summary
The new quality productivity is the productivity that embodies high-quality development. Compared with traditional productivity, new quality productivity includes the "three new" elements such as new quality workers, labor materials rich in digital intelligence characteristics, and non-material forms of labor objects, with strategic emerging industries and future industries as the leading industries, and scientific and technological innovation as the core drive. The integration of industrial chain, innovation chain, talent chain, and education chain is closely related to new quality productivity. From the perspective of the integration of the "four chains", this study expounds the internal logic of the integration of the "four chains" to empower new quality productivity, and proposes a practical path accordingly, one is to lead the way and speed up the industrial breakthrough, the second is to focus on innovation-driven and break through the ice of science and technology, the third is to focus on talent leadership and take the lead in solving the problem of talents, and the fourth is to deeply integrate the education circle based on the development of education.
【Keywords】
New quality productivity, scientific and technological innovation, talent leading and driving;
Priority is given to education
I. Introduction
General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly pointed out at the symposium on the comprehensive revitalization of Northeast China that it is necessary to actively cultivate strategic emerging industries such as new energy, new materials, advanced manufacturing, and electronic information, actively cultivate future industries, accelerate the formation of new quality productivity, and enhance new momentum for development. The next day, when listening to the work report of the Heilongjiang Provincial Party Committee and Provincial Government, it was once again emphasized that the integration of scientific and technological innovation resources, leading the development of strategic emerging industries and future industries, and accelerating the formation of new quality productivity. In January 2024, General Secretary Xi Jinping for the first time comprehensively and systematically explained the important concepts and basic connotations of new quality productivity at the 11th collective study of the Political Bureau of the 20th CPC Central Committee, and put forward clear guidance on how to promote the accelerated development of new quality productivity. The new quality productivity not only points out the decisive force for stimulating new kinetic energy in the new development stage of the mainland, but also clarifies the key focus of reshaping the new advantages of global competition.
At present, the research on the new quality of productivity is still in the exploratory stage, and the existing research mainly focuses on the theoretical logic, connotation characteristics, value and significance of the new quality of the product, as well as the theoretical elaboration around Marx's classic theory, which lays the foundation for the academic community to deeply understand the new quality of the product. The theory shows that a single factor cannot promote the development of productive forces, and the leap of productive forces depends on the comprehensive allocation and synergy of production factors. In other words, accelerating the formation of new quality productivity is to accelerate the gathering of knowledge, technology, ability, talent and other elements and realize interconnection, forming a virtuous circle of mutual promotion and interaction. Therefore, cultivating new quality productivity and shaping new advantages of high-quality development are inseparable from the organic connection and integration of multi-subject forces. However, at present, there is a lack of research on the discussion of new qualitative productivity from the perspective of multi-agent integration.
In this study, the internal logic of forming a new quality productivity is illustrated by the integration of the "four chains" of industrial chain, innovation chain, talent chain and education chain. The reasons for choosing the "four chains" as the entry point are: First, the new quality productivity takes strategic emerging industries and future industries as the main position, and the focus is on the industrial aspect. The industrial chain embodies the organic combination of the logical sequence of the development of the leading industry, and the introduction of the industrial chain can systematically understand the operation mechanism and value creation process of the leading industry, which is very important for understanding the formation of new quality productivity. Second, the new quality productivity is innovation-driven, and the key to the formation of new quality productivity is self-reliance and self-reliance in science and technology. As a mechanism for organizing and coordinating innovation activities, the innovation chain promotes the flow and transformation of knowledge and technology, and provides a source of innovation for new quality productivity. Third, the development of new quality productive forces depends on core technologies, laborers, and means of production in key fields, and core technologies require self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology, which is inseparable from the talent base provided by the national strategic talent force, and talent has become a strategic resource to promote new quality productivity. Correspondingly, the fundamental position and overall role of education are more significant. The means of production suitable for new quality productivity must rely on workers to use key core technologies in order to fully release value, and it is necessary to give priority to the development of education and innovation-driven, and the development of new quality productivity also needs the support of talent chain and education chain. Therefore, from the perspective of the integration of industrial chain, innovation chain, talent chain and education chain, we should explore new quality productivity, which is consistent with the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, "education, science and technology, and talents are the basic and strategic support for building a modern socialist country in an all-round way." We must adhere to the theoretical logic that science and technology are the primary productive forces, talent is the first resource, and innovation is the first driving force.
From the perspective of local policy follow-up, taking Shandong Province as an example, it has successively issued the "Three-year Action Plan for Strengthening the Integration of the "Four Chains" in Shandong Province and Promoting the Construction and Reform of the Industrial Worker Team (2023-2025)" and "Several Measures to Promote the Integrated Development of the "Four Chains" and other documents, focusing on the implementation of the integrated development mechanism of the industrial chain, innovation chain, education chain and talent chain, with a view to transforming traditional industries, cultivating and expanding emerging industries, and shaping new advantages for high-quality development. It can be seen that the integration of the "four chains" of industrial chain, innovation chain, talent chain and education chain to explore new quality productivity is also practical and relevant to help the implementation of policies.
