Birthplace of the "Peking Model" •
The former site of Songzhuang, the headquarters of the Pingjin Campaign
This year marks the 75th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China and the 10th anniversary of the implementation of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development strategy. On January 11, 75 years ago, the General Front Committee of the Pingjin Campaign and the Pingjin Campaign Headquarters moved to Songzhuang Village, Tongxian County. On January 31, the Battle of Pingjin ended. On February 1, the General Front Committee of the Pingjin Campaign set out from Songzhuang Village and entered Beiping. During this period, major historical events such as the "Liberation of Tianjin", the "Third Peace Talks in Beiping", and the "Peaceful Liberation of Beiping and the Reception of Beiping" took place, making Songzhuang Village the command place of the Pingjin Campaign, the starting point of the front station for the Party Central Committee's "entry into Beijing to rush for the examination", and the birthplace of the "Beiping Model" of the Pingjin Campaign. The "Red Songzhuang Exhibition Hall" in Songzhuang Village comprehensively displays and records this important historical moment.
Today, 75 years later, the Voice of the City Broadcasting Sub-Center of Beijing Radio and Television Station, the Voice of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Broadcasting, Hebei Radio and Television News Broadcasting, and Tianjin Radio and Television News Broadcasting have launched "New China Comes from Here - Searching for the Red Traces in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei", inviting you to walk into the former site of Songzhuang, the Pingjin Campaign Headquarters.
Songzhuang Town, Songzhuang Village Committee Cadre Commentator Wang Chunxia (right)
Beijing Radio and Television City Radio Host Li Yaoxin (left)
Host of Tongzhou District Financial Media Center Li Zhengyu (in the picture)
Songzhuang Town, Songzhuang Village Committee Cadre Commentator Wang Chunxia (right)
Beijing Radio and Television City Radio Host Li Yaoxin (left)
During the interview
Battle of Songzhuang and Pingjin
Songzhuang Village is the location of the Pingjin Campaign Headquarters and the location of the General Front Committee of the Pingjin Campaign.
January 2, 1949
The headquarters of the Northeast Field Army was moved from Mengjialou in Jixian County to Songzhuang Village in Tongxian County.
January 10th
In order to unify the leadership and command of the Pingjin Campaign, the Party Central Committee decided to set up the General Front Committee of the Pingjin Campaign.
January 11th
The Pingjin Campaign Headquarters was moved from Mengjialou in Jixian County to Songzhuang Village in Tongxian County.
January 11th
- February 1
During the 21 days of the Pingjin Campaign's General Front Committee in Songzhuang:
(1) The negotiation between our representative and Fu Zuoyi's representative Deng Baoshan at Wuli Bridge departed from the Songzhuang headquarters;
(2) The order to attack Tientsin was issued from here;
(3) The mobilization and deployment of the Chinese People's Liberation Army into the city was deliberated and decided here.
January 31
The Battle of Pingjin ended.
February 1
The General Front Committee of the Pingjin Campaign set out from Songzhuang Village and entered Beiping.
February 3rd
The entrance ceremony was held and the military parade was held on the arrow gate tower.
1. Why Songzhuang
The Party Central Committee decided to organize a telegram from the General Front Committee of the Pingjin Campaign
With the advancement of the war, in order to more conveniently control and command the battle situation in Pingjin and Tang, on January 11, 1949, the Pingjin Campaign Headquarters was moved from Mengjialou in Jixian County to Songzhuang Village in Tongxian County.
After the end of the Liaoshen Campaign, it faced the liberation of North China. Songzhuang is strategically located closer to Beiping and Tianjin. In Songzhuang, on the one hand, it was more convenient to command and understand the battle situation in Tianjin, and on the other hand, it was more convenient to negotiate with Fu Zuoyi. At the same time, the underground work and mass foundation here are good. The Pingjin Battle Headquarters was thus chosen in Songzhuang Village.
2. "Spring Festival in 1949"
"The Spring Festival of 1949", author: Wang Yuejin
In the preface hall of the Red Songzhuang Exhibition Hall, the 7.8-meter-long and 1.8-meter-wide "Spring Festival of 1949" presents a panoramic view of the 1949 Pingjin Campaign Headquarters and the General Front Committee of the Pingjin Campaign moved to Songzhuang Village, and the officers and soldiers of the army celebrated the Spring Festival with the villagers. The picture not only depicts the magnificence of the war years, but also shows the warm and warm military and civilian fish and water conditions. The painter Wang Yuejin adopted a combination of Chinese and Western ink painting techniques, and created the work based on the memories of the old people in the village and relevant historical materials. It includes 12 historical stories, and the scenes of buying supplies and blowing up squeaky boxes and pasting Spring Festival couplets for the New Year are immersive.
