Written by Zhu Haiyan
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This is an eternal story in the literary world, outlining the deep friendship between Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi.
In 1056, Su Xun went to Beijing with his second son and visited Shilin celebrities. The Su family's father and son shocked the academic community with their talents, and even made a group of students who came to Beijing to take the exam ashamed. In 1057, Su Shi was admitted to the Jinshi with the second place and was only 22 years old. His younger brother Su Zhe also entered the Shi and the first in the same year. Ouyang Xiu dedicated more than 20 articles written by Su Xun to the imperial court, and scholars and doctors rushed to recite them, and Su Xun was also entrusted by the imperial court with the important task of repairing books. As a result, the Su father and son became famous, forming a grand occasion of "three Su articles moving the world". At that time, there was a saying among scholars: "Meishan gives birth to three Sus, and all the plants and trees are withered." ”
/Sansu: Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe Sculpture (Image source: Internet)/
In that imperial examination, Su Shi could have won the first place, and the chief examiner Ouyang Xiu read his article "On the Punishment and Reward of Loyalty" and greatly appreciated it. But this time there was Ouyang Xiu's protégé Zeng Gong, and this exam paper was quite close to Zeng Gong's style, Ouyang Xiu was afraid that recording his disciple as the first would attract criticism, so he set this paper as the second. It was later revealed that the author was Su Shi. Ouyang Xiu praised: "This person is good at reading and using books, and his talent is a head higher than me, and he will be alone in the world in his writings." ”
After that, Su Shi was arranged in the Hanlin Academy to know the system.
Prime Minister Han Qi said: "Shi Zhicai, far-reaching tools, he should be used by the world in the future." ”
The Song Dynasty succeeded the "Prosperous Tang Dynasty" and was known as the "Long Song Dynasty", and its economic and cultural achievements surpassed the Han and Tang dynasties in many aspects. However, compared with the Han and Tang dynasties, the Song Dynasty was in the midst of internal and external troubles from the beginning, and the threat from the north and the west made it impossible for people to sleep at ease, and the long-standing rivalry between friends and traitors in the imperial court also caused the country's righteousness to be lost day by day, and its vitality was greatly damaged. Su Shi is not only the trendsetter of this era, but also the victim on the altar of this era. In addition, Su Shi was originally a pure literati, and his beliefs and character determined that he was bold and open-mouthed. The taboo of officialdom, he not only has it completely, but also allows him to play it vividly and without reservation. He opposed Wang Anshi's radical and inhumane reforms, nor did he agree with the complete abolition of the New Wave conservatives. This independent temperament who does not follow the trend of the times once rebuked Sima Guang, who was in power, as "Sima Niu", which meant that Sima Guang was as stupid as a "cow".
In the fourth year of Xining, Wang Anshi wanted to change the imperial examination and build the school. Su Shi played the emperor and severely criticized Wang Anshi. Wang Anshi implemented the new law, and Su Shi once again discussed its inconvenience. Wang Anshi was furious, and asked the imperial historian Xie Jingwen to discuss his mistakes, and sent them to other places to make a general judgment in Hangzhou.
In September 1071, Su Shi left Beijing, his "secretary" at that time Gao Yu was originally a speculative villain, when Su Shi was ambitious, he patted the horse in front of the master, said all the good things, if you want to eat sweet, he will send honey; if you want to eat sour, he will give you vinegar, which makes Su Shi's heart itchy and sweet. When Gao Yu saw that the master had offended Wang Anshi, the prime minister of the dynasty, and his general trend had gone, he didn't even have to send a few steps to deal with it, not because he was cowardly, but ruthless, he wanted to cross the river and break the bridge, unload the mill and kill the donkey, and Su Shi was cut in two. This not only made Su Shi feel cold, but also angry. It was this shameless villain, in the dirty officialdom of the Northern Song Dynasty, who finally climbed to the high position of Taiwei, who was a minister.
Is it strange? Not at all! If it is regarded as strange, there will be no market for people like Gao Yu. Because it is not surprising, this kind of talent will emerge in an endless stream in previous and subsequent dynasties, and it is not uncommon.