Second, the theoretical connotation of the new quality of productive forces
Productivity refers to the ability to transform nature formed by the combination of people with labor force and means of production, traditional productivity is a productive force development mode that relies on a large amount of resource input and highly consumes resources and energy, and new quality productivity is to get rid of the traditional growth path and be close to the requirements of high-quality development, and it is a highly integrated productivity in the era of scientific and technological revolution. The new quality productive forces embody the leap of productive forces and are a major theoretical innovation in Chinese-style modernization. Compared with the traditional productive forces, which emphasize the ability to transform nature, the new quality productive forces emphasize scientific and technological innovation as the core drive, seize strategic emerging industries and future industries with key core technologies as the leading position, focus on the leading industry orientation, and rely on scientific and technological innovation.
(1) Definition of new quality productivity
The 11th collective study of the Political Bureau of the 20th CPC Central Committee comprehensively expounded the definition of new quality productivity, that is, the new quality productivity is a contemporary advanced productivity born by technological revolutionary breakthroughs, innovative allocation of production factors, and in-depth industrial transformation and upgrading. The new quality productivity is the quality of advanced productivity in which innovation plays a leading role, gets rid of the traditional economic growth mode and productivity development path, has the characteristics of high technology, high efficiency and high quality, and conforms to the new development concept. It is born by the revolutionary breakthrough of technology, the innovative allocation of production factors, and the deep transformation and upgrading of the industry, with the basic connotation of laborers, labor materials, labor objects and their optimal combinations, and the substantial increase in total factor productivity as the core symbol, characterized by innovation, the key is high quality, and the essence is advanced productivity.
(2) The new quality productivity takes the "three new" elements as the force point
The three elements of productivity refer to the laborer, the means of labor, and the object of labor. The new quality productivity reflects the productivity of high-quality development, and the three elements of labor, labor materials, and labor objects need to adapt to the requirements of high-quality development. Figure 1 shows the three-factor pairing of new and traditional productivity.
First of all, workers with new quality productivity are high-quality talents. Traditional productivity workers mainly rely on manual labor to carry out practical activities, while new productivity workers pay more attention to knowledge innovation and skill application, and have the ability to make scientific discoveries, technological inventions and productization of technical knowledge, so as to cope with complex production environment and demand changes. Combined with the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, it is proposed to deeply implement the strategy of strengthening the country with talents, and the workers who match the new quality productivity should be high-quality talents with both ability and political integrity, including masters, strategic scientists, first-class scientific and technological leaders and innovation teams, young scientific and technological talents, outstanding engineers, craftsmen of great countries, and high-skilled talents.
Second, the labor materials of the new quality productivity are new media rich in the characteristics of digital intelligence. The traditional labor materials of the productive forces are mainly material and mechanical-based tools and equipment, and the new labor materials of the productive forces are injected with more digital and intelligent elements that interweave the virtual and the real, and integrate the digital and the real. Cutting-edge technology penetrates and empowers all things, endowing labor materials with intelligent attributes, virtual reality equipment, artificial intelligence robots, industrial interconnection and other digital labor materials, showing the advantages of high-speed ubiquity, integrated penetration, and integration of heaven and earth in terms of algorithms and computing power, breaking the spatial barrier between industries and greatly improving production efficiency and innovation capabilities.
Finally, the object of labor of the new qualitative productive forces is the new material in its immaterial form. The labor objects in the traditional productivity are mainly material products, and the labor objects of the new quality productivity are immaterial forms, and "data presentation" has become the key feature of labor objects to meet people's growing personalized and intelligent needs.
Generally speaking, the three elements of new quality productivity are interdependent and mutually supportive. With the help of skills, knowledge, application and mastery of labor materials, workers can efficiently exert influence and role on labor objects, achieve production goals and create application value; labor materials continue to iterate to increase the supply of advanced tools for workers, present a platform-based and shared collaboration model, and greatly improve production efficiency and quality; on the contrary, labor needs and applications promote the upgrading of labor materials; labor objects are injected with scientific and technological innovation elements, and labor materials are flexible, Intelligent and interactive functions to meet the operational needs of the labor object. Therefore, the combination of human factors, material factors and science and technology catalyzes the qualitative change of the three elements, thus leaping to a new qualitative stage.
(3) The new quality productivity is based on the leading industry
New quality productivity is the leading industry orientation, focusing on strategic emerging industries and future industries as the carrier, which has the characteristics of rich innovation resources, intensive cutting-edge technology, and cross-integration and application. Different from the industrial chain organization, conventional R&D investment and relatively independent development path under the traditional productive forces, the leading industries of the new quality productivity are developing towards industrial clustering, synergy and ecology with deeper network density. The leading industry originated from the interactive integration of "technology-industry-innovation", penetrated into the whole industrial chain, stimulated new scenarios, new formats and new models, and the market application demand caused by it broadened the industrial technology route, and the diversified technical routes interacted "wrestling" and "entangled", which improved the scope and depth of workers in the development and utilization of diverse labor materials, and contributed to the continuous emergence of a large number of innovative labor objects.
From the perspective of cutting-edge technology, the new quality productivity embodies the characteristics of the times when the frontier technological revolution stimulates the leap in productivity. The vitality and subversive power of the leading industry are reflected in the cross-border integration, entanglement and superposition and co-frequency resonance of key core technologies in the process of industrial modernization. In particular, data elements, as a new factor of production, will run through the whole process of logical evolution of the leading industry from R&D, production to commercialization. The "cicada metamorphosis" caused by the development of core technologies will inevitably lead to fundamental changes in production methods, production relations, business models and governance methods, thereby brewing, catalyzing and activating new quality productivity.
