【Science and Technology Perspective】Yu Ningning, Liu Chengbo, Li Zhonghao|The basic characteristics and construction principles of the independent training system for high-level top-notch innovative talents

Abstract: Top-notch innovative talents are the driving force for enhancing the country's independent innovation ability, and firmly taking the road of independent training of top-notch innovative talents is an inevitable choice for the construction of a modern and powerful country in the mainland. The self-cultivation system for high-level top-notch innovative talents has the basic characteristics of independence, systematic, scientific, openness and international advancement, as well as the inclusiveness and heterogeneity of the training environment. To build a high-level independent training system for top-notch innovative talents, we should adhere to goal-oriented, advantageous development, and do a good job in top-level design and overall planning; adhere to a high starting point and high-level construction, strengthen the core strategic position of research universities in the system; adhere to the efficient coordination and harmonious interaction within the system, inside and outside the field, at home and abroad; adhere to the construction of a digital and intelligent system, and empower the independent cultivation of top-notch innovative talents with digital intelligent education.

Key words: top-notch innovative talents, self-training, system

　　Comprehensively improving the quality of independent training of talents puts forward clear requirements for the high-quality development of mainland education in the new era and points out the direction of development. At present, the system of self-cultivation of top-notch innovative talents is not perfect, and the quality of talent training is not high, which is a prominent problem faced by the mainland in the independent training of top-notch innovative talents. To realize the independent training of top-notch innovative talents, it is necessary to deeply understand the internal logic of the interaction and symbiosis of education, science and technology, and talents and the importance of top-notch innovative talents to the modernization of the mainland, grasp the objective law of the growth of top-notch innovative talents, explore the basic characteristics of the independent training system of top-notch innovative talents based on national conditions, and the basic principles that should be upheld in the construction of a high-level talent training system, so as to provide strategic talent support for enhancing the country's scientific and technological innovation strength and realizing the strategy of strengthening the country with science and technology.

　　1. Analysis of the concept of top-notch innovative talents

　　In recent years, the academic research on top-notch innovative talents has achieved rich results, but there is no clear and consistent view on the connotation and extension of top-notch innovative talents. Top-notch innovative talents emphasize outstanding and innovative talents, that is, individuals must first become talents, and further grow into outstanding or outstanding and innovative talents on the basis of becoming talents. Talent is a person with a certain talent, a person with certain professional knowledge or special skills, a person who carries out creative labor and contributes to society, and a worker with high ability and quality in human resources. Some scholars also define talent as "a person who, under certain social conditions, has certain knowledge and skills, and can make some greater contribution to the development of society or a certain aspect of society with his creative labor." It can be seen that talent is not only a group with high ability and quality in human resources, but also has a certain degree of progress, creativity and extensiveness. Top-notch innovative talents have higher evaluation standards for the excellence (top-notch degree), creativity and social contribution of talents. It can be understood that top-notch innovative talents should be a combination of outstanding intellectual or professional talents, outstanding innovation consciousness and ability, as well as noble moral character and social responsibility.

　　In practice, top-notch talents are usually narrowed to people with excellent subject learning ability or people with talent in learning, including doctoral students at the top of the talent training pyramid in colleges and universities, students in various colleges and colleges in colleges and universities, as well as gifted students in experimental classes, elite classes and juvenile classes set up by universities and middle schools, etc., are regarded as top-notch talents or potential top-notch talents. According to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, everyone has 8 or 9 types of intelligence, namely verbal intelligence, musical intelligence, logical-mathematical intelligence, spatial intelligence, bodily kinesthetic intelligence, self-cognitive intelligence, naturalist intelligence, etc., which goes beyond the traditional theoretical framework of intelligence based on language and mathematical logic. Gardner also argues that "these intelligences are relatively independent, and can be produced and combined by individuals or cultures in a variety of appropriate ways." Based on this, top-notch talents can be understood as outstanding talents in the field of multiple intelligences. In 1972, the United States adopted the "Gifted Education", which defined the gifted child as "a child who performs well or has potential in individual or all of the six areas of general intelligence, special academic orientation, innovation ability, leadership ability, visual or behavioral expression art, and psychomotor ability".

　　Today's social system is becoming more and more complex, new occupations and division of labor systems are constantly forming, the development of artificial intelligence has a huge impact on repetitive labor, all fields of social life are calling for innovation, innovation in all fields has its unique value, and innovation has become a necessary condition for the continued existence of all professions in the future. Therefore, the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents needs to be re-examined from the perspective of a large concept of innovative talents, and needs to be defined in a broad sense. Talents who have made innovative achievements in various disciplines and social practice fields, and have made outstanding contributions to scientific development, technological progress, economic transformation, industrial upgrading, social democratic development, and the enrichment and improvement of people's material and cultural life can be called top-notch innovative talents.

