Aerial view of the Sanhe Dam area in Sanhe Town.
Overlooking the Longhu Pit, the river embankment has been built with a fish-scale frame beam ecological slope protection.
Construction drawing of the ecological restoration project of the Hanjiangyuan revetment.
"You rain your rain, I sleep my sleep. Wu Zhihui, secretary of the village branch of Jiuzhai Village, Sanhe Town, Dapu County, Meizhou City, said jokingly. In the entire town of Three Rivers, this is unprecedented stability during the flood season.
On April 4, during the season of heavy rainfall and strong convection, Guangdong announced that it was officially flooded. Three days later, the No. 1 flood of the year occurred in the Hanjiang River, and the Hanjiang Sanhe Dam (3) Station in Sanhe Town had a flood peak water level of 42.97 meters at 23 o'clock on the 7th, exceeding the warning line by 0.97 meters, and then the flood came out of the peak steadily. Sanhe Dam is the source of the Han River, where two rivers and one river converge, so that the flood season always leads the hearts of the villagers living near the river in Sanhe Town. Wu Zhihui, a native of the old village, was deeply impressed, "In the past, I was most afraid of floods, and when I encountered heavy rainfall, I had to relocate, especially the houses near the river, and I was very afraid of collapse." ”
More than a month ago, the Hanjiangyuan Revetment Ecological Restoration Project in Sanhe Town had just completed the main project, and it was only one of the dozens of sub-projects of the Integrated Protection and Restoration Project of Mountains, Rivers, Forests, Fields, Lakes, Grasslands and Sands in the middle and upper reaches of the Hanjiang River in Nanling Mountain, Guangdong Province (hereinafter referred to as the "Shanshui Project"). It is precisely by actively exploring the integrated ecological protection and restoration management system and mechanism that Sanhe Town has tasted the "sweetness" of ecological dividends.
● Finding the "balance point"
Package different types of projects and move them forward in an orderly manner
Solve the disturbance of human activities to the ecological environment
The Hanjiang River Basin is mainly located in the east of Guangdong and southwest Fujian, spanning Guangdong, Fujian and Jiangxi provinces, and its upstream takes the Meijiang River as the mainstream, and the Tingjiang River and the Meitan River converge in the Sanheba River, which is shaped like the word "people" on the right, and moistens the lower reaches and Chaoshan area from north to south with more than 21 million people. For a long time, the comprehensive management of the Hanjiang River basin has attracted much attention.
In 2020, the mainland clarified the overall layout of major projects for the protection and restoration of important national ecosystems with the "three zones and four belts" as the core, and the middle and upper reaches of the Hanjiang River in the Nanling Mountains of Guangdong Province are located in the core area of the southern hilly area, which is an important ecological barrier in Guangdong. In May 2021, the landscape engineering project in the middle and upper reaches of the Hanjiang River, which was declared by Meizhou City, stood out from the first batch of 29 campaign projects in the country and was successfully selected, helping Meizhou to build a Guangdong sample of "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets".
The implementation period of the project is from 2021 to 2023, and it is divided into 5 restoration units, including the Nanling Mountain Water Conservation Area, the Upper Reaches of the Meijiang River Fragile Ecological Restoration Area, the Urban and Rural Ecological Improvement Area in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Meijiang River, the Hanjiang River Mainstream Water Ecological Reserve, and the Rongjiang Beihe River Water Ecological Restoration Area, with a total of 17 treatment projects, aiming to control outstanding ecological problems such as historical mines and hill collapses, realize the significant improvement of the quality of the regional ecosystem, and initially establish the management system and institutional mechanism of ecological protection and restoration. In the past three years, a total of 84 specific sub-projects have been implemented in Meizhou Shanshui Project, with a total investment of 6.21 billion yuan. Of these, 13 have been completed and accepted, 40 have been completed, 31 are under construction, and most are nearing completion.
"In the middle of the implementation of the Shanshui project, we gradually found that the projects planned in the original plan were somewhat scattered, and the concept of integrated protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands and sands was not fully implemented. Zhang Weitao, deputy mayor of Sanhe Town, told reporters from Nandu. Last year, Zhang Weitao was transferred from the Dapu County Natural Resources Bureau to Sanhe Town, where he was mainly responsible for natural resources (geological disaster prevention), planning, housing and urban-rural construction (urban comprehensive development).