/Portrait of Wen Yanbo of the Northern Song Dynasty Famous Ministers (Image source: Internet thanks to the painter)/
The villain didn't come, the real gentleman came. This person is Wen Yanbo, who holds an important position in the DPRK. Wen Yanbo was born in Jiexiu, Shanxi Province in 1006 and was a famous politician during the Northern Song Dynasty. In 1048, he was promoted to Tongping Zhangshi and became the prime minister because of his meritorious revolt against the king of peace. He was deposed in 1051 and revisited in 1055. He has been in the prime minister for 50 years, and he is an important minister of the Song Dynasty and has the reputation of being a virtuous minister. He always opposed Wang Anshi's change of law, and Su Shi was a political "friend", so he rushed to Dumen to see Su Shi off.
Wen Yanbo advised Su Shi not to say much about the government affairs, the disaster comes from the mouth, and if you say too much, you will lose, and there has been no practice of freedom of speech since the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty. He also advised him not to write poems indiscriminately, it doesn't matter if he writes a little bit of wind and snow, and he should not involve the government and politics, so as not to cause trouble again.
Su Shi understands the kindness of the older generation very well, and also knows that there are a group of people who always stare at him with their eyes open, and they want to beat him to death with a stick against his words and poems. Hearing Wen Yanbo's advice, Su Shi shed two lines of tears.
This time, he chose Shashui to go southwest through Taikang, passing through Chenzhou, where he planned to stay for a few days, and then go to Hangzhou along Yingshui.
/Su Shi Su Zhe Brothers Gathering (Image Source Network)/
At this time, Su Zhe was an official in Chenzhou, and he gathered in Chenzhou, and the two brothers could also vomit their chests. Although it was July, Chenzhou was not very hot because of its proximity to Yingshui. After entering the court as officials, the brothers spent nearly two months together in Chenzhou. The gentle Yingshui and the family affection of the compatriots washed away Su Shi's worries. In September, Su Zhe sent his brother's family from Chenzhou to Yingzhou. At this time, their teacher, Ouyang Xiu, as a bachelor of the Wendian and a young master of the crown prince, had been living in Yingzhou for 3 months.
Su Shi's letter from Yingshui to the south and stopped in Yingzhou had reached Ouyang Xiu's hands for many days, and he had made careful arrangements for the activities of the Su brothers in Yingzhou. Although he no longer has a position, has lost his power, and is just a retired old man, according to his character and great influence in literature, in the small city of Yingzhou, he still does not lose the energy of calling for wind and rain. The literati and officials of the "amateur poetry society" in Yingzhou have already patted their chests in front of Ou Gong and said: You speak out, everything will be handled by us. Some of the disciples who studied under Ouyang Xiu spoke even more heart-to-heart, calling the great writer and great poet Su Shi a senior brother, and they said to Ouyang Xiu: Senior brother comes to Yingzhou, we will never let the teacher have a son, everything is covered by us. The generosity and enthusiasm of the people of Yingzhou for Su Shi will be brought into full play by them.
Ouyang Xiu was honest and honest, and he had something to say first, and he did not spend a penny of public funds on the Yingzhou government to receive the Su brothers. At that time, Yingzhou was too guarded, he ran to Ouyang Xiu and begged bitterly: Didn't you slap me in the face? Although Brother Su Shi came to see your old man, after all, I and Su Shi were officials in the same dynasty, and when he arrived in Yingzhou, I had to do my best to be a landlord and offer a glass of thin wine!
In order to receive the number one writer of our time, Yingzhou Taishou is not afraid of the so-called punishment. In this way, Su Shi and Su Zhe arrived in Yingzhou for the first time The right to host the dinner was still robbed by Yingzhou Taishou.
The banquet for the reception of the Su brothers was arranged in Juxing Hall. Although Yingzhou Taishou paid the money, it was Ouyang Xiu who sat in the chief position, and Su Shi and Su Zhe sat on both sides. The literati of Yingzhou sat in order of age. Too modest, sitting in the position of paying the bill. Su Shi has been in Bianjing for many years, and he has not obtained such relaxation and freedom, he drank a lot, talked a lot, and when it came to emotion, tears flowed. What exactly was said, Mr. Wang Qiusheng, a well-known scholar in Fuyang who studied Ou and Su, did not dig up verifiable texts, and I dare not speculate here.
(Image source: Internet, thanks to the painter)
The next day, Ouyang Xiu accompanied the Su brothers and their families to visit the West Lake, and the luncheon was naturally arranged very properly by Ouyang Xiu's disciples. Su Shi visited the Girl's Terrace, Qinglian Pavilion, West Lake Academy, Feigai Bridge, Yiyuan Bridge, Wangjia Bridge, Qingfeng Pavilion, Liuyi Hall and the Old Hall with great interest. After three glasses of wine, Su Shi suddenly shouted: Hurry up and get a pen, I'm going to write a poem!