　　The independent cultivation of top-notch innovative talents will be an important support for the mainland's socialist modernization, and firmly taking the road of independent training of top-notch innovative talents is an inevitable choice for the mainland's construction of a modern power. Independent innovation has always been a powerful driving force for the economic and social development of all countries in the world, and the powerful source of independent innovation is innovative talents. Historically, the improvement of innovation capabilities in countries such as the United Kingdom, France, Germany and the United States has benefited from the pioneering exploration and breakthroughs in the field of science and technology by a large number of top-notch innovative talents. The transfer of the center of the world's science and technology and civilization is based on the transfer of the highland of talents, and having enough top-notch innovative talents is a necessary condition for grasping the frontier of the world's science and technology and civilization. Only when the mainland becomes the world's highland of scientific and technological innovation and ideology can it grasp and lead the direction of the world's scientific, technological, social, and cultural development, and can it seize the opportunity in the new round of scientific and technological revolution, industrial transformation, and social transformation. At present, the mainland is facing a more severe international development environment than ever before, and this compels us to take the road of self-cultivation of talents, cultivate top-notch innovative talents on our own, and firmly grasp the initiative in the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents and the competition for talents in our own hands.

　　2. The basic characteristics of the independent training system for high-level top-notch innovative talents

　　The talent training system involves a full range of contents such as training concept, training subject, training content, training mechanism, training effect evaluation, etc., and the independent training system of high-level top-notch innovative talents should have the basic characteristics of independence, scientificity, systematization, openness, international advancement, inclusiveness and heterogeneity. The ultimate goal of construction is to form Chinese standards, Chinese models and Chinese solutions for the cultivation of top-notch talents.

　　(1) Autonomy

　　Autonomy, as the name suggests, is the concept of self-determination, which is the opposite of other masters, and refers to "individuals and organizations can spontaneously act in the manner permitted by society when engaging in social activities and social interactions, become the subject of their own actions, and make judgments, opinions and actions freely without relying on others or excluding the intervention of others". Strengthening the independent training of talents is the fundamental way to achieve national independent innovation. As an organism of society, the self-cultivation system of top-notch innovative talents should have independent consciousness and independent ability, "independent consciousness is the subjective will and concept of independent operation and independent development of social organizations, and independent ability is the subjective force of this organism to actively adapt to society". Localization is also a typical manifestation of autonomy. The so-called localization refers to the independent training system for top-notch innovative talents in the mainland that reflects Chinese characteristics, is based on China's national conditions, independently establishes a training system that meets the needs of mainland society for top-notch innovative talents. This characteristic is in essence a concrete embodiment of Chinese-style modernization. Therefore, it is the basic premise to comprehensively improve the quality of independent training of talents by independently cultivating top-notch innovative talents and emphasizing that the position, direction, path and principle of talent training should be based on their own national conditions and reflect Chinese characteristics.

　　The autonomy of the high-level top-notch innovative talent training system is more reflected in the full and complete grasp of the training conditions for high-end talents, and the strategy or "alternative" to rely on its own strength to deal with the deterioration of the international situation and the risk of "stuck" in the training of high-end talents. In the process of cultivating talents, we can learn from foreign beneficial practices, but we must take root in the land of China, realize the combination of advanced experience in the world with China's reality, and cultivate high-quality high-end talents with correct values and key abilities and necessary characters required for future economic and social development, including top-notch innovative talents, leading talents, and craftsmen of great powers. It is necessary to uphold the party's overall leadership over colleges and universities, adhere to the socialist orientation of running schools, base ourselves on the fundamental question of what and how to train people, put morality first, and cultivate a large number of outstanding talents who love the party, the country, and the people that can be relied on in the Chinese-style modernization drive; and cultivate builders and successors of socialism with Chinese characteristics who have lofty feelings for the family and country and a strong sense of mission. In addition, it is necessary to infiltrate the talents of the new era with the rich and splendid cultural background of the Chinese nation, carry forward the core values of socialism, and let the top-notch innovative talents become outstanding talents with innovative spirit and ability in various fields, as well as a sense of social responsibility, and can make significant contributions to the development of the country.

　　(2) Systematic

　　No matter what kind of system, systematism is undoubtedly its fundamental attribute, and it is also the fundamental reason why a system becomes a system. Based on the principle of system integrity, "a system is an organic whole composed of several elements and subsystems with new functions, and has the properties and functions that each independent element does not have, forming the qualitative prescriptiveness of a new system, and the nature and function of the system as a whole also surpass the simple sum of various elements and systems". Based on the principle of openness of the system, "the system has the nature and function of constantly exchanging matter, energy and information with the external environment, and the opening of the system to the environment is the premise for the upward development of the system, and it is also the condition for the stable existence of the system". The systematization of the self-cultivation system for high-level top-notch innovative talents is mainly manifested in the consistency of different subsystems in the training concept, the integrity and coherence of the training process, the cohesion of curriculum design and implementation, and the synergy of multiple training subjects.