(4) The new quality of productivity is driven by scientific and technological innovation
Science and technology are the primary productive forces. The new quality of productivity needs to integrate scientific and technological innovation resources, which reflects the role of scientific and technological innovation in the endogenous power of new quality productivity. General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly pointed out that "give full play to the leading role of scientific and technological innovation, strive to make new breakthroughs in original innovation, achieve leapfrog development in important scientific and technological fields, promote the independence and controllability of key core technologies, and strengthen the integration of innovation chain and industrial chain". The formation of new quality productive forces is closely related to scientific and technological innovation. On the one hand, China's scientific and technological strength has moved from quantitative accumulation to qualitative surge, and from point breakthroughs to system capacity improvement. From the original innovation of "0 to 1" and "creating something out of nothing", and from the gradual iteration of "1+1>2" integrated innovation, a new generation of digital technology is constantly emerging, showing a trend of integration and embedding and multi-point breakthrough. Digital technology promotes the digital interaction of all entities in the industrial chain innovation chain, and each entity realizes efficient and agile value exchange around data exchange, technology interaction and knowledge exchange. Further, scientific and technological innovation has accelerated the integration of industries and industries, encouraged industries to improve innovation content at a more developed technological level, and consolidated the foundation for the upgrading and modernization of leading industries. On the other hand, benefiting from the "leverage effect" of scientific and technological innovation, the scope of practice and exploration ability of workers have been expanded and improved, relying on the original innovation achievements such as unprecedented major scientific discoveries, technological creations, and principle-based leading technologies, and the ability of workers to perceive the dynamic environment, adapt to complex situations, and reconstruct innovation scenarios have been gradually consolidated and improved, so as to realize the scientific exploration of extreme ecosystems such as deep sea, deep earth, deep space, and deep blue, and promote the continuous transfer of innovation elements and scientific and technological resources to labor objects. At the same time, in the process of promoting industrial development, scientific and technological innovation resources and factors are distributed among laborers, labor materials and labor objects, which produces new combinations of production factors, introduces new production functions, promotes the systematic improvement and promotion of the three major elements of new quality productivity, and promotes the "qualitative" leap of productivity.
It is worth emphasizing that the development of new quality productive forces does not mean the exclusion, negation, and elimination of all traditional productive forces. The development of new quality of productive forces is inseparable from the creative transformation and innovative development of traditional productive forces, and it is necessary to improve the connotation and outdated forms of expression of value that can be used for reference in accordance with the characteristics and requirements of the digital age, and endow them with the connotation and form of expression of the digital age, so that they can adapt to the status quo of new quality productive forces.
The composition of the new qualitative productivity factors is shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 1 The core connotation of new quality productivity
Third, the internal logic of the integration of "four chains" to empower new quality productivity
(1) The definition of "four chains" under the new quality productivity
Industrial chain. This study emphasizes the industrial chain oriented by strategic emerging industries and future industries, focuses on technological innovation and key core technology research, promotes cutting-edge technologies to cross the "Darwin Sea" of industrialization, and finally gives rise to large-scale leading industrial clusters. The main link is "industrial endowment - technological innovation - product research and development - giving birth to clusters", and the core subject is the enterprise. The industrial chain is in a dominant position in the "four chains".
Innovation chain. The new quality of productivity lies in the integration of scientific and technological innovation resources. This study emphasizes the original innovation as the core, takes the industrial docking as the goal, connects different innovation subjects to promote the integration of innovation elements, realizes the "intensive" growth of leading industries through innovation-driven, and finally realizes scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement and enhances the national strategic scientific and technological strength. The main link is "element integration - original innovation - project incubation - industrial docking", and the core subjects are scientific research institutions and universities.
Talent chain. Talent is the most active and decisive dynamic subject in the new quality productivity. The talents in this study refer to the high-quality talents who are compatible with the new quality productivity. The talent chain is based on the quality demand of new quality productivity for laborers, promotes the development and growth of talents in the main battlefield of major scientific and technological innovation, forms national strategic talent forces such as strategic scientists, scientific and technological talents, innovation teams, and outstanding engineers, and ultimately provides a talent resource base for new quality productivity. The main link is "quality requirements - frontier of science and technology - talent development - strategic talents", and the core subject is high-quality workers who match the new quality productivity.
Educational chain. Talent leadership has made the basic status and role of education more prominent. This research and education chain refers to the operation mode in which colleges and universities take discipline training as the core, cooperate with enterprises to jointly educate people for the industry, cultivate talents in line with the needs of strategic emerging industries and future industries, and realize the supply of high-quality talents with new quality productivity. The main link is "knowledge and skills-discipline training-achievement transformation-employment output", and the core subject is colleges and universities. The education chain is different from the talent chain, which is a series of mechanisms and processes that support innovation and industrial development through the training, attraction and retention of high-quality workers, focusing on talent training, talent flow and talent incentives. The education chain is a series of links and mechanisms to cultivate talents with innovative ability and practical ability through the education system and educational resources, focusing on basic education, higher education, vocational education and lifelong education.
