Quickly master the high-yield cultivation technology of ginger
Zhang Suhua et al
The application of high-quality ginger cultivation technology can not only better ensure the quality of ginger, make the quality of ginger meet the requirements, but also reduce the harm to the environment and the human body, so the study of high-quality ginger cultivation technology itself has very important practical significance. In this paper, we will start from the concept of high yield concept, and discuss the cultivation of high-quality ginger by combining the cultivation technology and field management methods of high-quality ginger.
1. High-quality and high-yield ginger production mode
The high-quality and high-yield business model refers to the safety and environmental protection when carrying out production, from the beginning of the site selection, until the final harvest, the whole link must be more closely controlled, to ensure that the production of ginger has no pesticide residue problems, and at the same time to avoid heavy metal pollution and other related phenomena, to ensure the quality and safety of ginger. First of all, when choosing the planting site, we must choose some locations where the air is relatively fresh, and we must ensure that the water source is relatively pure, so as to ensure that the ginger can truly achieve safe production. Secondly, when fertilizing, we must choose to use organic fertilizer instead of traditional chemical fertilizer to reduce pollution to the soil, and at the same time reduce the damage to the ecological environment. In addition, it is also necessary to choose biological control methods to effectively control pests and diseases, which can better reduce the pollution to the environment. Finally, when harvesting and processing, we must choose more modern production technology to ensure the safety of the overall ginger quality, and can also effectively provide consumers with safer food. According to the current production situation, if you want to classify ginger, you can use the specific growth of ginger, including the appearance.
2 Scientific cultivation technology of high-quality ginger
Ginger is a shade-loving plant that is not tolerant to high temperatures and strong light. Therefore, shade should be provided during the summer growing period to promote ginger growth. It is suitable for sowing in the middle of April every year, that is, the days before and after the rain in the lunar valley, before sowing, the ginger seeds need to be cut or broken into each ginger piece weighing about 50~70g, and one or two short buds need to be retained on the ginger block, and then the ginger block is put into 300 times the liquid of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, soaked it, kept for about two hours, and after the ginger piece is scooped up, put in some fresh plant ash to sow seeds. When sowing, be sure to cut the buds of the ginger seeds upwards, put them flat in the planting ditch, the plant spacing is controlled at 25 cm, and finally need to cover a layer of 4~5 cm of fine soil, in order to ensure that the ginger can emerge smoothly, if you encounter dry weather when sowing, you need to drench the bottom water in the planting ditch before sowing.
Land selection and land preparation: To plant ginger, we should choose the soil with deep soil layer, loose soil and rich organic matter, and rake it finely. Seed selection and germination: Select plump, well-coloured and fresh ginger seeds. Sow seeds into the soil: put the sprouts of the ginger seeds in the ditch with the eyes facing up, and cover the soil with watering: in the ginger block expansion period, combine with the soil to apply an additional cake fertilizer. To plant ginger, we should choose the soil with deep soil, loose soil and rich organic matter, and then apply well-rotted organic fertilizer or compound fertilizer as the base fertilizer, and plough once to mix the soil and fertilizer evenly, and finally rake the plot finely. Before sowing ginger, select plump, well-colored and fresh ginger seeds, then soak them in carbendazim solution for disinfection, and then take them out and expose them to the sun for a day, and then do stacking germination treatment when the surface of ginger is shiny, and constantly spray water and moisturize ginger seeds during germination. Ginger is usually sown using the strip planting method, digging a 15 cm deep trench in the plot with a plant spacing of 40 cm and a row spacing of 30 cm, and then placing the ginger seed in the ditch, keeping the young shoots facing upwards, and finally covering the soil with a thickness of 5 cm. Ginger does not need to be fertilized during germination, and when the sprouts germinate 1~2 branches, then apply diluted ammonium sulfate, and add a cake fertilizer in combination with the soil during the ginger swelling period, and dig out the drainage ditch in time in the rainy season to avoid stagnant water.