1
What is the Pingjin Campaign Command like?
The four adjacent quadrangles where the headquarters is located
Wang Dianqing of Songzhuang Village was a civil affairs cadre in the village during the Pingjin Campaign, responsible for the purchase of materials other than grain, such as vegetables and firewood, and had been in and out of the headquarters many times. According to his recollections, in the four adjacent courtyards where the headquarters was located, the crowds that often came and went from west to east were mainly cavalrymen, guard troops, communicators, and chiefs. Therefore, it is speculated that its functional divisions are cavalry station, guard station, communication room, and war room.
2
What is the architectural style of the former site of the Pingjin Campaign Headquarters?
Photo of the former site of the Pingjin Battle Headquarters
The old site is Wang Zhenguo's private house, mainly for residential functions, divided into 10 relatively independent spaces, the minimum is about 25 square meters, the maximum is about 60 square meters.
The gatehouse of these two courtyards is more special, and the top style of the gatehouse is a fusion of the three traditional ridge styles of ancient buildings: hoop head ridge, rest mountain ridge and temple ridge, which is relatively rare in the ancient buildings in the suburbs of Beijing. In addition, there is a passage door in the main courtyard of the two courtyards, so that the east and west courtyards are connected, and also communicate with the outer courtyards, and the internal and external courtyards are connected, which is a whole in form, which is convenient to contact in practical terms, and can also prevent the occurrence of special circumstances. This kind of design is also ingenious, and it is rare in ancient buildings on the outskirts of the city.
3
Where does the marshal live?
Schematic map of the marshal's address
100 meters east of the former site of the headquarters, there is a three-courtyard house facing east, which is the temporary residence of the general general of the Pingjin Campaign in Songzhuang. According to the old man Wang Dianqing's recollection, there were three posts here before.
3. What happened in Songzhuang?
1
Liberation of Tianjin
Chief of Staff of the Northeast Field Army, Commander-in-Chief of the Tianjin Front of the Pingjin Campaign
Liu Yalou's daughter Liu Yuhong
The commander-in-chief of the front line of the Tianjin Campaign was Liu Yalou.
At 10 a.m. on 14 January, 340,000 men from 22 divisions of seven columns of the Northeast Field Army launched a general attack on the Kuomintang defenders in Tianjin, equipped with artillery, tanks, and armored vehicles. At 15 o'clock the next day, the battle ended, which lasted 29 hours, took Tianjin, and captured the garrison commander Chen Changjie alive.
In the Battle of Tianjin, the underground party personnel made great contributions.
2
Peacefully liberate Beiping and take over Beiping
Kuomintang Fu Zuoyi sent representatives to formally negotiate with the PLA on three occasions. Among them, the third negotiation site was located in Wuliqiao, Tongxian County (now Chaoyang District).
· Negotiators
Our representatives: members of the General Front Committee of the Pingjin Campaign and Su Jing
Fu Zuoyi Group: Deng Baoshan, Zhou Beifeng
1
On January 13, Deng Baoshan, as Fu Zuoyi's plenipotentiary representative, came to Wuli Bridge with Zhou Beifeng. In the afternoon, members of the General Front Committee of the Pingjin Campaign and Su Jing came to Wuliqiao from the Songzhuang headquarters to negotiate with Deng Baoshan and Zhou Beifeng. Nie Rongzhen said: "In the last talks, the deadline for replies was set on 14 July, but now there are only a few hours left. Deng Baoshan asked if we wanted to attack Tianjin? We replied in the affirmative, and said: We can fight in three days. Deng Baoshan didn't believe it.
2
From 10 a.m. on January 14 to 15 a.m. the next day, after 29 hours of fierce fighting between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the Kuomintang defenders in Tianjin surrendered and the Battle of Tianjin ended. At noon on the 14th, Deng Baoshan and his entourage came to Wuli Bridge again and were greeted by the General Front Committee of the Pingjin Campaign.