(2) The integration of "four chains" empowers new quality productivity
1. The integration of the industrial chain and the innovation chain empowers new quality productivity. The integration of industrial chain innovation chain is to deploy the innovation chain around the industrial chain and lay out the industrial chain around the innovation chain, aiming to promote the innovation chain to play a driving role in the extension of the industrial chain, and promote the growth of the leading industry mainly from the contribution of scientific innovation. The integration of the industrial chain and the innovation chain highlights innovation-driven development, emphasizing the need to get rid of technology supply modes such as technology introduction under the open innovation system, and realize scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement and high-quality technology supply.
Under the traditional productivity, the core technology in key areas of the mainland has encountered a "bottleneck", the conversion rate is not high, and the industry is complete but at the bottom of the smile curve. The means of labor are usually primitive, tangible, and natural resources-based production tools, and the objects of labor are usually dominated by traditional industries and pursue economies of scale, making it difficult to achieve self-reliance and self-reliance in science and technology. The key to self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology lies in the integration of industry and innovation, and self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology happens to be the key to forming a new quality of productivity. Therefore, the integration of the industrial chain innovation chain will help science and technology to become self-reliant and self-reliant, and then improve the new quality productivity.
The integration of industrial chain innovation chain emphasizes the industrial development driven by technological innovation, especially the strategic emerging industries and future industries with new quality productivity as the main industrial position, which have the characteristics of active innovation and technology agglomeration. In practice, the integration of the industrial chain innovation chain gathers a large number of innovation elements, which then changes the labor object and the nature and characteristics of the labor object. On the one hand, the labor objects are more advanced intelligent, automated and programmable, and the labor materials are no longer limited to traditional mechanical and electronic equipment, and gradually evolve into intelligent systems with independent decision-making ability and collaboration ability. For example, intelligent algorithms, artificial intelligence, virtual reality equipment and automated manufacturing equipment, or "high-precision" instruments and equipment that match strategic emerging industries with future industries. On the other hand, the form and texture of labor objects have been changed, and labor objects are no longer limited to traditional material forms, and recycled data resources have become non-material forms of labor objects, thereby promoting the development of digital industrialization and industrial digitization, promoting the integration of digital technology and manufacturing, creating conditions for the development of strategic emerging industries and future industries, and accelerating the formation of new quality productivity.
In addition, the integration of scientific and technological innovation resources injected by the innovation chain of the industrial chain prevents the excessive and disorderly development and use of resources, and avoids the extensive growth driven by resource consumption, labor input and capital in the context of traditional productivity, but the "intensive" growth driven by scientific and technological innovation. Therefore, the integration of the industrial chain and the innovation chain to promote the formation of new quality productivity is an inevitable requirement for high-quality development.
2. The integration of the industrial chain and the talent chain empowers new quality productivity. Human resources are the most active and active production factors in the new quality productivity, and the integration of the industrial chain and the talent chain is to drive the talent chain with the industrial chain, and the talent chain supports the industrial chain to form the talent resource base of the new quality productivity. On the one hand, the industrial chain relies on the demand for talent chains, builds talent chains around the industrial chain, drives talents to strategic industries and future industries, promotes the flow and matching of talents, and enhances the vitality of leading industries. On the other hand, the talent chain and the industrial chain have internal connectivity, the talent chain is linked to the transmission of knowledge, technology and technology, and the industrial chain is a functional network of knowledge, technology and other elements, and knowledge and technology run through the talent chain industrial chain. Talent is the carrier of knowledge and skills, high-quality talents through knowledge sharing, creation and application, for the structural optimization and transformation and upgrading of the leading industrial chain to provide support, especially innovative talents in major scientific and technological research, industrial common key technology research and development and other aspects of the important role, to achieve the independent and controllable industrial chain.
Under the traditional productivity, under the guidance of the baton of scientific research, the talent training and value stimulation focus too much on basic research, and pay insufficient attention to meeting the major national strategic needs and tackling key core technologies. From a deeper level of insight, this is closely related to the mainland's weak national strategic scientific and technological strength in terms of original innovation, disruptive technological innovation, key core technology research and key common technology innovation. In other words, the emergence of new quality productivity requires the support of national strategic talents such as strategic scientists, first-class scientific and technological leaders and innovation teams, and young scientific and technological talents, and the source output of national strategic talent forces is to continuously discover, grow and cultivate among the leaders of strategic emerging industries and future industries. Through the integration of talent resources, the integration of talent chain and industrial chain introduces national strategic talent forces into cutting-edge science and technology, disruptive technology and other key links, promotes the technological innovation and development model reform of the industry, and provides a human resource foundation for the formation of new quality productivity.
Therefore, the integration of the industrial chain and talent chain has increased the capacity of human resources in strategic emerging industries and future industries, promoted the supply-side reform of the talent chain, and provided high-quality talents needed for new quality productivity.