In order to achieve the requirements of "integration", Meizhou City has revised the overall project implementation plan, and each of the eight counties (cities) and districts will take the lead in creating a high-quality project or demonstration project. In order to further benchmark the advanced, the Meizhou Municipal Landscape Office has organized inspections to many places inside and outside the province to learn from the valuable experience and advanced practices of local landscape projects.
Dapu County has mainly grasped the Hanjiangyuan Ecological Environment Remediation and Restoration Project, one of the high-quality projects, including 8 sub-projects, namely the sewage interception pipe network construction project in Dapu County, the sewage pipe network improvement project in Dapu County in 2022, the Hanjiangyuan revetment ecological restoration project, the Hanjiangyuan Zili water channel improvement and ecological restoration project, the downstream dredging project of Meijiang River Penglatan Power Station in Sanhe Town, Dapu County, the forestry ecological restoration project of Hanjiangyuan Sanheba, and the Hanjiangyuan forest stand transformation project. Meitan River revetment ecological restoration project, with a total investment of 262.94 million yuan.
"We package different types of projects as a whole, and promote the implementation in stages, sequences and plans. Zhang Weitao explained that the construction of sewage interception pipe network and the improvement of town and village sewage pipe network into the high-quality project, the purpose is to solve the interference of human activities on the ecological environment from the source of the Hanjiang River, lay a good foundation for ecological governance and restoration, and then repair the ecological hazards from the perspective of the integration of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass and sand, so as to achieve the overall upgrading of the ecological environment. "We hope to find a balance between human activities and the ecological environment, so that people and nature can live in harmony, so that ecological stability can gradually improve. ”
●Eliminate the "sense of distance"
The cadres patiently preached why we should protect the ecology
Do a good job of process publicity and compensation in accordance with laws and regulations
In January 2021, on the main stream of the Hanjiang River, about 5 kilometers upstream of Gaopi Town, Dapu County, the Hanjiang Gaopi Water Conservancy Project, one of the 172 major water conservancy projects in the country, was officially lowered and impounded, and was fully completed in August of the following year, with flood control, water supply, power generation, navigation, ecological and other effects gradually emerging, benefiting about 7.5 million people.
Also in 2021, the "water giant panda" turtle reappeared in the Hanjiang River after 30 years, and has been spotted many times since then. Experts judge that thanks to the improvement of the overall environment of the Hanjiang River Basin, a certain number of turtles have formed a population here.
"After the Gaopi Water Conservancy Project was put into use, the water level of the Sanhe Dam upstream was significantly raised, and the embankment that was not originally wading in water for a long time will sooner or later cause a collapse. Zhang Weitao pointed out that this not only affects the life and production of residents, but also affects the habitat of turtles. In Sanhe Town, according to the priority of the ecological environment that has the greatest impact on the ecological environment and is of the greatest concern to the people, the Hanjiangyuan revetment ecological restoration project and the Zili water channel improvement ecological restoration project have become two priority projects. Those areas with obvious hidden dangers and urgent need to be repaired are the "best level" for project site selection.
As the project entered the planning and implementation stage, a series of "resistances" followed, the first of which was the "sense of distance" between the villagers and the ecological restoration.
"'Revetment project' and 'ecological restoration' are the first time we have heard of them. It doesn't seem to be ecologically destructive, so how can it be restored?" Wu Zhihui said that villagers have long been accustomed to discharging sewage into rivers and throwing garbage into trees, and they do not understand what "ecological beauty" is, so how can they understand "ecological destruction"? There are also young people in our village who go out to live in the Pearl River Delta, and they will all wonder, why are the banks of the river so beautiful?" The village cadres began to learn and train while popularizing the significance and value of the ecological restoration project to the villagers. "We are located at the source of the Hanjiang River, so we have a greater responsibility to do a good job of ecological protection and not cause pollution to the people downstream," Pu Chunqiao, deputy director of the Sanhe Community Neighborhood Committee, pointed out. ”
For example, in the past, villagers planted fruit trees on unmanaged land, but now that ecological restoration requires the restoration of the land, the villagers will demand some compensation......
