Qing Ping Le Fan Zhongyun
In the hit drama "Qing Ping Le", if the Manchu Dynasty's minister of culture and military affairs wants to select a person who is both a gentleman and a capable minister, then the first is undoubtedly Fan Zhongyan. His sentence "Before the world is worried and worried, after the world is happy and happy", let everyone admire. Why is it that such a good official, a gentleman, has been degraded so many times?
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > first, cold door into the army</h1>
Fan Zhongyan is a native of Wu County, Suzhou, and his father died when he was 2 years old, and his mother remarried. You can imagine how difficult his childhood was, he "cut the porridge", because of the lack of food, the porridge was dried and cut into small pieces, the pickles were chopped up, and divided into multiple meals, but Fan Zhongyun did not feel bitter at all. In the eighth year of Emperor Zhenzong's reign (1015), Fan Zhongyan was admitted to the Jinshi, and after that, he served as an official in various places for a long time.
Fortunately, Fan Zhongyan caught up with the good times. In view of the lessons of the five dynasties at the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Song Dynasty was not at ease with military generals, eunuchs, and foreign relatives, and specialized in scholars, and had the reputation of "sharing the world with scholars". Therefore, special attention is paid to the examination of the imperial examination, and once the reader obtains the meritorious name, he can become an official and receive good treatment.
Confucianism has always had a tradition of "a soldier dies for a confidant", so in the Song Dynasty, the Han men were grateful to the dynasty and emperor who changed their destiny, and had a high sense of responsibility for the society. Fan Zhongyan once said: "A certain early on was lonely, and the Dutch country did not encounter it, and did not panic at night, thinking about it." "That is to say, I was unfortunate as a child, thanks to the promotion of the state, I always think about how to repay the country. His whole life was indeed like this.
Qing Ping Le The Great Song Dynasty was full of courtiers
Fan Zhongyan's reputation was excellent, and after he had finished guarding his mother's funeral, Yan Shu invited him to give a lecture at Ying Tianfu Academy. Fan Zhongyan lectured, greatly changed the empty style of study, and advocated the application of the scriptures, focusing on cultivating students in terms of Confucian classics, etiquette system, political ability and moral character.
Fan Zhongyan also helped promote many readers, and his students Sun Fu and Zhang Zai both became a generation of Confucians, the former listed in the "Third Gentlemen of the Song Dynasty" (Hu Yan, Sun Fu, and Shi Jie), the latter listed as the "Five Sons of the Northern Song Dynasty" (Zhou Dunyi, Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi, Shao Yong, Zhang Zai).
In the "History of Song", it is said: "Every time I am grateful for the affairs of the world, I do not hesitate to fight for myself, and for a while the scholar and doctor are vigorous and upright, and they advocate it from zhongzhong." It was during Ying Tianfu's coaching career that Fan Zhongyan reflected on reality and realized that the Song Dynasty was facing a huge crisis and needed a change.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > two, in the dprhand direct advice, in the side of the military training</h1>
When Fan Zhongyan was an advisor, Empress Liu controlled the government, and he urged the empress dowager to return to the government of Emperor Renzong, so she was degraded. After the empress dowager's death, the courtiers saw the wind and steered the rudder and discussed the various things that Empress Liu was not. Only Fan Zhongyan advised Emperor Renzong that the empress dowager had more than 10 years of nurturing grace for him, and that there was nothing wrong with ruling the country and that he should not settle accounts after the autumn.
Qing Ping Le Song Renzong
At that time, Lü Yijian was the prime minister, and many ministers in the DPRK were hand-picked by Lü Yijian, and Fan Zhongyan was very dissatisfied with this, so hundreds of officials accused Lü Yijian of favoritism, and the prime minister did not have such great power.
Fan Zhongyan also suggested the construction of Luoyang to prevent emergencies. The capital of the Northern Song Dynasty was surrounded by plains on all sides, and there was no danger to defend, which was what the soldiers called "the land of four battles", while Luoyang had the danger of mountains and rivers. Fan Zhongyan suggested that taiping be in Kaifeng, and in case of war, he would live in Luoyang. Unfortunately, Lü Yijian said that Fan Zhongyun was a scholar's opinion and dismissed it. The later difficulty of Jing Kang showed that Fan Zhongyun was right. But at this time, he was degraded again because he had offended Lü Yijian.
Qing Ping Le Lü Yi Jian
If you think that Fan Zhongyan is a radical person, you are wrong, he happens to be the opposite in the war.
In 1038, Li Yuanhao, the leader of the Xiang clan, declared himself emperor and established the state of Western Xia, provoking a war against the Song. On Han Qi's recommendation, Fan Zhongyan served as a deputy envoy to Shaanxi and went to the front line to command the battle. Fan Zhongyan and Han Qi were in the same position, but their strategic thinking was diametrically opposed. Han Qi was young and vigorous, resolutely leading the battle, while Fan Zhongyan was firmly anti-war. Fan Zhongyan's anti-war was not cowardice, but war weariness.