3. The integration of the industrial chain and the education chain empowers new quality productivity. The concept of industrial chain education chain integration comes from the integration of industry and education, and promotes the close combination of talent training and knowledge transformation. From the perspective of the industrial chain, the "new" and "future" characteristics of new quality productivity usually rely on advanced science and technology and innovation achievements, and its industries are usually high-growth, strategic, leading or still in the incubation stage. For example, future networks, flexible electronics, aerospace technology, and new generation information technology, biotechnology, new energy and new materials. As a result, the new quality of productivity is inseparable from workers with profound scientific literacy, broad vision, interdisciplinary understanding ability, and knowledge iteration and continuous learning ability. The education chain is an important way to accumulate high-quality human resources, through the integration with the industrial chain, colleges and universities fully understand the demand for new quality talents in the new quality productivity and related industries, and provide a systematic learning process by adjusting the educational content and training program, so that the talent reserves relevant knowledge and innovative thinking ability. Therefore, talents fully accumulate practical experience in the industrial chain, combine existing technical knowledge and innovative thinking, and bring disruptive technological breakthroughs and innovations to strategic emerging industries and future industries by mastering, revitalizing and innovating labor materials, and promote the formation of new quality productivity.
The new quality productivity is inherently innovation-driven, and the key lies in the breakthrough of key disruptive technologies. The integration of industry and education is different from loosely connected school-enterprise cooperation, which emphasizes the needs of colleges and universities as the core, and the one-way flow of resources from enterprises to schools and students, while the integration of industry and education is based on technological innovation. Taking key core technology research as an example, the education chain provides high-performance equipment and sites for the research and development of key core technologies, and at the same time, high-quality enterprises in the industrial chain provide practical foundation and verification platform for key core technology research by providing real application scenarios.
The integration of industrial chain and education chain reduces the financial pressure and innovation risk brought about by the formation of new quality productivity. Digital technology promotes leading industries to break into the "no man's land", the education chain bears the R&D costs and innovation risks of basic research, the industrial chain bears the market and commercialization risks, and the integration of the education chain and industrial chain promotes benefit sharing and risk sharing. For example, universities produce projects and scientific and technological achievements with major national innovation needs, attract the attention of enterprises and investors in the industrial chain, and integrate the two to jointly carry out technology transformation projects, transform scientific research achievements into products required by strategic emerging industries and future industries, and enterprises provide marketing and commercialization support to share the benefits of the project.
4. The integration of innovation chain, talent chain and education chain empowers new quality productivity. At the end of January 2024, General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly pointed out in the 11th collective study of the Political Bureau of the 20th CPC Central Committee that "in accordance with the requirements of developing new quality productive forces, we must smooth the virtuous cycle of education, science and technology, and talents, and improve the working mechanism of talent training, introduction, use, and reasonable flow". This shows that the integration of innovation chain, talent chain and education chain can achieve synergies and complementary advantages, and plays an important role in accelerating the formation of new quality productivity. The new quality productivity is characterized by innovation, and the talent chain and the education chain provide the human resources required by the innovation chain. By cultivating high-level innovative talents, the talent chain provides the innovation chain with the human resources required for technology research and development and innovation activities. By providing high-quality educational resources and an educational environment that cultivates innovation ability, the education chain provides talents with innovative literacy and practical ability for the innovation chain.
From the perspective of knowledge sharing, the integration of innovation chain, talent chain and education chain promotes knowledge transfer and transformation, and the talent chain and education chain can realize the targeted training of talents through in-depth participation in innovation chain activities. The talent chain and the education chain provide a wealth of knowledge and experience for highly qualified workers, who bring this knowledge and experience to innovative activities. At the same time, the practice and research results in the innovation chain feed back into the talent chain and the education chain, providing them with new knowledge and practical cases. The knowledge sharing process strengthens the positive interaction between the chains.
From the perspective of collaborative innovation, in the innovation chain, the talent chain and the education chain provide professional knowledge and skills in different fields, and provide diversified resources for innovation activities. The participation of the talent chain and the education chain promotes the innovation chain to obtain new ideas and perspectives from multiple fields, and promotes the diversification and interdisciplinary integration of innovation.
From the perspective of talent training and demand docking, the innovation chain meets its own innovation needs through the talent resources provided by the talent chain and the education chain. The talent chain and the education chain understand the needs and trends of the innovation chain through in-depth participation in the activities of the innovation chain, adjust the direction and content of talent training, and improve the effectiveness of talent training. This demand docking process promotes the talent chain and the education chain to better meet the talent needs of the innovation chain and promote the development of new quality productivity.
5. The integration of industrial chain, innovation chain, talent chain and education chain empowers new quality productivity. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that education, science and technology, and talents are the basic and strategic support for building a modern socialist country in an all-round way, and insisted that science and technology are the primary productive forces, talents are the first resources, and innovation is the first driving force, and constantly shape new momentum and new advantages for development. Therefore, the formation of new quality productivity is the process of continuous development of education, science and technology, talent and other forces, that is, the process of deep integration of its corresponding education chain, innovation chain and talent chain with the industrial chain with strategic emerging industries and future industries as the core.