　　The top-notch innovative talent system is an organism that spans multiple social subsystems such as economy and education. The difficulty in its construction lies in the fact that the consistency of the whole depends on the collective display of branch systems, each branch system is an organic component of the whole, and there is an interactive synthesis between each other, rather than a physical accumulation. The consistency of the training concept points to the educational philosophy and training orientation followed by the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents in different subsystems, which should be non-inconsistent, pay attention to the sustainable development of individuals in the future, and organically combine short-term goals with long-term goals. Based on the consistency of the cultivation concept, the cultivation process of different subsystems can be integrated as a whole, and each has its own focus on different training tasks in the unified training program. Because the growth and success of people is the sustainable development of the whole life course. The long-term cyclical nature of education itself and the basic division of the school education system determine that talent training needs to be effectively related and connected between various school stages. Curriculum is the most important medium of talent training system and the core carrier of educational activities, and the training content of top-notch innovative talents should be different from general educational activities, which puts forward higher requirements for whether the curriculum design and implementation of different subsystems can be effectively connected. The synergy of the training subjects refers to the fact that in the entire top-notch innovative talent training system, the subjective understanding and educational practice of each training subject all point to the common goal, and an effective mechanism for mutual cooperation is established because of the common goal, so that the whole system can operate smoothly, harmoniously and self-consistently, complement each other's resources, and achieve remarkable results, so as to truly realize the collaborative education of different subjects, different stages and different fields.

　　(3) Scientific nature

　　The scientificity of the self-cultivation system for top-notch innovative talents is mainly manifested in three aspects: first, it should reflect the general law of talent growth, second, it should reflect the special law of the growth of top-notch innovative talents, and third, it should be targeted and focus on the characteristics of top-notch innovative talents to provide institutional guarantees.

　　Research in pedagogy and psychology has long shown that the growth of individual students is staged and adapted to the characteristics of their physical and mental development. Due to the significant differences between individuals, some students show early wisdom and some students become late bloomers, but as far as the individual is concerned, mental development and physical growth, emotional enrichment, and social development are all complementary to each other. Although the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents is faced with a group of students with outstanding intelligence and a certain degree of innovative talent, it is not advisable to promote the growth of seedlings, and excessive education is more harmful; it is necessary to follow the objective law of individual development, use a scientific system to ensure students' "free" exploration, give students full freedom, follow their natural interests and hobbies and talents, follow the trend, develop freely, and gradually grow from innovation to excellence, and gradually grow into top-notch talents. Top-notch innovative talents are in a wide range of innovative education, with their own intelligence, interests and beliefs, naturally stand out, are constantly emerging, respect people's multiple intelligences, diverse interests, is the real congenital and acquired convergence, the unity of intellectual and non-intellectual factors, the combination of personality prominence and holistic development.

　　Through the study of the creative group of innovative top-notch talents, Lin Chongde found that the growth of scientific innovation talents is composed of five stages, namely "self-exploration period, intensive training period, talent display and field orientation period, creation period and creation stage". In view of the five stages of the growth of top-notch innovative talents, the training subject should establish a process guidance program for different growth stages, respect the individual's personality and choice in the self-exploration period, and encourage the individual to formulate a personal plan according to his own interests and development direction. Personalized guidance and support; in the period of talent display and field orientation, strengthen the consciousness of individual subjectivity, guide individuals to think and learn independently, improve self-management ability, help talents develop their own advantages, cultivate broad vision and innovative thinking; in the creation period and the later stage of creation, we should affirm the positive results of talents through a scientific and humanistic evaluation mechanism, and further stimulate the comprehensive quality of talents such as innovation ability, practical ability and teamwork spirit.

　　Curiosity is the primary trait that top-notch innovative talents should have, and a high-quality self-cultivation system for top-notch innovative talents can protect, cultivate and stimulate individuals' curiosity to explore the unknown, and effectively guide individuals to transform their curiosity about the unknown into the intrinsic motivation of active learning and inquiry, making it a lasting and powerful internal driving force for independent innovation of top-notch innovative talents. As another characteristic of top-notch innovative talents, critical thinking ability refers to the ability to make rational judgments and analysis on various complex social phenomena and problems, and to have a strong spirit of questioning and critical thinking. The study finds that the learning experience of top-notch innovative talents in history often has the prominent characteristics of interdisciplinarity, and they have the experience of solving complex problems in different complex practice environments. In addition, having a multidisciplinary knowledge system, a broad academic vision, the ability to integrate and innovate and develop, the courage to criticize and innovate, a firm and persistent belief, diligent practice, profound professional attainments, never-say-die perseverance, and perseverance are all clearly reflected in the body of top-notch innovative talents. In the face of complex problems and difficult challenges, top-notch innovative talents have the determination to never give up until the goal is reached. The cultivation of top-notch innovative talents, from the external point of view, the professional field is diverse, from the internal point of view of the ability structure is complex, all need to build a scientific institutional framework to support.

