avoided answering.
Guo Rujie asked again, then why didn't you sue me?
Du Yuming couldn't help but sigh, I can't come up with real evidence.
Of course, the process of Guo Rujing sending intelligence is not always so smooth, and sometimes it encounters unpredictable risks, fortunately, it can be said that it is a rare "blessing general"
As the People's Liberation Army (PLA) was about to launch a river crossing operation, Guo Rugui submitted these battle plans to Chiang Kai-shek as usual, while also preparing to hand over this information to his direct liaison, Ren Lianru.
Photo: Guo Rujie in his later years
However, at that time, Ren Lianru had already left Shanghai because of an important matter, and Guo Ruzhen had no choice but to ask Wang Baozhen to hand it over, but unexpectedly, Wang Baozhen was suddenly arrested by secret agents before these confidential information was sent, and fortunately, this information was burned by Wang Baozhen at a critical moment.
In order to continue to track down the clues, the Kuomintang agents tortured Wang Baozhen, an ancient and rare old man, until he was finally sentenced to death, but Wang Baozhen still insisted on not telling the truth, thus cutting off important clues, so that Ren Lianru and Guo Rujie could turn the crisis into safety.
On December 24, 1948, according to the instructions of the party, Guo Rugui took advantage of He Yingqin's resignation as minister of national defense, and also resigned from the post of director of the War Department under the pretext of poor command.
Chiang Kai-shek did not suspect him, and still entrusted Guo Rugui with heavy responsibilities, appointing him successively as commander of the Tenth Army and the Eighteenth Army, but he was quickly dismissed from his post when Guo Rugui was about to go to the front.
In July 1949, on the eve of Chiang Kai-shek's departure from the field, Guo Rugui was reappointed as the commander of the Kuomintang 72nd Army.
This Seventy-second Army was Chiang Kai-shek's concubine unit, originally subordinate to Qiu Qingquan's Second Corps, most of which was annihilated by the People's Liberation Army in the Huaihai Campaign, and only ran out of more than a thousand officers and men, so Chiang Kai-shek decided to rebuild the Seventy-second Army.
After receiving the appointment, Guo Ruzhi immediately rushed to Sichuan to start the reconstruction of the troops, and at the same time reported to the party organization, hoping to leave the Kuomintang as soon as possible and go to the Liberated Areas to organize work.
After studying the situation, the party organization held that according to the development of the war situation, it is estimated that after the battle of crossing the river, the situation in Jiangnan can be smoothed out, and only the southwest region is afraid that there will be a bloody war, hoping that Guo Rugui can go to Sichuan, and then he can lead his troops to surrender to the uprising and thus disintegrate the enemy army.
With the victory of the People's Liberation Army on the battlefield, the Second Field Army led by Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping quickly invaded Guizhou, and Sichuan was in danger.
At this time, Chiang Kai-shek appointed Guo Rugui as the commander of the 22nd Corps, requiring him to lead his army to the southwest as an outpost to prevent the People's Liberation Army from entering Sichuan.
On December 10, 1949, Guo Rugui led 13,000 men to revolt in Yibin, Sichuan Province, completely disrupting Chiang Kai-shek's military plans to hold the southwest.
When Chiang Kai-shek, who was far away in Taiwan, heard this news, he immediately trembled with anger, beat his chest, and even scolded Guo Rujie loudly, almost falling ill because of it.
After the founding of New China, for various reasons, Guo Rujie has always been handled according to the generals who surrendered to the uprising and did not gain trust, mainly because of the long loss of contact with the party in the early years.
On the eve of the Liberation War, many senior Kuomintang officials had already seen the domestic situation clearly and had privately contacted the Communist Party to discuss the matter of surrender, and some of them pretended to join, but actually wanted to infiltrate the CCP.
Therefore, for the sake of prudence, our Party generally "treats" this aspect of the matter seriously and seriously, so as to prevent those who are uneasy and kind from taking advantage of the situation.
However, Guo Rugui is not a person who cares about fame and fortune, since 1950, he has been teaching at the Nanjing Military Academy, even in difficult times, he has always maintained his original intention, and has not given up his ideals and retribution.
It is awe-inspiring that Guo Rujie spent more than ten years with relevant experts in the rare years of ancient times, editing a set of modern military books, which to a certain extent filled the blank part of China's military scientific research.
In his later years, Guo Ruzhi once again put forward his own requirements for joining the party, and then was immediately approved by the organization to join the party, which realized his long-cherished political wish for many years.
In this regard, Guo Rujie also directly ridiculed this decision in his autobiography for choosing to study in Japan and then losing contact with the party.
"At that time, I was actually very proud, thinking that I was a rational choice, but unexpectedly it became a turning point in my political life, and I took a detour for decades before finally getting back on track."
On October 23, 1997, Guo Rujie completed his ups and downs, a life of magnificent twists and turns.
The Central Military Commission held a solemn memorial service for Guo Rugui and highly praised his revolutionary life, and guo Rugui deserved such treatment and affirmation.