From the perspective of the integration of the "four chains", on the one hand, the industrial chain provides cross-integration applications and disruptive technological innovation resources for the education chain and talent chain, and focuses on the knowledge reserve and skill structure requirements of the high-quality development of the leading industry for workers, and "reinstills" the innovative resource elements of the leading industry into the education chain and talent chain, so as to promote the integration of the education chain and the talent chain, and force the supply-side reform of the education chain and the talent chain. As a result, the technological innovation of the industrial chain and the discipline training of the education chain and the talent chain promote each other, realize the mutual coordination of talent training resources and innovation elements, realize the close connection of the innovation chain, and form a talent-led drive. On the other hand, new quality productivity relies on innovation-driven, and the key lies in core technology breakthroughs in key areas. The close combination of core technology breakthroughs with workers, labor materials, and labor objects realizes the application of technological innovation in leading industries, and iteratively generates an innovation driving force with abundant kinetic energy, majestic potential energy, and lasting efficiency. The "four-chain" integration integrates core innovation elements such as data, computing power and digital technology into the industrial chain and innovation chain, and integrates the talent education and training matched by science and technology, talents and new quality productivity into the leading industries to form innovation-driven development. In the process of cultivating 100 billion and trillion leading industries, we will continue to add scientific and technological innovation content, and integrate new labor materials such as digital technology, data elements and digital platforms into the extension and strengthening of the industrial chain, so as to form scientific and technological self-reliance and self-reliance. Therefore, the integration of the "four chains" to jointly empower new quality productivity just proves the scientific assertion that "insisting that science and technology are the primary productive forces, talents are the first resources, and innovation is the first driving force".
In order to more clearly describe the process of "four chains" integration to empower new quality productivity, a model diagram was drawn in this study, which is shown in Figure 2 for details. Under the integration of multiple chains, the key nodes of different chains are effectively connected. The main nodes of the industrial chain are "industrial endowment-technological innovation-product research and development-spawning clusters"; the main nodes of the innovation chain are "factor integration-original innovation-project incubation-industrial docking"; the main nodes of the talent chain are "quality requirements-scientific and technological frontiers-talent development-strategic talents"; and the main nodes of the education chain are "knowledge and skills-discipline training-achievement transformation-employment output". In the series direction of the chain, the number of main nodes of each chain is the same, which lays the architectural foundation for the longitudinal parallel integration of the main steps of different chains. In the longitudinal parallel direction, the main nodes of each chain are fused and connected. The first stage is the dormant stage of new quality productivity, and the quality requirements, knowledge and skills, factor integration and industrial endowment are combined with each other. The scientific spirit, innovative spirit and critical thinking of the talent chain are superimposed on each other as quality requirements and the knowledge and skills of the education chain, combined with new elements such as data and algorithms in the innovation chain and the industrial chain resource endowment of emerging industries and future industries, so as to provide conditions for the cultivation of new quality productivity. At this stage, a resource base for the development of new quality productive forces was formed. The second stage is the stage of building momentum for new quality productivity, and the frontier of science and technology, discipline training, original innovation and technological innovation are integrated and mutually promoted. The original innovation of the innovation chain focuses on the "0-1" stage of innovation, encourages free exploration, and emphasizes the original orientation. The technological innovation of the industrial chain focuses on the innovation of the "1-N" stage, emphasizes market orientation, and the integration of original innovation and technological innovation helps to achieve self-reliance and self-improvement in scientific and technological innovation. The frontier of science and technology in the talent chain requires talent training to pay attention to an international vision, promote the discipline training of the education chain to keep up with the general trend of world science and technology, and benchmark the world-class level. At this stage, the source of innovation to promote new quality productivity is formed. The third stage is the stimulation stage of new quality productivity, and product research and development, project incubation, achievement transformation and talent development support each other. The education chain and innovation chain provide screening and cultivation for the product research and development of the industrial chain, support its transformation into a sustainable business field, and provide development opportunities and practice platforms for the talent chain, so as to promote the career development and innovation ability of talents. This stage promoted the transformation process of commercialization of leading industries based on new quality productivity. The fourth stage is the transition stage of new quality productivity, which gives rise to clusters, industrial docking, employment output and strategic talents. The innovation chain activates the cluster effect of the industrial chain, and realizes the improvement of the scale and innovation advantages of strategic emerging industries and future industries. Strategic talents are an important force to support the mainland's high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-reliance, and the innovation chain and industrial chain provide a platform and opportunity for the emergence and growth of national strategic talents. At the same time, the transformation and upgrading of the industrial chain will provide more actual jobs for employment in the education chain. This phase drives a major leap in new quality productivity.
Figure 2 The integration of "four chains" empowers new quality productivity
Fourth, the practical path of "four chains" integration to empower new quality productivity
(1) Adhere to the leading guidance and speed up the efforts to break the situation in the industry
The new quality productivity emphasizes the deep transformation and upgrading of the industry, and the traditional productivity model relies on resource-intensive industries, while the new quality productivity is based on strategic emerging industries and future industries as the main position, representing the direction of the latest scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation.
First of all, we should strengthen the construction of strategic emerging industries and future industries. Select key industries with more mature conditions to make breakthroughs, focus on basic materials, chips, high-end components, photoresists, computing power networks and other subdivisions, concentrate on a number of new products with relatively mature technical level, relatively smooth process flow and relatively complete supporting resources, promote technology maturation and process improvement, promote new products across the "Darwin Sea", and realize large-scale market commercialization. Lay out and cultivate future industrial clusters, select frontier fields with relatively strong resource endowments to promote, focus on key directions such as new generation semiconductors, general intelligence, zero-carbon and carbon-negative, and cell engineering, organize and implement future industry incubation acceleration plans, and promote the transformation of technological breakthroughs into industrial clusters. The construction of leading industries is inseparable from the strong support of education, science and technology, and talents, and various entities such as universities, scientific research institutions and enterprises need to play a synergistic role. Colleges and universities adjust the educational content and curriculum to meet the needs of industrial transformation in response to the needs of leading industries. Scientific research institutions continue to face cutting-edge technologies and provide technical support and innovation drive for leading industries. Through the support of education and science and technology, talents can improve their own capabilities and adapt to the needs of industrial development, and transform scientific and technological achievements into practical applications.
