Learn the essentials of Red Beauty citrus greenhouse cultivation techniques
Li Fugui
As a new citrus variety that has been cross-bred, the emergence of Red Beauty Citrus has brought considerable economic benefits to the citrus industry. However, because red beauty citrus has high requirements for planting conditions, climate environment, soil factors, etc. will affect its growth, and it is also susceptible to the influence of pests and diseases during its growth and development, so how to reasonably regulate the light, temperature and other conditions and effectively control pests and diseases in the planting of red beauty citrus has become a key concern of people, and the application of greenhouse cultivation technology can effectively solve the above problems.
1 Comparative test of red beauty citrus greenhouse cultivation and open field cultivation
Red Beauty Citrus is a hybrid of orange and orange with "Nanxiang" and "Amakusa" as the female and male parents respectively. Its flesh is orange-yellow and has a lot of sugar, it is soft and juicy, and it is of high quality, and it is loved by consumers as soon as it is launched. In order to efficiently meet the market demand, the author carried out a comparative test of greenhouse cultivation and open field cultivation of red beauty citrus, and compared and analyzed the cost-effectiveness of the two cultivation methods with specific data.
1.1 Materials and Methods
In order to ensure that the test conditions are least affected by other parameters as much as possible, the author selects the greenhouse test site and the open field test site in the same area of a rural area. The greenhouse test site is in the farmland area of the countryside, the altitude is 200 m, and the open field test site is also selected in the farmland area of the village, the altitude is 320 m, the distance between the two test sites is only 1 km, the soil of the test site is mainly red soil and yellow soil, the soil thickness is 60 cm, the pH is about 5, and the climatic conditions are the same.
1.1.1 Test materials
A round-arched greenhouse was set up in the greenhouse test site and covered with film on the roof of the shed to strictly control the specific rainfall, sunshine time and temperature in the shed. The open-field test site also adopts the same technical management measures as the greenhouse test site.
1.1.2 Research Methodology
In order to obtain accurate observation data, the authors set the research method as "two treatments and three repetitions", "two treatments" refers to greenhouse treatment and open field treatment, and "three repetitions" refers to repeated observation of three plants, and accurately recorded tree height, east and west branch length, north and south branch length data and production volume in June and November of each year.
1.2 Analysis of test results
1.2.1 Growth analysis
Because the red beauty citrus tree is strong, whether it is cultivated in a greenhouse or in the open field, its branching power is strong. Comparison of the growth of red beauty citrus cultivation in greenhouses and open field cultivation is shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Comparison of the average growth of red beauty citrus cultivation in greenhouses and open field cultivation
From Table 1, it is not difficult to see that the growth of citrus cultivated in greenhouses reached 98.2 cm in the same year, while that of open-field cultivation was only 75.6 cm. The average growth of greenhouse cultivation is 22.6 cm higher than that of open field cultivation, and the full height of red beauty citrus cultivated in greenhouse is also 20 cm higher than that of open field cultivation. Although the greenhouse cultivation of the eastern and western parts is shorter than that of the open field cultivation, the overall difference is not large, and according to the survey, this problem is mainly due to the polarization of the red beauty citrus canopy in the greenhouse. Overall, according to the data, it is not difficult to find that the growth of red beauty citrus planted in greenhouses will be significantly higher than that cultivated in the open field. And all the data were input into the SPSS statistical software, and it was found that P=0.023, which was significantly less than 0.05, and the data was valid.
1.2.2 Fruit quality analysis
After the red beauty citrus fruit, in order to accurately judge the edibility of the fruit under the two cultivation methods and the data of various parameters of the fruit, the author deliberately sent the fruit to a professional agricultural testing technology company for testing. The specific analysis data are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Analysis of fruit quality of red beauty citrus cultivated in greenhouses and open fields
It is not difficult to know from Table 2 that whether it is greenhouse cultivation or open field cultivation, the peel of red beauty citrus produced is thinner, the thickest will not exceed 1.45 mm, and the quality of a single fruit is excellent, and the weight of a single fruit is extremely high, but there is still a weight difference of 4 g between greenhouse cultivation and open field cultivation, and the thickness of the peel and edible rate are also very small, but according to the comparison of data, it is not difficult to find that the edible rate and peel thickness of red beauty citrus cultivated in greenhouses are still better than those cultivated in open field.
1.2.3 Resistance analysis
After actual investigation, it was found that the planting of red beauty citrus by open field cultivation method is very prone to citrus huanglongbing, black spot disease and citrus longhorn beetle, and under the conditions of open field cultivation, red beauty citrus is also very susceptible to the influence of aphids, scale insects and other insect pests, and becomes a "small old tree", which seriously endangers the planting effectiveness of red beauty citrus. The use of greenhouse cultivation can help the cultivators to strictly control the growth environment of red beauty citrus, and in the greenhouse, people can also independently install insect nets and cover the top film to effectively prevent pest infestation, improve the rate of red beauty products, create better economic benefits for fruit tree cultivation, and truly achieve quality and production.