　　In addition to sorting out and summarizing the common characteristics of top-notch innovative talents from history, we should also pay attention to the new requirements of the contemporary economic and social development environment for top-notch innovative talents, such as higher comprehensive literacy of informatization, top-notch innovative talents should have a relatively in-depth understanding of modern information technology such as big data, Internet, artificial intelligence, cloud platform, etc., master scientific methods and technologies, be able to smoothly extract effective information from massive data information, explore the correlation between information, and create new knowledge. In addition, top-notch innovative talents should also have the ability to communicate and communicate across cultures, and the awareness of teamwork. At present, scientific research and major technological innovation breakthroughs have long gone beyond the traditional mode of fighting alone, and require a strong team to cooperate with each other to carry out organized scientific research in order to achieve innovative results in basic research and major science and technology.

　　The feeling of family and country and the sense of social responsibility are also indispensable basic characteristics of the mainland's top-notch innovative talents. The primary trait of the top-notch innovative talents cultivated by the mainland is their love for the party and the country, and a strong sense of responsibility for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the well-being of the people.

　　(4) Openness and international advancement

　　The training system for high-level top-notch innovative talents must be open, and its openness is mainly reflected in three aspects: first, the training system is open to everyone, second, the training content and training methods are fully open, and third, internationalization. The so-called training system is open to everyone, which means that the path for everyone to enter or exit the track of training top-notch innovative talents is free and smooth. The cultivation of those with top-notch innovation potential and the cultivation of other individuals are different branches in the same system, and the overpass between them is unimpeded, so that more potential individuals can enter the training track of top-notch innovative talents at any time due to the openness of the system, and the individuals who were originally in the training track of top-notch innovative talents can also return to the conventional training track due to changes in interests and lack of ability, and the learning content is connected without barriers. The growth of top-notch innovative talents is regular, in the early stage of growth, their interests, potential, and ability are affected by environmental factors, and will continue to change. The so-called comprehensive opening of training content and training methods is mainly aimed at the problem of focusing on a single discipline and emphasizing knowledge memorization in content, emphasizing breaking the boundaries of disciplines, breaking through the teaching content of school education focusing on subject knowledge, and paying attention to the improvement of thinking ability; Establish a flexible mechanism in various dimensions such as training management, give full freedom and autonomy, and improve the pertinence and effectiveness of training. Internationalization is another manifestation of the openness of the talent training system. The construction of an independent training system for top-notch innovative talents is not a self-exploration that is isolated from the world and "made behind closed doors", but emphasizes the independent and controllable training of top-notch innovative talents and the improvement of training capabilities, in order to meet the demand for top-notch innovative talents in China's economic and social development and ensure that the supply of talents can not be restricted by other countries. Internationalization reflects the openness of the talent training system, and the construction of a high-level top-notch innovative talent training system requires the development of high-level open education, especially the internationalization of higher education. Through the internationalization of students, curriculum, environment and teachers, we will increase exchanges and cooperation, expand academic influence, and leverage international educational resources to enhance the ability and strength of mainland higher education talent training, especially in the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents, actively carry out international exchanges and cooperation, introduce world-class educational resources and advanced concepts, broaden students' international vision, enhance their international competitiveness, and gradually change the status quo that outstanding scientific and technological talents in the mainland rely more on the education system of developed countries.

　　International advancement refers to the independent training system of high-level top-notch innovative talents in the mainland to form Chinese characteristics in terms of training concepts, training models, training quality, etc., reach the international leading level, and have global leadership. Adhering to the people-oriented concept is the fundamental embodiment of the international advanced nature of the high-level top-notch innovative talent training system. World-class universities should adhere to the people-oriented and student-centered approach in the cultivation of elite talents, emphasize the improvement of professional quality by participating in scientific research while attaching importance to the cultivation of personality and character through general education, establish an education model that integrates science and humanities, and create an excellent talent training system. In the process of training, paying attention to the quality of practice and the improvement of practical ability is also an important manifestation of the international advanced nature of the training system. From the perspective of the global demand for talents, top-notch innovative talents should not only have excellent research and innovation capabilities, but also have the vision and literacy of social practice, and pay attention to and devote themselves to solving major practical problems faced by the development of human society. In addition, the international advanced nature of the independent training system is also reflected in the formation of evaluation standards for top-notch innovative talents with Chinese characteristics and the world's leading level, so that the mainland has the right to speak internationally and have far-reaching influence in the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents.