In the face of endless problems, Zhang Weitao believes that it is more necessary for grassroots cadres to patiently publicize the purpose, significance and impact of ecological protection and restoration, and ensure that various processes are publicized and villagers are compensated in accordance with laws and regulations. "For the villagers, we may be sacrificing economic development to protect the environment, but in fact we are allowing the people to enjoy more ecological well-being, which is like a trickle of water nourishing people's lives. After five years, ten years, or when they go out and have a comparison, they can feel that 'they are in the blessing and do not know the blessing'. ”
●Start the "Icebreaker Operation"
Implement the ecological restoration project of the revetment of the source of the Hanjiang River
The regional ecological environment has withstood the intrusion of disasters
Ecological well-being needs to be co-built, co-governed and shared with the villagers, and the village cadres have always kept this principle in mind, especially Wu Zhihui and Pu Chunqiao, who are both deputies to the town's people's congress. "Every day, we would go into the house and talk to the villagers about the ecology, and then when we got there, they knew what I was going to say," Pu Chunqiao said. ”
Relatives and friends who work in the Pearl River Delta and other places have become the "collectors" of those high-quality cases. "I asked them to take some pictures and short videos and send them back, so that the villagers can see why everyone's small rivers can race dragon boats, and where is the big river in front of our house?" Wu Zhihui said. Fortunately, a group of villagers who "dare to eat crabs" have become the "ice-breaking point" for the project to be carried out. According to the funds and project planning, the ecological restoration project began to be carried out.
After expert demonstration, the revetment ecological restoration project was strengthened by the construction of a sash beam ecological slope protection with greening function, and the planting of berry shrubs and plants to provide foraging and habitat for animals, so as to improve the diversity, stability and sustainability of the ecosystem, and then enhance the environment's resistance to natural disasters.
Across the river from the Han Jiangyuan sculpture is the hedge of the Meijiang, Tingjiang and Meitan rivers that flow into the Hanjiang River, Longhukeng, and there is a row of undulating small buildings along the river, involving more than 50 villagers. Nowadays, it can be seen that the river embankment has been built with fish-scale frame beam ecological slope protection. "The main project was just completed in February this year, and a flood was successfully passed in early April, and it is expected to be accepted at the end of April," Zhang Weitao said, which means that the regional ecological environment has begun to withstand natural disasters and will gradually stabilize.
At the same time, the work of controlling pollution in towns and villages is also being carried out in a planned manner. Through the sewage pipe network improvement project, all the villagers' domestic sewage is diverted to the sewage treatment plant, and after the slope protection project is completed, the ecology along the river that was overgrown with weeds in the past has been changed, and the villagers cannot bear to litter and destroy this beautiful scenery...... Change is happening day by day.
The villagers went from questioning to understanding to actively participating. Driven by a series of development plans such as "Beautiful Village", "Green Beauty Guangdong" and "High-quality Development Project of Hundreds of Counties, Thousands of Towns and Villages" (hereinafter referred to as the "Millions and Thousands of Projects"), the villagers have replanted beneficial flowers and trees in front of and behind their houses, and taken care of the small family vegetable garden. "This is the compensatory action of human activities on the ecological environment, the greening rate of the area is improved, and the entire ecological environment is gradually stabilized, which is the balance between man and nature that we are looking for. Zhang Weitao said.
It is worth mentioning that Sanheba is the place where the famous August 1st Rebellion Sanheba Battle took place, and there is the earliest Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall built in the country, as well as Fengji Pavilion, ancient Rongdu and other cultural landscapes, which is an important cultural ancient capital of Dapu County. On Thursday, April 18, a reporter from Nandu saw in the Sanheba Battle Memorial Park that several tourist buses were parked in the park, sending batches of tourists from the Pearl River Delta and Fujian to Sanhe Town. "In particular, our polder town is gradually moving towards 'urbanization', which is much more beautiful than before. Puchun Bridge couldn't help but praise that there are parking lots, charging piles, and sightseeing yachts parked in the riverbank recreation area, just like an urban park. Since the beginning of this year, large birds such as falcons and egrets have been frequented, and in the Spring Festival, a group of dense small fish have appeared in the river, and the ecology is getting better and better.
The success of setting a precedent has given the village cadres more confidence to carry out their work. The perception of the villagers is changing, and there are more and more voices of support. "As we have taken the steps of phased construction, the villagers have not yet started to renovate the area, and the villagers are anxiously asking 'when will it be our turn'. Speaking of this, Zhang Weitao couldn't help laughing.