After sending the pen, ink, paper and inkstone, Su Shi waved it and wrote a poem "Accompanying Ouyang to the West Lake":
It is said that the public side is as strong as snow,
It is said that the prince is old and has bare cheeks.
Drink wine on the lake,
After getting drunk, the drama is still intense.
Lakes Plants and Trees New Arrivals Frost,
Hibiscus evening chrysanthemum is brilliant.
Flower arrangement and dancing for public life,
It is said that a hundred years old is like the wind.
……
The words are full of admiration for Ouyang Xiu. After Su Shi finished writing a poem, others began to provoke Su Zhe: You also want to write a poem dedicated to the teacher. So Su Zhe wrote a poem "Accompanying Young Master Ouyang Yongshu to Banquet Yingzhou West Lake". They drank and wrote poems in the West Lake, talked freely, and did not return to Yingzhou City until the sun set.
One day, Ouyang Xiu invited the Su brothers to his apartment and let them look at the stone screen that he had treasured for many years. For this stone screen, Ouyang Xiujia Youzhi wrote in the article "The Book with Chen": "The stone screen is a strange thing, which can be cherished. But if you don't have a piece in the middle, it won't be a device, and you must take it early. This thing has not been seen anywhere else. There are many sophistications in the stone screen, and there is no simpler and more wonderful workmanship. Although this screen is missing, it also makes Su Shi sigh. After viewing, according to Ouyang Xiu's meaning, that is, the poem "Ouyang Young Master Ling's Stone Screen":
(Image source: Internet, thanks to the painter)
Who left the stone screen, there are traces of ink and wash.
Don't draw long forests and giant plants,
Alone painted the lonely pine of immortality on the snowy ridge of Emei Mountain.
The cliff collapse stream is absolutely unreachable, and the lonely smoke and sunset are misty.
The wind is in a true state, and it depicts the beginning of the belief that there is work.
I am afraid that Bi Hong and Wei Yan will die and be buried on the mountain, and their bones will rot and their hearts will be poor.
The ingenuity of the gods came out of nowhere, and they turned into smoke and stones.
Ancient painters were not laymen, and they copied objects slightly like poets.
Yu Gong did not meet the poet, and did not make the second son cry angrily in the palace.
This poem is a very famous poem written by Su Shi, and the "Stone Drum Song" written by him during the Fengxiang period is also a famous poem in ancient Chinese literature. At the invitation of Ouyang Xiu, Su Zhe also wrote a poem "Ouyang Gong's Stone Screen".
In the days of Yingzhou, Su Shi also wrote a poem "Second Rhyme Yang Bao Early Spring" for Yang Bao, the general judge of Yingzhou. Yang is Su Shi's Sichuan hometown, and he loves calligraphy, painting, gold and stone strange play. In addition, the Su brothers also wrote a large number of calligraphy works for the literati in Yingzhou. At that time, the people who danced and wrote were not as important as some so-called calligraphers now, who valued money as much. The Kuangda Su Shi values friendship, coupled with Su Shi's proud and righteous character, he generously met the requirements of the literary friends with a stroke of paper.
I once discussed with Mr. Wang Qiusheng, a famous scholar in Fuyang, a question of whether we could find a way to find Ouyang Xiu's stone screens and the calligraphy works of Ou and Su in those old households in Fuyang, even if I found a small work of one square foot, and auctioned it for hundreds of millions of yuan at Guardian or Poly auction. Then you can build a "European and Soviet Culture Museum" on the site of Juxing Hall or Qingying Pavilion. Qiusheng laughed: "I'm afraid that if you dig three feet into the ground, it will be difficult to find the sages' pieces of paper and ink, and the wind and rain of thousands of years of history have wiped out everything that is extremely precious." ”
/Xiumei Fuyang Song Dynasty called Yingzhou ( picture source network) /
I was very stunned. Yingzhou, Yingzhou, while you are developing and prospering, you have lost too much, too much......
The Su brothers were in Yingzhou for more than a month, Su Shi was going south to Hangzhou, and Su Zhe was going north to Chenzhou. Su Shi wrote "Yingzhou Chubei Zi by the Second Song" with tears. In the first poem, he writes:
Sail to the west wind,
Don't tear your eyes.