Secondly, improve the ability of vocational education service industry development. Establish a modern vocational education system that is connected to the leading industries, activate the participation enthusiasm of the "four chains" and integrate all subjects, and realize the effective integration of the education chain, talent chain, innovation chain and industrial chain within the region. The government balances the input and output of industry-education resources in provinces, cities, districts and counties, mobilizes the initiative of universities, enterprises and other entities, and shapes a long-term mechanism for the integration of industry and education in line with the new development concept. Explore the apprenticeship system with Chinese characteristics, and integrate the "four chains" to integrate all subjects around their needs, collaborate and cultivate talents, jointly build practical education goals, and share high-quality educational resources. Build a high-quality dual-teacher team, build a "college teacher-enterprise master" dual-teacher team, and promote the training of apprentices in multiple fields and skills in the new era, so as to meet the targeted needs of the leading industry for high-quality workers.
Finally, strengthen the support of talents around the development of leading industries. Focusing on leading industries and key technology fields, we will establish an expert database at home and abroad, encourage experts to carry out project cooperation and introduce achievements in flexible and diverse forms, flexibly develop and use expert intellectual resources, and provide expert talent support for the integration of various entities of the "four chains". At the same time, we will carry out major innovation projects at home and abroad, and actively strive for leading talents and management talents in key technological innovation breakthroughs in the industrial field. Pay attention to the income distribution policy oriented by knowledge value, ability and creation, and expand the ways for technology research and development personnel to obtain reasonable income, especially in the "four chains" integration of key technology breakthroughs, the implementation of major projects in the urgently needed talents, can implement flexible wage system, project salary system, performance salary and other salary incentive methods, activate the enthusiasm of talent innovation.
(2) Pay attention to innovation-driven, and break through the ice in science and technology
Traditional productive forces mainly rely on the allocation of labor, capital and other resources, and achieve economic growth by improving production efficiency and scale, and adopt a standardized and large-scale productivity model. However, the development of new quality productivity is to give birth to new industries, new models and new kinetic energy through disruptive technologies and cutting-edge technologies, and the essence lies in scientific and technological innovation and technological revolutionary breakthroughs.
First of all, facing the major strategic needs of the country, we will achieve key technology research. Considering the urgent needs and long-term goals of the country, we will focus on key core technologies and strengthen originality and leading scientific and technological research. For example, breakthroughs have been made in the fields of photoresists, high-purity targets, high-temperature alloys, high-performance fiber materials, large-size silicon wafers, and electronic packaging materials in the new materials industry, so as to ensure the modernization of the industrial chain in key fields such as deep-sea mining and microelectronics manufacturing, and achieve a counterattack and leadership in core technologies.
Second, strengthen the national strategic scientific and technological strength and enhance the ability to curate scientific and technological innovation. Focusing on the core areas of leading industries and strategic frontier products, we aim at advanced technologies, key common technologies, and core disruptive technologies, and concentrate on scientific research elites to carry out scientific and technological research. Support the "chain master" enterprises of the leading industrial chain to lay out multi-field and collaborative innovation pilot zones, participate in the layout and construction of national key laboratories and technological innovation centers, and occupy the commanding heights of future scientific and technological development. Relying on the advantages of universities and scientific research institutes in disciplines and basic research, they will combine their intellectual resources with industrial innovation resources, promote the collaborative cooperation of universities, scientific research institutes and high-tech industrial parks, jointly build future industrial science and technology parks, national university science and technology parks, and future industrial technology research institutes, support the park to strengthen hardware investment in scientific and technological innovation carriers, promote the park and the government to jointly explore and explore the collaborative technical research system, and build a first-mover advantage in major scientific and technological fields.
Finally, it is necessary to build a system for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements and accelerate the industrialization process of scientific and technological achievements. Improve the large market system of scientific and technological innovation elements, coordinate diversified and high-quality scientific and technological resources, plan proof-of-concept centers, pilot maturation platforms and other carrier platforms to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into productivity, and promote scientific researchers to take the "first step" in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and run through the technology transfer path of "achievement cultivation - sample selection - proof of concept - pilot maturation - project preparation - capital investment - transformation and landing". Actively explore the reform of the ownership of scientific and technological achievements and the reform of achievement evaluation, and form a normalized roadshow mechanism for scientific and technological achievements. Promote science and technology finance to support the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and financial institutions provide credit services in the fields of intellectual property financing, insurance, loans, and supply chain finance. Give full play to the role of government guidance funds, expand the scale of investment in science and technology enterprises, and explore multiple risk sharing mechanisms.
(3) Focus on talent leadership, and bravely take the lead in talent problem-solving
In the traditional productivity model, workers have basic production operation skills and corresponding professional knowledge to adapt to a relatively simple production environment and process, and the way of working is usually standardized and repetitive, focusing on efficiency and scale. The new quality productivity emphasizes innovation-driven, and puts forward higher requirements for workers' learning ability, innovation ability and adaptability.