Fan Zhongyan hoped to strengthen armament, select generals, train soldiers, and deplete the enemy's strength through active defense, so that chaos would arise within the enemy and the soldiers would be humiliated without a fight. He clearly realized that in the Northern Song Dynasty, which had not been at war for decades, soldiers had long been useless, and the Western Xia was a nomadic people, and the army was brave and good at war, so he did not recommend taking the initiative to attack, but building a strong fortress to defend. If the enemy carries out a large-scale attack, then take counter-encirclement and encirclement points to provide reinforcements, and try to maximize our advantages.
But Fan Zhongyan was not the commander after all, and he could not control the whole army. Han Qi rushed to attack and encountered the defeat of Hao Shuichuan. During the war against Western Xia, Fan Zhongyan corresponded with Li Yuanhao many times to discuss and negotiate peace. After the Battle of Haoshuichuan, Yuan Hao was proud of his victory and arrogance, and he was not inferior, and Fan Zhongyan burned the letter in front of Xia Envoy. The ministers believed that Fan Zhongyun was collaborating with the enemy and deliberately destroying the evidence, and although Emperor Renzong was aware of it, Fan Zhongyan was still degraded.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > third, celebrate the new deal</h1>
Fan Zhongyan spent many years as a local official, lectured in the academy, and defended the border, and was deeply aware of the crisis of the Great Song Dynasty. For example, in addition to the imperial examinations, the Northern Song Dynasty also had methods of selecting officials such as enyin, recommendation, and officials, and the quality of officials selected in these ways was average. Officials are wise to protect themselves, people are overwhelmed, and absent from work.
For another example, the Song Dynasty did not allow the clan to be an official, so they had to raise the clan house with good food and drink, and the cost of supporting the clan was borne by the government. They also recruited all the idle people in society into the army, and it cost 4/5 of the financial revenue to support the army every year, but in the face of the threat of the Liao and Western Xia, the combat effectiveness of the army was not enough. And so on and so forth.
Qing Pingle Fan Zhongyan (right) and Yan Shu
Therefore, Fan Zhongyan joined forces with han qi, Fu Bi, and other people of insight to ask for reform, and Renzong was also deeply touched and determined to reform. The central figure of the reform was Fan Zhongyun, the governor of the government.
He made ten suggestions: Ming Dethronement (strict appraisal of performance, no promotion unless there is great merit); or luck (reduce the emperor's favor, the minister must not recommend his sons to hold important posts in the pavilion); Jinggongju (jinshi first policy theory, later poetry endowment); selection of chief officials (local officials voted by the court ministers); Jungongtian (average land); Hounongsang (the state formulates policies to support agriculture); repairing military equipment (imitating the military system of the government, the unity of soldiers and farmers); Tuien xin; heavy orders; and reducing military service.
Qing Ping Le Han Qi
Fan Zhongyan's reforms were opposed by many people, not because they were not good, but because they touched their interests. The opposition framed the name of the partisans and attacked the reformists. Renzong was a very sensitive man, he was the most diligent emperor in the Song Dynasty, and he had no tolerance for the affairs of the party. As a result, the New Deal failed utterly. In fact, if the reason for the failure is investigated, the dispute between the friends and the party is only a symptom, the ancestral law of the Song Dynasty is too strong, and the officials are accustomed to conforming to the old ways, which is the fundamental reason.
Qing Ping Le Renzong
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Wen Shijun said</h1>
After the failure of the Qingli New Deal, Fan Zhongyan was relegated to Dengzhou again, and at the invitation of his friend Teng Zijing, he wrote the famous "Yueyang Lou Record" throughout the ages, one of which was "the worries of the world before the world." After the world is happy and happy", it is not Fan Zhongyan's improvisation, but his lifelong ideals and beliefs. Compared with the Manchu dynasty officials, Fan Zhongyan sought change. Throughout his life, he worked hard for the country and the people, never seeking selfish interests. On the occasion of his death, he also submitted a "testament" to Emperor Renzong, not to ask the emperor for favors and descendants like other ministers, but to ask the emperor to "rule before chaos, and accept the people to the masses."
The "History of Song" said: "Since the rise of a generation of emperors in ancient times, there must be a generation of famous ministers." Song Youzhong drowned the sages, and he was worthy of this. "History ultimately gave him a fair judge.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > resources</h1>
[Yuan] Detachment, etc.: History of the Song Dynasty, Zhonghua Bookstore, 1977.
Fang Jian: A Biography of Fan Zhongyan, Nanjing University Press, 2001.
(Author: Haoran Wenshi Rotten Keren)
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