It is useless to stay in the company,
Take this opportunity to take a moment's notice.
I was born three times,
This is especially sour and cold.
……
This poem is full of tears and blood, pathos, compassion, and heartbreaking.
At the end of September, Su Shi boarded the boat from Yingzhou and went straight down the river, and Ouyang Xiu led the disciples of Yingzhou to bid farewell at the dock with tears. On the third day, the boat sailed out of Yingkou and entered the Huai River. Looking far to the east, but seeing the maple leaves and reeds on both sides of the river, it is a Mid-Autumn Festival scene. The Bagong Mountain on the south bank gradually came into view. So Su Shi was poetic, and wrote a poem "Out of Yingkou, the first time I saw Huai Mountain, it was to Shouzhou", the poem:
I walk day and night to the rivers and seas,
Maple leaf reed flowers grow in autumn.
Changhuai is confused far and near,
Hisashi Aoyama Ship Low Depression.
Shouzhou has seen the white stone tower,
The short one did not turn to Huangmaogang.
The wave hand wind is soft and can't be seen,
The old man has stood for a long time, and the smoke is vast.
/Fuyang West Lake Song Dynasty called Yingzhou (picture source: Internet)/
On November 28, 1071, Su Shi arrived in Hangzhou, and the scene of Yingzhou made him unforgettable for a long time, Yingzhou has become the harbor of his soul, the spiritual home, all the unhappiness and tribulation, where are ironed and washed by Yingshui, the West Lake of Yingzhou is a landscape painting of envy hanging in his heart, more and more fresh. In Hangzhou, he wrote a lot of poems about Yingzhou, including "The Old Hall of the Ouyang Young Master's Association", "The Second Rhyme of the Old Hall with Ouyang Shaojiao", "The Second Rhyme of Zhao Shaoshi", "Sending Ruyin Young Master" and so on.
On July 23, 1072, Ouyang Xiu died of illness in Yingzhou at the age of 66. The bad news came, Su Shi, who was the general judge of Hangzhou at the time, mourned the priest in the lonely mountain of Hangzhou, and made the "Tribute to Ouyang Wenzhong Official Document", he said: "Ouyang Gong Wenzhong, a veteran of culture and education, standing on the hill, planting Dong Chuanfu, forty years of meritorious service, a moment out of favor, centrifugal and detached, the first emperor was worried about the public, and the latter lord was grateful to the public, and the family and country were also revived because of the public. In the vast sea, where to find the body of the public. ”
He said: "The public text, the public word, and the public learning are all Shilin style, and I have been for a long time." Because I have to visit the loyal monument, the way of the public today, the text is not dead, and the pen is not destroyed, the words of the Wenjun: Although the power of one person is small, the saint of Kyushu is ......"
And wrote a poem "Crying Ouyang Gong Lonely Mountain Monk Hui En Shows Small Poems and Rhymes": "The old man has been soiled, and the mourning sideburns are also shocking." I still like to go down the lonely mountain, meet and talk about the old tour. He expressed his deep nostalgia for Ouyang Xiu. (To be continued)
Introduction of Zhu Haiyan
Zhu Haiyan, a native of Lixin, Anhui Province, enlisted in the army in 1976 and served as a soldier, platoon commander, deputy instructor, and cultural officer of the division's Political Department in the Seventh Division of the Railway Corps.
In 1983, he was transferred to the "Railway Soldier" newspaper, and in February 1984, he was transferred to the "People's Railway" newspaper and served as a reporter, chief reporter and chief reporter. In 1998, he served as editor-in-chief, president and editor-in-chief of China Railway Construction News, and a senior reporter. In March 2010, he was transferred to the Engineering Management Center of the Ministry of Railways as the deputy director at the bureau level, specializing in the writing of railway construction reports.
The winners of the 6th Fan Changjiang Journalism Award are the "four batches" of talents in the national propaganda system, leading figures in China's press and publishing circles, and senior experts directly controlled and contacted by the central government. He has won the China Journalism Award eight times, won the first and second prizes of provincial and ministerial news awards more than 90 times, and won the "Five One Project" award of the Central Propaganda Department for his long-form reportage "There is War in the North". He has published 40 collections of various works, with a total word count of 20 million words. He enjoys the allowance of the State Council and is a member of the Chinese Writers Association.
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