2.1 Site selection
Land selection is a very important part of the cultivation process of high-quality ginger, in the selection of land must take into account the specific geographical location of the land and a series of factors such as altitude and climatic conditions, the growth temperature of high-quality ginger will generally be controlled between 15 °C ~ 25 °C, the annual precipitation is best controlled between 400 ~ 800 mm, the soil requirements must be loose and breathable, and must retain water and fertilizer, rich in organic matter, pH value needs to be controlled between 5.5 and 6.5. In addition, in the process of choosing the planting site, it is necessary to take into account the specific planting situation of the historical planting crops of the land, including the problems of soil pests and diseases and the specific situation of various pollutants, etc., as the basis for choosing a good planting land, and avoid choosing at the foot of the mountain or in the basin, because these areas are prone to water accumulation, which is not conducive to the growth of high-quality ginger. At the same time, it is also necessary to pay attention to the surrounding environment of the site, and should avoid a series of pollution sources such as factories or fertilizer plants and landfills as much as possible, so that it can be known that the site selection is a very important part of the cultivation process of high-quality ginger, and only by choosing the right place can it provide more favorable conditions for subsequent planting and field management.
2.2 Selection
Seed selection is also a link that must not be missing in the cultivation technology of high-quality ginger, the purpose is to be able to choose varieties that are more suitable for local planting conditions, in the process of selecting ginger varieties, we must focus on whether it has high yield and whether it has disease resistance and stress resistance, generally speaking, the selection mainly includes two methods, namely natural reproduction and artificial reproduction, and the selection of ginger species must be based on the specific soil conditions of the planting place and the specific local climate, and at the same time, when judging whether the varieties meet the high-quality conditions, it should also be based on the quality of the fruit, yield, and resistance to pests and diseases are comprehensively evaluated to ensure the stability of the variety. In addition, the selection of excellent ginger is also a very important link, should choose those who have better growth conditions, and do not have any pests and diseases, scientific selection methods can also cultivate high-quality ginger, at the same time can also lay a very solid foundation for the future production of high-quality ginger.
2.3 Ginger breeding technology
The purpose of improving different ginger varieties including innovating and cultivating new ginger varieties with better quality is to obtain higher yields and better quality, so as to meet the development of the future market and the different needs of consumers, and at the same time to provide effective technical support for the sustainable development of the ginger cultivation industry. Generally speaking, it must be evaluated accordingly according to the specific goals of breeding, so that some offspring that are more suitable for breeding can be better screened, and the screening mainly includes the evaluation of a series of aspects such as ginger germination and seedling growth, and the final results brought by these evaluations can help the staff to choose the best offspring cultivation direction in time, so as to facilitate the completion of artificial breeding. Artificial breeding actually refers to the use of artificial methods to control the reproduction of ginger accordingly, select individuals with good traits, and further select varieties, and the main content of breeding also includes the germination of ginger buds, including the specific conditions of seedlings in the growth process. Breeding refers to the breeding of high-quality ginger varieties selected by the staff, and the cultivation of varieties with better traits.
2.4 Plant planting
For the overall cultivation of ginger, plant planting is also a very important link, which has a great impact on the growth and development of ginger, including yield, spring is the most suitable season for ginger planting, and the planting will be completed around late March to early April every year. Soil fertilization is also very important, you can cultivate the soil around the plant, increase the fertility of the soil, including the effect of moisturizing, in addition, for those newly planted ginger seedlings sufficient water is also very important, must ensure that the planted soil is kept moist, but also need to pay attention to the phenomenon of overwatering, because excessive watering will also lead to rotten roots or lack of oxygen in the plant, to achieve the scientific cultivation of ginger, it is very important to master the corresponding plant planting technology, which has a very important impact on the final healthy growth of ginger plants, including high-quality production。
2.5 Bagging
Bagging refers to the use of special bags on the ears of ginger plants to protect them, to avoid the ears from being affected by pests and diseases, and at the same time can also reduce the use of chemical pesticides, the bagging operation will generally be carried out in June every year, the texture of the bag must be good air permeability, and the sunlight can shine through the bag to the ears inside, which can better promote the development of the fruit. At the same time, it is also necessary to avoid the phenomenon of fruit damage or deformation caused by friction against each other, and bagging the fruit before it is officially ripe can also help the fruit to play a role in heat preservation, preventing it from being affected by excessive sunlight exposure or temperature changes, which is conducive to better improving the overall quality including yield.