●Generations of "relays"
Seek to build a community of preferential relocation and quick gathering
Explore the large-scale operation of agricultural land consolidation
It has been more than a year since Guangdong implemented the "Millions and Millions Project" with the number one effort, and the promotion of towns and villages in strong counties is in full swing. Sanhe Town was selected as the first batch of typical towns in the province's "Millions of Projects", and is taking the opportunity of the demonstration site of ecological construction in Lumei Guangdong and the provincial pilot of comprehensive land improvement in the whole region to promote the deployment and implementation of the "Millions and Millions Project" with the standard of typical towns.
Zhang Weitao introduced that Sanhe Town has formulated relevant plans for the construction of typical towns and built a development project library, which will rely on red resources and take the road of "strong industrial town and cultural tourism town". The project library covers projects in different fields such as ecology, industry, and cultural tourism, so that natural ecological restoration and human production and life can be integrated and developed. "We started with the area of the three rivers and six banks within the scope of the polder town, and gradually radiated the development villages with relatively concentrated populations and showed a growth trend, and finally managed the adjustment villages with a large number of people going out. He said.
In order to effectively reduce the disturbance of human activities to the ecological environment, Sanhe Town advocates centralized and intensive land use, and encourages villagers in remote mountainous areas to move to polder towns or concentrated residential areas in their own villages.
In accordance with the provincial, municipal, and county "first build the new and then demolish the old" way of sorting out the construction land, Sanhe Town plans to build a pre-relocation and fast gathering and common prosperity community, the proposed community covers an area of about 23,000 square meters, with a total construction area of about 41,000 square meters, and 12 buildings and 252 suites are arranged for the relocation and resettlement of villagers in hollow villages, geological disaster areas and remote mountainous areas, and the old and dilapidated houses of villagers are replaced by new communities, and the paid exit mechanism of homesteads is promoted and improved.
According to reports, Sanhe Town is carrying out the first round of demolition intention survey, and issued 596 drawings of the town's demolition intention to 12 villages, with a total area of about 203.6 hectares. Zhang Weitao pointed out that "the vacated construction land will be converted into indicators and reasonably allocated to areas where industrial industries are concentrated, so that the original scattered production areas will be more concentrated and intensive, and it will be convenient to concentrate on sewage treatment and other work, which can reduce the impact of human production on the environment on a large scale." ”
What should we do if the villagers have moved away and their agricultural land is still in place? For this reason, Sanhe Town has explored and promoted the large-scale operation of agricultural land consolidation. Two strong village companies were set up at the town level to serve 12 administrative villages, and idle agricultural land was rented to strong village companies to solve the problem of cultivated land abandonment and idleness caused by labor transfer, and to promote "small fields and large fields" and "forest and fruit going up the hill and cultivated land down the mountain", so as to create a concentrated and contiguous farming area. Then, through large-scale circulation and operation, it will be leased to leading agricultural enterprises to promote the development of agricultural modernization. In addition, through various ways such as recovering rice from farming and supporting subsidies, the villagers' enthusiasm for growing grain was activated.
According to statistics, Sanhe Town has completed the transfer of 424 acres of cultivated land. As a provincial-level pilot town for comprehensive land consolidation, Sanhe Town has taken this as an important starting point to provide land element guarantee for the "Millions and Millions Project". The local government plans to add 319 acres of cultivated land, 2,000 acres of large-scale circulation and operation, and vacate 818 acres of construction land.
The improvement of the ecological environment and the improvement of the level and quality of agricultural production have made Sanhe Town more confident in promoting "cultural tourism and rejuvenating the town". Zhang Weitao mentioned: "From these perspectives, we will promote the development of the local cultural and tourism economy, improve the quality of life of the people in the area, improve the overall quality, and form a good atmosphere for ecological protection, which will promote the long-term development of ecological governance from generation to generation." ”
It is worth mentioning that the geographical topography of Sanhe Town is really special, and the six banks of Sanjiang divide a town into three major areas, and the integrated ecological restoration model has neither predecessors nor necessarily comers. They are forging a unique "Three Rivers Road".
Nandu Survey No. 260
Writing/Photography: Nandu reporter Mo Zhihua
Some of the images were provided by the interviewees
![Pakistan flood is plagued - human catastrophe - (Fufeng)2022-9-7 The flood peak is angry and shocking, roaring mountains and rivers violently. In an instant, the sky changed color and collapsed in a few seconds. Cry[fig]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=)