Lu Xun, formerly known as Zhou Shuren, was one of the founders of modern Chinese literature, as well as a thinker, revolutionary, educator, and fighter for democracy. The following is a summary of Lu Xun's biography based on the resources provided:
1. **Early Experience**:
- On September 25, 1881, Lu Xun was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang.
- In her early years, her family environment was good, but later she fell into the middle of the family and experienced family changes and personal challenges.
2. **Education**:
- In 1898, Lu Xun entered the Nanjing Naval Academy and changed his name to Zhou Shuren.
- In 1902, he went to Japan to study at public expense and entered the Jiangnan class of the general department of Hongwen College.
- In 1904, he graduated from Kobun Gakuin and entered Sendai Medical College in the same year.
- In 1906, he was so stimulated by watching an educational film about the Russo-Japanese War that he decided to give up medicine and pursue a career in literature.
3. **Career**:
- After returning to China in 1909, Lu Xun served as a botanical translator.
- In 1910, he became a teacher at Shaoxing Middle School.
- In 1912, at the invitation of Cai Yuanpei, he went to Nanjing to serve as the head of the first section of the Department of Social Education of the Ministry of Education.
- From 1917 to 1926, Lu Xun taught at Peking University, Beijing Higher Normal School and other educational institutions, and participated in literary creation and social activities.
4. **Literary Creation**:
- In 1918, under the pseudonym "Lu Xun", he published Diary of a Madman, which was the first vernacular short story in the history of modern Chinese literature to be written in a modern style.
- In 1923, The Scream was published, Lu Xun's first collection of short stories.
- Lu Xun continued to publish a series of works that criticized social reality, such as "The True Story of Ah Q", "Kong Yiji", "Medicine", etc.
5. **Later Years Activities**:
- In 1926, Lu Xun left Beijing and went south to teach at Xiamen University and Sun Yat-sen University.
- In 1927, Lu Xun arrived in Shanghai, where he lived with Xu Guangping and continued his literary and cultural activities.
- Lu Xun actively participated in China's cultural and social change movement, supporting the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggle.
6. **Death**:
- On October 19, 1936, Lu Xun died in his Shanghai apartment.
7. **Family & Personal Life**:
- Lu Xun's family members include his grandfather Zhou Jiefu, father Zhou Boyi, mother Lu Rui, second brother Zhou Zuoren, and third brother Zhou Jianren.
- Lu Xun's legal wife is Zhu An, but his relationship with Xu Guangping is better known, and there is a deep emotional bond between the two.
8. The art of calligraphy
**：
- Lu Xun was also an excellent calligrapher, and his calligraphy works have a unique artistic style.
9. **Translation Contribution**:
- Lu Xun translated many foreign literary works and made important contributions to the development of Chinese translation literature.
10. **Social Impact**:
- Lu Xun's works and ideas have had a profound impact on modern Chinese literature and social change, and he is known as a pioneer of Chinese culture.
Lu Xun's life was filled with criticism of social injustice and feudal traditions, and his works and spirit continue to inspire the pursuit of social justice and cultural progress to this day.
Lu Xun is an important writer of modern Chinese literature, and his works are diverse and influential, covering novels, essays, essays, poetry and other genres. The following are some of Lu Xun's representative works:
1. **"The Scream"**: This is Lu Xun's first collection of short stories, which includes 14 works including "Diary of a Madman", "Kong Yiji", "Medicine", etc., reflecting all levels of Chinese society from the Xinhai Revolution to the May Fourth period.
2. **"Hesitation**: It includes novels written by Lu Xun between 1924 and 1925, such as "Blessing" and "Divorce", showing the author's loneliness and hesitation in the New Culture Movement.
3. **"New Story"**: This is a collection of short stories by Lu Xun, which includes 8 works, including "Mending the Sky", "Running to the Moon", etc., with mythology and history as the theme, showing the author's rich imagination.
4. **"Morning Flowers and Sunset"**: Lu Xun's collection of essays, including "From the Hundred Herb Garden to the Three Flavors Book House" and other reminiscence essays, reflecting the author's life and growth experience in his youth.
5. **"Wild Grass"**: Lu Xun's prose poetry collection, containing 23 works, with its unique symbolism and metaphorical techniques, shows the author's profound self-reflection and ideological exploration.
6. **"Tomb"**: Lu Xun's collection of essays, including "On the Fall of Leifeng Tower" and other articles, express the author's criticism of the problems of the times and the fighting spirit of the old forces.
7. **Hot Wind**: A collection of Lu Xun's essays from 1918 to 1924, reflecting the author's profound comments on the social phenomena of the time.
8. **"Huagai Collection"**: It contains Lu Xun's communication debates, miscellaneous feelings, etc., and fights against feudalism and foreign slave comprador cultural thoughts.
9. **"Just Collected"**: A collection of essays in 1927, in the face of the massacre of reactionary warlords, Lu Xun expressed his resentment and powerlessness.
10. A Brief History of Chinese Novels: Lu Xun's first monograph on the history of Chinese novels systematically studies the development of ancient Chinese novels.
11. **Diary of a Madman**: As Lu Xun's famous work, it is also the first vernacular short story in the history of modern Chinese literature to be written in modern style.
12. **"The True Story of Ah Q"**: It is a masterpiece of Lu Xun's novels, creating a typical image of Ah Q, an immortal wandering farmer.
These works not only have an important position in literature, but also have a profound impact on the development of modern Chinese literature and the progress of social thought. Lu Xun's works are still widely read and studied, and their literary and ideological value is constantly being re-recognized and evaluated.
Lu Xun did not follow his mother's surname. His original name was Zhou Shuren, the word Yucai, a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang. In traditional Chinese customs, people usually take their father's surname. Therefore, Lu Xun's surname "Zhou" is after his father Zhou Boyi. Lu Xun's mother's surname is Lu, whose name is Rui, so Lu Xun is sometimes called the son of Lu Rui, but this is not his surname, but an honorific title for his mother's surname. Lu Xun's literary achievements and ideological influence have made him an important figure in modern Chinese literature, and his name "Zhou Shuren" is also closely related to his literary identity.