　　(5) Cultivating an inclusive and heterogeneous environment

　　The environment created by the self-cultivation system of high-level top-notch innovative talents should be inclusive and heterogeneous. "Human development is the gradual adaptation of a growing organism to its changing environment throughout his life. In ecology, the human ecological environment is a composite ecological environment including the natural environment, the social environment and the normative environment, among which the normative environment (also known as the value environment) is the attitude, atmosphere and values formed by human beings in the process of life, which is unique to human society and has the closest relationship with the ecology of education. To realize the independent cultivation of top-notch innovative talents, we need potential individuals, innovative thinking instructors, scientific training content, and a good ecological environment conducive to the growth of talents. In addition to providing sufficient and readily accessible hardware and software conditions for free inquiry, a good ecological environment should also be inclusive and heterogeneous. The inclusiveness of the training environment for top-notch innovative talents is reflected in various elements of the value environment, such as the scientific understanding of top-notch innovation, the respect and thirst of the whole society for innovative talents, and the tolerance of various imperfections in the process of talent growth. Because many innovations come from the collision of ideas, the emergence of top-notch talents requires a large number of instructors with innovative thinking and individuals with innovative development potential to interact closely in a free environment, communicate with each other, collide with each other, and stimulate creativity. To a certain extent, innovation means being unconventional, unconventional, and different, and it is also accompanied by the imperfection of things. Thus, the environment of free inquiry is tolerant of whimsy, or rather, welcome, and failure. The inclusive environment advocates the collision of pluralistic thinking, does not establish authority, does not respect unity, and creates an appreciation of "difference" and a correct understanding of failure; as long as the direction is good, it advocates an atmosphere of perseverance and inquiry, so that students can maintain their thinking vitality and gradually form a lasting sense of innovation and innovation ability.

　　Ecological theory suggests that diversity leads to stability. The ecological environment for the growth of talents includes natural environment, social environment and normative environment, and the growth of top-notch innovative talents needs to be tempered in different environments, and finally form a stable top-notch innovation quality. At present, most of the top-notch innovative talents in the mainland, mainly doctoral students, are cultivated by research universities or scientific research institutions, and the ecological environment for talent training at the micro level is highly homogeneous, and most of the doctors trained have strong ability in academic research. The self-cultivation system of high-level top-notch innovative talents should create a heterogeneous training environment at the micro, meso, and macro levels. At the micro level, it mainly refers to the creation of the environment within the university, which is reflected in the organizational innovation and model innovation of interdisciplinary majors and departments; at the meso level, it is the joint participation of multiple subjects such as schools, scientific research institutes, enterprises, and communities to build a training environment with significant differences; and at the macro level, it is to use the talent training environment of different regions, different countries and regions to enhance the adaptability and stability of top-notch innovative talents.

　　In the process of growth, the learning experience of top-notch innovative talents in different academic schools, different academic communities, different fields, and different cultural and social environments will greatly promote the richness and flexibility of individual thoughts, and help top-notch innovative talents think and solve problems from multiple angles and channels, so as to improve their own innovation. The heterogeneity of academic affiliation has a special role in non-intellectual factors, and the changes in time, space and environmental field can make innovative talents have new experiences and beliefs about their future, and matching with the appropriate external environment will become a reality. To a certain extent, the undergraduate, master's and doctoral training fixes students in the field of lack of change, which can strengthen the planning and coherence of the growth of outstanding talents and improve the training efficiency, but the relatively closed environment is not conducive to the emergence of top-notch innovative talents. The liberation of the spatial constraints of students and the breakthrough of the closed field of a single school mean more opportunities to encounter the "other".

　　3. The principle of building an independent training system for high-level top-notch innovative talents

　　Examining the current self-cultivation of top-notch innovative talents in mainland China, the most prominent of which is that the long-term talent training model based on school education has essentially limited the subject, field and content structure of the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents, lacks a perfect and efficient self-training system, and the quality of training cannot be effectively guaranteed, which cannot well meet the needs of the excellent development of talents and national modernization. The mainland urgently needs to form a self-cultivation system for high-level top-notch innovative talents with Chinese characteristics, which is an urgent issue related to the overall strategic situation, long-term development, and people's well-being. The following basic principles should be followed during the construction process.

　　(1) Adhere to the goal guidance, advantageous development, and do a good job in top-level design and overall planning

　　The independent cultivation of top-notch innovative talents should adhere to the guidance of long-term and ambitious goals, establish the talent training specifications with a solid foundation, a wide vision, a large pattern and high quality, adhere to the educational ideas of advantageous development and comprehensive improvement, and do a good job in the top-level design and overall planning of system construction.

　　For a long time, the mainland has been following the thinking of bottom-line education in personnel training, that is, education to make up for shortcomings. In the process of talent growth, the focus is often on the cultivation of subjects that students are not good at, while ignoring the guidance and cultivation of the fields that individuals are good at. The cultivation of top-notch innovative talents requires a fundamental change in the thinking of bottom-line education, and more time, energy and educational resources are invested in the fields that talents are good at. The field in which the individual is good is not a subject in the traditional sense, but a pluralistic field that transcends the framework of knowledge division. The construction of the independent training system should do a good job in top-level design, overall planning, and construction based on China's actual situation, so as to ensure that the sufficient and necessary resource elements required for talent training are obtained in the existing economic and social environment, and the efficiency and effectiveness of resource use should be ensured.