3
On the morning of January 15, the General Front Committee of the Pingjin Campaign continued negotiations with Deng Baoshan and Zhou Beifeng, and Liu Yalou commanded the attack on Tianjin under Yang Liuqing.
4
The Pingjin Battle Headquarters during Songzhuang
The contents of the telegram exchange between the General Front Committee of the Pingjin Campaign and Mao Zedong
On the afternoon of 16 January, the General Front Committee of the Pingjin Campaign came from Songzhuang to Wuliqiao to continue negotiations with Deng Baoshan and Zhou Beifeng on the peaceful settlement of the Beiping and Suiyuan issues. First of all, our side pointed out: "Now the whole situation is favorable to us, and it is impossible to hold on to Beiping. However, in order to protect the residents and city of Peiping, we still hope to resolve the issue peacefully, but we must not delay any longer. "We make three demands:
(1) Limit Fu to deploy one army to an area of 15 to 30 kilometers outside Beiping on January 21, and other troops will be driven out one after another;
(2) Set up a joint command post for Fu Fang's troops at Deshengmen;
(3) After this action is realized, we can send the head of the army into the city.
Finally, the representatives of the two sides signed the agreement on the principle of peaceful liberation in Beiping.
5
On January 17, Ye Jianying and Peng Zhen arrived at the Pingjin Campaign Headquarters and jointly studied and deployed the specific work of taking over Beiping after the peaceful liberation of Beiping, and it was also the only time in the Liberation War that four marshals jointly studied strategic issues. Songzhuang Village is the starting point for the General Front Committee of the Pingjin Campaign to be the front station of the Party Central Committee to enter Beijing to catch up with the examination and practice the spirit of "entering Beijing to catch the examination".
6
On January 19, the "Agreement on the Peaceful Settlement of the Problem in Beiping" was drafted.
7
On January 21, Su Jing, a representative of the Pingjin Front Command of the People's Liberation Army, and Fu Zuoyi, a representative of Wang Kejun and Cui Zaizhi, signed the agreement. The central content of the "agreement" is: to quickly end the war in the Beiping area, so that the peace that the people have longed for for a long time can be realized, to preserve the industrial and commercial foundation and cultural relics and historic sites, so that the material wealth of the country and the people will not be lost. The signatures of the representatives of the two sides drew a successful conclusion to the negotiations on the peaceful liberation of Beiping.
3
Peacefully liberate Beiping and take over Beiping
The Kuomintang defenders accepted a peaceful reorganization
1
At 10 a.m. on 22 January, the two sides ceased fighting. The Kuomintang troops began to withdraw from Beiping one after another, to the designated place, to receive the reorganization.
2
The People's Liberation Army entered the city
On January 31, the 64-day Battle of Pingjin came to an end.
Songzhuang: The spirit of the "Beiping model" in pursuit of peace
Songzhuang is the place of planning and departure for the negotiation of the peaceful liberation of Beiping, and it is necessary to dig deep into the historical enlightenment significance of the peaceful liberation model. Su Jing, head of the negotiating delegation, led a team from Songzhuang to promote the peaceful liberation of Beiping.
1
Wise decision-making
Zhou Enlai once said: "We may be the smallest headquarters in the world, but we command a rare major battle in the world.
2
Tactical flexibility promotes peace talks
When Mao Zedong commanded the Pingjin Campaign, he asked to fight the "snake tail" first, feint Zhangjiakou, lead to the 35th Army, the siege and annihilation of Zhangjiakou, the new security battle, and take Tianjin in 29 hours, during which with the assistance of underground party members, jointly promoted three negotiations, and made Bo Zuoyi uprising, etc., and finally achieved the result of the peaceful liberation of Beiping and the liberation of the entire North China.
With January 31, 1949
The Battle of Pingjin ended victoriously
February 3, 1949
A grand ceremony was held to liberate Beiping and enter the city
March 23, 1949
The Party Central Committee moved from Xibaipo to Beiping
The People's Republic of China is about to be born!
New China is coming from here——
Look for the red imprints in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei
The third installment of the series
The birthplace of the "Beiping Model" • The former site of Songzhuang, the headquarters of the Pingjin Campaign
April 17, 2024
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The former site of Songzhuang, the headquarters of the Pingjin Campaign
Source: Pingjin Campaign Headquarters Songzhuang Site Red Songzhuang Exhibition Hall
Photo: Beijing Radio and Television Li Yaoxin, Feng Yi, Yang Xiaoyu