Abstract:China's cold storage industry plays an important role in cold chain logistics, and its construction and development has become the top priority of the national backbone cold chain logistics base. With the support and promotion of policies, more and more related enterprises have begun to build their own cold storage, transforming from the demand side to the supply side, which makes China's cold storage capacity continue to grow. In 2023, China's cold storage capacity will be 228 million cubic meters, a year-on-year increase of 8.26%. In the future, China's cold storage market will continue to grow steadily, with the continuous drive of the prefabricated food industry and the growth of cold chain transportation market demand, China will have more cold chain distribution demand, promote the expansion of cold storage capacity, and then provide strong support for the scale of the cold storage market.
1. Definitions and Classification
Cold storage is a kind of refrigeration equipment, which refers to the use of artificial means to create an environment different from the outdoor temperature or humidity, and is also a constant temperature and humidity storage equipment for food, liquid, chemical, pharmaceutical, vaccine, scientific experiments and other items. According to the temperature control, the cold storage can be divided into cooling room, coolant refrigeration room, freezing room and frozen refrigeration room, and can also be divided into ammonia refrigeration cold storage, fluorine refrigeration cold storage and CO2 refrigeration cold storage according to the refrigeration mode.
Second, industry policies
1. Competent authorities and regulatory system
The competent authorities of the cold storage industry include the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Commerce, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, and the Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. The self-regulatory organizations of the cold storage industry mainly include the China Society of Refrigeration, the China Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association, and the Cold Chain Logistics Professional Committee of the China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing.
The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) is mainly responsible for the formulation and release of China's industrial policies, the formulation of medium- and long-term industrial guidance and guiding opinions, and the filing and management of construction projects. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology is responsible for researching and proposing industrial development strategies, formulating industrial plans and industrial policies and organizing their implementation, guiding the formulation of industrial technical regulations and industry standards, organizing, leading and coordinating the revitalization of the manufacturing industry, organizing the preparation of major national technical equipment plans, and coordinating relevant policies. The Ministry of Commerce, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China and the Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China are responsible for the formulation of production quality, safety and other standards of production enterprises, the formulation and management of domestic trade, export standards and product quality standards, and the management of national quality management system standards.
2. Industry-related policies
In recent years, the Ministry of Rural Agriculture, the State Council and other departments have successively introduced policies and plans to promote the development of the cold storage industry. In July 2023, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued the "Notice on Continuing to Do a Good Job in the Construction of Refrigeration and Preservation Facilities in Agricultural Product Producing Areas", proposing to focus on key towns and central villages and support relevant entities to reasonably build ventilated storage, mechanical cold storage, controlled atmosphere storage, Pre-cooling and supporting facilities and equipment and other refrigeration and preservation facilities and commercial treatment facilities and equipment in the production area will continuously improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of the facilities to meet the needs of field storage and preservation and post-production treatment; Through this policy, it will further promote the popularization and promotion of refrigeration and preservation facilities in the producing areas of agricultural products, which is conducive to improving the storage conditions of agricultural products, ensuring product quality, increasing the added value of agricultural products, and promoting rural economic development.
Third, the development process
The development process of the cold storage industry is mainly divided into three stages. From 1955 to 1980, refrigeration technology began to be applied to food storage and transportation, marking the birth of China's cold storage industry; from 1980 to 2014, with the progress of China's refrigeration technology, the cold storage capacity has increased significantly, but China's cold storage industry is facing an imbalance in the type of cold storage; since 2014, China's cold storage industry is in a growth stage, the market demand is expanding, and the scale of the industry is growing. However, there is still a certain gap between China's cold storage industry and Western countries. In the future, China's cold storage industry will develop further.
Fourth, industry barriers
1. Capital investment and technical threshold
The construction of cold storage requires huge capital investment and professional technical support. The design, construction and operation of cold storage require a high level of professional knowledge and technology, including professional capabilities in cold storage structure design, refrigeration equipment selection and installation, temperature and humidity control, etc. In addition, the operation and management of cold storage also requires personnel with relevant skills and experience to ensure the normal operation of cold storage and provide high-quality cold chain services. Therefore, the capital and technical thresholds limit many small enterprises or entrepreneurs to enter the cold storage industry, increasing the difficulty of market competition.
2. Operating costs and operational risks
Cold storage operations are costly and risky. First of all, the cost of cold storage construction itself is higher, including land purchase, equipment procurement, construction and other costs, which puts forward higher requirements for the financial strength and financial status of enterprises. Secondly, the operating costs of cold storage can not be ignored, including the cost of power consumption, maintenance, equipment renewal, etc., which requires enterprises to have stable economic strength and management capabilities. At the same time, because the cold storage industry is greatly affected by seasonal and market demand fluctuations, the business risk is high, and enterprises need to be able to flexibly respond to market changes and reasonably plan inventory and transportation arrangements to reduce business risks.
3. Regulatory compliance and standard requirements
The cold storage industry faces regulatory compliance and standards requirements. In order to ensure the safety and quality of products in cold storage, the Chinese government has formulated a series of regulatory measures and industry standards, such as food safety laws, cold storage design and operation specifications, etc. Cold storage enterprises need to have an in-depth understanding of and comply with relevant laws and regulations, and fulfill compliance requirements in terms of cold storage construction approval, equipment testing, and food safety. In addition, the cold storage industry also needs to pass the standard requirements of quality certification and environmental assessment to enhance the competitiveness and credibility of enterprises.
Fifth, the industrial chain
1. Analysis of the industry chain
The upstream of the cold storage industry chain includes raw materials and equipment, mainly including steel, insulation materials, refrigerants, refrigeration compressors, refrigerated trucks, refrigerated containers, quick-freezing equipment, frozen and refrigerated display cabinets, etc.; the midstream is the cold storage manufacturer; the downstream includes drug circulation, fruit and vegetable circulation, dairy product circulation, aquatic product circulation and other fields.
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