　　A scientific system for the self-cultivation of top-notch innovative talents must be a pan-education policy system suitable for the actual situation of the country, which can be realized and effective in the existing environment. The scale of education is huge, and the lack of superior educational resources is the basic status quo of education in the mainland, and the scientific system design should innovate the mode of resource allocation and improve the efficiency of resource allocation under the premise of limited overall resources; establish a mechanism that can enable top-notch innovative talents to stand out under the condition that the number of educated population is large and the regional distribution is significantly different, and unify formal education and non-formal education within the scientific system for cultivating top-notch innovative talents. Through the operation of the scientific system, we will create a suitable environment that respects individuals, promotes communication, and encourages innovation, so that potential students can maintain their curiosity about things, form a long-term and stable interest in scientific inquiry, and maintain long-term and close exchanges and interactions with outstanding mentors, outstanding scientists, industry leaders, etc., to stimulate individual autonomy and enthusiasm, and freely explore unknown mysteries. The scientific evaluation system is also the main content of the system, through innovation, optimization of salary structure, assessment and evaluation, title promotion and other systems, to improve the job satisfaction and happiness of talent training instructors, stimulate the internal motivation of mentors to cultivate innovative talents, so that the potential human capital of mentors can be transformed into actual human capital, and the effectiveness of talent training can be improved.

　　(2) Adhere to the cultivation concept of thinking cultivation that is more important than knowledge memory

　　At present, a prominent problem of insufficient scientific training in the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents in the mainland is that the focus of cultivation is still biased towards memorization-based knowledge, rather than the cultivation of thinking mode and the improvement of thinking ability. Many top-notch innovation classes have become the early learning of higher and deeper knowledge, the memorization of knowledge in a wider range of fields, or the accumulation of knowledge in different disciplines. As a result, a group of potential top students are trapped in a heavier workload than their average classmates, and there is less training for students' thinking skills. The problems to be faced and solved by top-notch innovative talents in the future are not a single discipline and a single direction, and the systematic and integrated multidisciplinary paradigm of thinking is the basis for thinking and solving complex problems, so it is very important and urgent to cultivate such a way of thinking. The cultivation of top-notch innovative talents should be realized from the acceleration mode to the enrichment mode, and moderately accelerated, that is, from skipping grades and pre-requisites to paying more attention to expanding the breadth and depth of learning, and cultivating higher-order thinking. A recent survey and study shows that the goal orientation of college teachers and administrators in the training of academic top-notch students has changed from one-sided emphasis on knowledge mastery to ability development and comprehensive quality improvement, among which critical thinking has become the expected goal of student development with the highest degree of recognition.

　　(3) Adhere to a high starting point and high-level construction, and strengthen the core strategic position of research universities in the system

　　In the new era, we should build a high-level independent training system for top-notch innovative talents, advocate the participation of multiple subjects, and build a diversified field for talent growth, but school education still occupies the core position. Teachers, students, educational content, and educational environment are the basic elements of talent training activities, and in the educational environment of research universities, more attention should be paid to the construction of the teaching staff, and to the innovation of student selection and educational content. In the construction of the tutor team, it is necessary to select high-level teachers with rich experience to serve as tutors and provide students with high-quality educational resources and a good academic atmosphere; in the selection of talents, it is necessary to deepen the reform of the educational evaluation and examination enrollment system so that students with potential can be discovered and screened out; in terms of educational content, it is necessary to establish courses that shape students' scientific thinking, interdisciplinary courses, double bachelor's degree courses, second bachelor's degree courses, and Micro-courses and other diversified curriculum systems, and focus on innovation, the implementation of inquiry-based teaching, project-based learning, problem-based learning, brainstorming and other teaching models. It is necessary to take students as the center, let learners have personal experience, think positively, take the initiative to construct, and become the leader of problem exploration, so that students in different disciplines and professional fields can collide, stimulate and complement each other in concepts and ideas.

　　Research universities are at the top of the pyramid structure in the education system of mainland China, with first-class faculty and strong high-quality resources, which are generally closer to the environmental conditions required for cultivating innovative talents, and can play a more prominent leading role in the construction of a high-quality independent training system for top-notch innovative talents. With appropriate transformation, reform and innovation, research universities can provide a good micro-ecological environment for the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents, and promote close exchanges between innovative teachers and students with development potential in the field of scientific inquiry. In addition to the relatively free space and mechanism where teachers and students can interact closely, the ecological environment suitable for the growth of top-notch innovative talents also includes high-quality courses and teaching systems, and scientific research and innovation practice bases. With a high level of internationalization, a deep academic foundation, and a strong atmosphere of scientific research and innovation, it can be said that there are masters, buildings, peers, and mentors, and there are space and conditions for exploration, mutual encouragement from outstanding students of the same generation, and free exploration space and atmosphere.