First of all, it is necessary to cultivate the strength of national strategic talents. Adhere to the concept that talent is the first resource, and synchronize the development of talents with the implementation of major national strategies and the adjustment of industrial layout. Focusing on the key areas that have advantages and need to be solved urgently, we will implement a more reasonable, active and open talent policy, introduce and attract world-class chief scientists and innovation teams, and cultivate national strategic talents who will lead the future of science and technology with an international perspective. Promote the construction of world-class universities and disciplines, aim at the international frontier of science and technology, and gather a number of national strategic scientific and technological talents such as masters, strategic scientists, first-class scientific and technological leaders, young scientific and technological talents, and outstanding engineers around major scientific and technological innovation projects and major innovation platforms. Focus on key core technologies, modern engineering technologies and disruptive technological innovations and other major scientific and technological directions to select and cultivate talents.
Second, deepen the reform of the talent development system and mechanism. Focusing on strategic emerging industries and future industries, we will transform the advantages of the new national system into the advantages of talent training, and build a leading mechanism for national strategic talents and a cross-cutting, cross-system, and multi-field training resource scheduling mechanism. Improve the system of "unveiling the leader" of the whole chain of suspension, unveiling, practice, evaluation, and rewarding. Explore the mechanism and channels for scientific and technological talents in the field of leading industries to participate in government decision-making, and give full play to the advantages of talents' "smart brains". Innovate the talent evaluation mechanism, overcome the bad tendency of the "four onlys", highlight the evaluation of morality, ability and performance, and give play to the role of the government, the market, and industrial organizations in multiple evaluations.
Finally, improve the talent education and training model. Focusing on advanced technology fields such as artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, digital management, intelligent manufacturing, and industrial Internet, we will strengthen the training of relevant skilled talents, and increase support for talents urgently needed in strategic emerging industries, future industries, and core technologies. Encourage talents to independently choose the direction of scientific research and build an innovative team according to the characteristics of their profession and the development law of the leading industry, so as to promote the all-round connection between the supply structure of talent training and the demand structure of industrial development.
(4) Based on the development of education, we should deeply integrate in the circle of education
Under the traditional productivity model, education usually lacks in-depth cooperation with industry, and the training process mainly relies on the internal educational resources of colleges and universities, pays attention to the teaching of subject knowledge and basic skills, and has a weak ability to adapt to the real working environment. The new quality productivity is based on the leap of laborers, labor materials, labor objects and their optimal combinations as the basic connotation, which requires the integration of industry and education and science and education, the introduction of leading industry needs, core technical problems and practical cases into the teaching content, and the cultivation of talents with practical ability, innovation ability and adaptability.
First of all, it is necessary to construct a development pattern of integration of industry and education. Improve the setting of education majors related to leading industries, and form a discipline and professional system that closely connects the industrial chain innovation chain. Develop disciplines and majors that are in short supply in leading industries such as integrated circuits, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, big data, and cyberspace security. Promote the construction of "new engineering" disciplines related to the needs of strategic emerging industries, such as new energy science and engineering, nanomaterials and technology, new energy materials and devices, microelectronic science and engineering, functional materials, smart grid information engineering and material network engineering. Promote the co-construction and sharing system of the teaching resource library of vocational education around the majors required for new quality productivity, including curriculum education resources, core skills and vocational post standards, covering all core courses and basic courses. Encourage enterprises and universities to jointly develop high-quality teaching materials for strategic emerging industries, future industries, and core technologies of the industry.
Second, promote the two-way connection between supply and demand of industry and education. Actively support leading enterprises in the industry to formulate work plans for the integration of industry and education, and provide guidance services around talent demand forecasting, school-enterprise docking, teaching guidance, skill identification, etc. We will build a characteristic enterprise of integration of industry and education, and build a leading enterprise in the integration of industry and education in the field of cutting-edge industries among central enterprises and state-owned enterprises, private enterprises with sufficient resources, single champion enterprises, and specialized and special new "little giant" enterprises. Enrich the integration of industry and education in running schools, encourage strong vocational colleges to cooperate with enterprises with characteristic characteristics of integration of industry and education, discuss and jointly build incubation platforms such as experimental research centers and technological innovation centers, and promote the joint operation of industrial colleges by both sides to promote the organic connection of the industrial chain and education chain.
Finally, it is necessary to strengthen the ability of education to serve the development of productive forces. Strengthen science education and engineering education, focus on the independent training of top-notch innovative talents, and release the supply of high-quality talents to solve the problem of "bottlenecks" in key core technologies in the field of strategic emerging industries and future industries in the mainland. Following the objective law of the development of science and technology, we should dynamically adjust the discipline setting of higher education and enhance the support and contribution of education to the development of productive forces. It is necessary to coordinate the integrated development of vocational education, higher education, and continuing education, promote the integration of vocational education, industry and education, and science and education, and promote high-quality workers to adapt to the development of productive forces.
This article is intended to be published in the Journal of Shandong University (Philosophy and Social Science Edition), which has been first published on CNKI network, welcome to forward and reprint!
Authors: Zhang Zhixin, Assistant Researcher, Research Center of the General Administration of Customs, Zheng Xiaoming, Tenured Professor, School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, and Qian Chen, Postdoctoral Fellow, School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University.