3 Field management methods of high-quality ginger under the concept of high yield
3.1 Water and fertilizer management
After research, the water and fertilizer management of ginger will eventually have a very important impact on the growth of ginger, including the overall quality, reasonable water and fertilizer management can better improve the overall yield including quality, and at the same time can also reduce the probability of pests and diseases. First of all, the water and fertilizer management of the soil, choose to use organic fertilizer, and combine the specific fertility of the soil and the climatic conditions of the scientific use of chemical fertilizers to ensure the various nutrients needed in the growth process of ginger, but at the same time, it is also necessary to pay attention to the appropriate amount of fertilizer, and at the same time to grasp the timing. The second is irrigation management, which can effectively improve the yield and quality of the plants by irrigating them more reasonably, so we can choose to use water-saving irrigation methods, such as drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation. In addition, it is also necessary to pay attention to the timing of irrigation, which should be avoided as much as possible during the flowering period of ginger, as irrigation during this period may affect the final product quality. In addition, the integrated management of water and fertilizer, which belongs to a modern comprehensive management method, reasonable water and fertilizer allocation, can achieve the purpose of increasing the final crop yield, in the high-yield concept of high-quality ginger cultivation process, you can choose this technology, to minimize the loss of fertilizer including soil pollution, to better improve the efficiency of fertilizer use, but also to ensure the quality and yield of the final ginger.
3.2 Pest and disease management
Under the concept of high yield, when managing pests and diseases of high-quality ginger, we must choose a more integrated control method, choose to use a variety of pollution-free control methods as much as possible, and avoid the application of chemical pesticides, which can better ensure the quality and safety of ginger, as shown below. First of all, it is necessary to strengthen the early warning of various pests and diseases, complete regular inspections, and at the same time collect specimens, grasp the specific patterns of the occurrence of pests and diseases and related situations, and make corresponding predictions for future developments, which can better help staff choose effective measures. The second is the use of biological control methods, the use of natural enemies or parasites and bacteria and a series of ways to control the pests and diseases of ginger, for example, you can choose to introduce spiders or aphids that have the effect of natural enemies of the ginger insect pests themselves, biological control of pests and diseases such as leafhoppers, the third point is that it is necessary to continuously strengthen the management of the soil, reasonable fertilization can also better improve the quality of the soil, and can also strengthen the immunity of the plant itself, for example, the staff can choose organic fertilizer or mineral fertilizer scientifically according to the specific conditions of the soil and the relevant needs of the plant in the growth。 The fourth point is to choose the use of physical control methods, and choose more appropriate methods, such as yellow boards and sticky insect boards, to effectively control related diseases. The fifth point is the use of pesticides, if pesticides must be used in the process of prevention and control, then it is also necessary to choose some low-residue pesticides, and in accordance with the relevant standards to confirm the amount and time of use of pesticides, to avoid the problem of environmental or human impact, at the same time, it is also necessary to regularly monitor the soil and water sources, including ginger fruits, to ensure the quality and safety of the final high-quality ginger.
In the study of the growth environment of ginger, it is necessary to strengthen the effective control of the environment, and improve the air or water pollution problem on the basis of ensuring the growth environment of ginger. Therefore, during the selection or construction of ginger planting base, the relevant staff need to consider the standardization of base construction, and pay attention to all factors on the basis of ensuring the requirements of ginger planting, so as to reduce the impact of external factors on ginger planting. During the actual work, it is necessary to design various programs for ginger planting, scientifically and reasonably build the planting base, according to the relevant national standards and requirements, to ensure the rationality of the work, to ensure that the water source and air quality meet the standards, to meet the standards of the industry planting, especially in the selection of ginger planting base, in order to strengthen the full use of land resources, can not plant the rest of the ginger in the original planting area, strengthen the effective division and treatment of planting species, improve the efficiency of ginger planting, ensure that planting technicians can grasp the ginger planting sequence in detail, and ensure the rationality of planting operations。
3.3 Harvest
The ginger harvest season is August every year, but in order to effectively extend the specific time of the ginger storage process, it is generally chosen to start harvesting in November, when the temperature drops to around 15°C. When harvesting, the weather should be as sunny as possible, first of all, the above-ground stems must be cut off, and then the rhizomes should be cut out, and the damaged ginger pieces should be picked out, and those fresh gingers that meet the appearance grade requirements need to be stored or sold in grading.
4 Conclusion
This paper mainly focuses on how to cultivate high-quality ginger under the concept of high yield, and through the analysis of the selection of planting plots, including seed selection and breeding, we can better study how to cultivate high-quality ginger under the guidance of the concept of high yield. At the same time, in terms of field management, technologies such as water and fertilizer management, pest management and pesticide management are also very important. Scientific and reasonable methods should be adopted, pay attention to ecological and environmental protection, and strive to create a high-yield, environmentally friendly and safe high-quality ginger production model, so as to provide consumers with healthier and high-quality ginger products.