　　The mainland has entered the stage of popularization of higher education, and higher education institutions have also formed a diversified system of research universities, application-oriented undergraduate colleges and universities, vocational and technical universities, and higher vocational (technical) colleges. The cultivation of top-notch innovative talents is reflected in the various training stages of undergraduate, master's and doctoral degrees, the undergraduate stage is the education that lays the foundation, the master's stage shows the vitality of the training system, so that talents with innovative ideas continue to emerge, and the doctoral stage shows the height of talent training. The effectiveness of the independent training of top-notch innovative talents depends to a large extent on the height of talent training in research universities, but the current training of doctoral students in mainland China is still facing many problems, only in terms of how to select students with innovative potential, in some "double first-class" construction schools set undergraduate training to doctoral training in one of the basic disciplines of top-notch student training reform experiment, although the selection process includes the preliminary review of materials and interviews, but on the whole it is still in the form of "one examination for life". The randomness of the interview questions will affect the judgment of the expert group on the candidates. Improving the quality of independent training of doctoral students has become a top priority, and research universities naturally have high expectations. Because research universities have unique conditions and foundations in terms of "stimulating the endogenous motivation of doctoral students, optimizing the structure of doctoral students' ability, improving evaluation methods, and improving the learning system and mechanism". Therefore, it is necessary to further strengthen the core strategic position of research universities, enhance the sense of historical mission of research universities in cultivating top-notch innovative talents, further innovate the training mode of top-notch innovative talents, strengthen China's consciousness and position, highlight Chinese characteristics, integrate internal and external resource elements, and create a good school atmosphere and social environment for the emergence of top-notch innovative talents. The experience of cultivating top-notch innovative talents around the world shows that first-class universities generally take high-level elite talents as their education positioning, emphasize the integration of science and education and industry-academia collaboration, and cultivate outstanding scientists, industry leaders and even social leaders.

　　(4) Adhere to efficient coordination and harmonious interaction within the system, inside and outside the field, and at home and abroad

　　The independent cultivation of top-notch innovative talents is an educational activity supported by the whole society, which requires the consensus and universal participation of schools at all levels of the education system, and also requires the unified understanding and active and active participation of all relevant subjects of society and industry outside the education system on the independent training of top-notch innovative talents. However, at present, research universities are the core subjects of the independent cultivation of top-notch innovative talents in the mainland, and the participation awareness, scope, degree and scale of participation of other training subjects are obviously insufficient, and they do not realize that the independent training of top-notch innovative talents should be a major national development strategy that the whole society is committed to.

　　The cultivation of top-notch innovative talents requires multi-faceted, cross-border training subjects at different stages of training, cross-section, cross-field and cross-regional collaboration and cooperation. From the perspective of the education system, it is reflected in the cooperation in the vertical education system, the cooperation between higher education and the economy and industry, scientific and technological innovation, etc., and the cooperation between various elements within the higher education system. At present, the connection between various educational stages in the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents is insufficient. The basic education stage attaches great importance to the role of top-notch talent training in students' further education, and is committed to enabling students to obtain better school opportunities through subject competitions and other activities. Higher education institutions lack a systematic understanding of the training process of basic education, and lack of individualized training programs for top-notch undergraduate students who enter colleges and universities through different channels. In short, from the compulsory education stage to the high school stage, from the high school to the junior college education stage, and then from the junior college education to the postgraduate education, the education at each stage has not formed a smooth training mechanism, and there is a lack of effective communication and cohesion in the training objectives, methods, curriculum settings, etc., resulting in the innovation of top-notch talents are not easy to be discovered early and cultivated in time, and it is also difficult to ensure the excellent growth of potential students. From the perspective of the relationship between education, science and technology, and talents, education is an important position for talent training, science and technology help the innovation and development of education, and talents are the core force of education and science and technology development. "Education, science and technology, and talents are the basic and strategic support for building a modern socialist country in an all-round way", from the ideal relationship pattern, the three should be efficiently coordinated and unified in the high-quality development of the economy and society, and the growth of talents should be committed to the growth of talents with the investment of all factors in the chain of education, science and technology, and industry. Within the higher education system, it is also necessary to integrate resource elements, transform scientific research resources into teaching resources to promote the cultivation of top-notch talents, integrate teaching and scientific research, and integrate the diversified innovative practice activities implemented by different subjects and functional departments into the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents.

　　From an individual point of view, the growth of top-notch innovative talents is continuous, not fragmented, and cannot be completed independently at a certain stage. When the characteristics of top-notch innovative talents are formed, they will be internalized into individual human capital, which has long-term effect, but it still needs to be continuously nourished and maintained, otherwise, with the decline of physical strength and energy, human capital will gradually be lost. In a modern country where education is popularized on a large scale, the basic theoretical question of the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents is the form of elite education for only a few talents, which can be fully supported to achieve educational goals and integrate with the education system and social ecology.

　　The high-level independent training system for top-notch innovative talents requires efficient coordination and harmonious interaction within the system, inside and outside the field, and at home and abroad. Within universities, it is necessary to transcend the boundaries of disciplines, break down the barriers of department management, make full use of various scientific research platforms such as university laboratories, engineering centers, innovation research centers, research institutes, etc., and share educational space, educational resources and excellent teachers; Innovative quality and innovation ability. In the field of education, higher education institutions and basic education institutions need to cooperate to promote the connection and training of different educational stages, and domestic universities need to work closely together to provide a challenging and heterogeneous development environment for top-notch students in the form of project exchanges, platform cooperation, cross-university electives and scientific research, increase academic exchanges and even collisions between different schools, different regions and different cultural backgrounds, and stimulate new thinking. The collaborative co-education between education and industry provides more practical links for the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents, so that they can face the comprehensive and complex problems and technical challenges in the real industrial environment, exercise students' ability to analyze and solve problems, and enhance their sense of mission and responsibility. In terms of domestic and foreign coordination, we must adhere to autonomy and independence, focus on me, promote the "big cycle" of domestic high-level human resource regeneration, and in the extensive international contact, take advantage of gravity, make full use of foreign human resources, and constitute a "dual cycle", so that foreign educational resources are not for me, but for my use, and use the strength to develop independent training capabilities.

　　(5) Adhere to the construction of a digital and intelligent system, and empower the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents with digital intelligent education

　　With the advancement of digital technology, the transformation and upgrading of the digital economy, and the development of a digital society, digital literacy and skills for all people have increasingly become key indicators of international competitiveness and soft power. The rapid development of artificial intelligence and the rapid development of emerging technologies such as big data, cloud computing, and blockchain have rapidly advanced education into a new era of digital and intelligent education. Education aims to nurture human resources who must first possess the digital literacy and skills necessary for citizens in a digital society. The so-called digital literacy and skills refer to the collection of digital acquisition, production, use, evaluation, interaction, sharing, innovation, security, ethics and morality that citizens in the digital society should have in learning, working and living. Specifically, they include: Digital Awareness, Computational Thinking, Digital Learning and Innovation, and Digital Social Responsibility. Future-oriented top-notch innovative talents should have higher digital literacy, form a deeper understanding of digital awareness, computational thinking, digital innovation, etc., and have highly internalized digital technologies and capabilities, so that they can be more handy and comfortable in the reform and innovation of the professional field, and not be limited by the lack of digital resources and R&D capabilities.

　　Since the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents is future-oriented, the construction of the training system itself should be forward-looking and leading, walk in the forefront of educational concepts and technical support, and empower the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents with digital and intelligent education. Specifically, it includes the construction of a digital and intelligent curriculum system and the innovation of teaching mode, the establishment of a core curriculum resource library and a diversified teaching case database through big data and artificial intelligence, the establishment of a regional and national basic database of top-notch innovative talents, tracking and recording the development of top-notch innovative talents at all stages, sharing information with different training subjects, and scientifically formulating personalized optimal training programs, establishing scientific measurement and evaluation indicators for top-notch innovative talents, and collecting comprehensive development data of students through the big data platform for talent training at all stages, and constructing science based on evaluation indicatorsAccurate model, dynamic monitoring and tracking of student development data, digitization of the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents, timely discovery of potential students, early detection, early training, long-term tracking, dynamic adjustment.

　　In short, the high-level self-cultivation system of top-notch innovative talents should help to deeply tap the innovation potential of students, and provide students with richer and more diverse learning resources and practical opportunities through advanced concept guidance, technical support, integration of industry and education, and international exchanges, expand students' horizons and patterns, and improve students' understanding of practical problems and competency for complex problems. Through forward-looking top-level design and systematic planning, we will pay attention to their basic characteristics, adhere to the principle of capital construction, form an independent training system for top-notch innovative talents with Chinese characteristics that is more suitable for the development needs of the country, society and the times, and have the world's advanced level, cultivate a good environment and rich soil for the growth and emergence of top-notch innovative talents, realize the independent cultivation of top-notch innovative talents in the universal education and inclusive education system, contribute Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions to the world, and play an active role in the stage of seeking greater contributions to a community with a shared future for mankind.

Yu Ningning is associate professor and vice dean of the Institute of Higher Education, University of Jinan

Liu Chengbo is a researcher at the Institute of Educational System and Mechanism Reform, Chinese Academy of Education Sciences

Li Zhonghao is a research assistant at the Institute of Higher Education, Yunnan University

This article was originally published in China Higher Education Research, Issue 3, 2024