2 Analysis of the key points of red beauty citrus greenhouse cultivation technology
Through experimental comparison, it is not difficult to find that greenhouse cultivation has more outstanding advantages in terms of growth amount, fruit quality and pest control than open field cultivation. People can rely on greenhouse cultivation methods to accurately control the growth environment of red beauty citrus, and further extend the growth period under the premise of reasonable adjustment of environmental factors such as light and temperature, so that red beauty citrus can have more favorable growth conditions, and then improve its planting efficiency. Next, the author will elaborate on the technical points of greenhouse cultivation of red beauty citrus, hoping to provide valuable reference for red beauty citrus growers with the help of effective analysis and research.
2.1 Selection of cultivation site technology
Red Beauty Citrus, a hybrid citrus variety, is not an easy task to achieve good results. Only by accurately controlling the soil pH value, strictly controlling the pH range within 5.0~7.0, and the cultivation site needs to have good water supply and drainage conditions, and maintain a suitable planting temperature, 17°C~22°C is the best, in order to play a better planting effect. Therefore, in order to accurately promote the cultivation technology of greenhouse red beauty, so that it can play its due effect, the choice of cultivation site is very important.
In terms of the selection of cultivation sites, the relevant personnel should choose the plots facing the southeast as much as possible to ensure sufficient sunshine time, so that the red beauty citrus can have more abundant light during the growth and development period, and for the soil selection, according to effective statistics, the soil suitable for the growth of red beauty citrus is mainly sandy loam and yellow loam, and the thickness of the soil plot of the planting site is best about 60 cm. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the water supply is sufficient and the drainage is timely, and there must be sufficient water sources and drainage facilities near the cultivation site, so as to effectively prevent the occurrence of drought and waterlogging. If the cultivation site is in a severe cold area, it is best to choose an area that relies on the mountains to effectively protect the fruit trees, and if the cultivation site is selected in the tidal flats, the soil pH value should also be strictly controlled, and if the soil pH value is found to be greater than 7.0, it is necessary to choose a suitable cultivation site.
2.2 Greenhouse facility material selection technology
In terms of the selection of materials for greenhouse facilities, if conditions permit, it is best to use all-steel pipe greenhouses, and the strut is best to use hot-dip galvanized square pipe + cement pillar to complete the production, and the two parts of the horizontal rod and the roof of the shed can not be ignored, and it is best to use hot-dip galvanized steel. In terms of size, in order to strictly control the growth space, the height of the roof should be controlled at 4.2 ~ 4.5 m, so as to reserve more sufficient space for the growth of branches, and then the operation of film covering can be improved. If the winter snowfall in the specific planting area is large, then when designing the arch distance of the greenhouse, it is necessary not to design too large the arch distance, and it is best to strictly control it at about 0.6 m, so as to effectively prevent the occurrence of snow pressure problems. Because the cold tolerance of red beauty citrus is weak, so when planting in winter, it is best to cover its surface with a layer of film to keep warm for red beauty citrus, but also to help it resist the wind and snow in winter and spring; in summer, in order to avoid sun burn, it can be covered with a shade net on its surface to achieve cooling at the same time, it can also effectively prevent the appearance of sunburn. The shade net can not only directly reduce the temperature of the canopy of the red beauty citrus tree and ensure that the tree can be in a normal growth state, but also improve the growth and content of chlorophyll in autumn shoots, so that the young trees of the red beauty citrus can quickly form a canopy, and the practicality is more significant.
When designing the shade net, you can choose to cover the shade net with 8 or 10 needles, which provides conditions for the healthy growth of fruit trees and effectively prevents the occurrence of premature aging.
2.3 Fertilizer and water management technology
The scientific implementation of fertilizer and water control can provide good conditions for the development of fruits. After the young tree survives, it can be topdressed, the top dressing is best carried out when the new shoots of the young tree initially grow to 3 ~ 5 cm, you can choose phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer and other fertilizers, so as to effectively meet the growth and development needs of young trees, while expanding the canopy, it can also promote its development more smoothly; the number of top dressing is best controlled twice a month, and nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer should be applied to it in the second year to ensure that the growth of the tree can be smoother. In order to consolidate the effect of fertilization, the relevant personnel can apply additional fertilization every six months, from February to September of the same year.
For the water quantity control, it is necessary to strictly control the autumn and winter seasons, and ensure that the flower buds of the red beauty citrus can be differentiated by regulating the water volume, so as to facilitate the subsequent results. After the tree grows adult, the number of fertilization can be appropriately reduced, only one basal fertilizer and two top dressing can be applied within a year, the basal fertilizer application time is best in mid to late November, with the application of organic fertilizer, the amount of urea can be reduced. In general, if pig and chicken manure water is applied, the specific dosage should be controlled within 50 ~ 75 t/hm 2, and if calcium, magnesium and phosphorus fertilizer is applied, it should be applied according to the amount of 1000 kg/hm 2. The two topdressing can be scheduled in late February and late June, and with the help of top dressing, the fruit can be grown with high quality. The specific topdressing amount can be set to 550 kg/hm 2 of urea for bud fertilizer and 400 kg/hm 2 for strong fruit fertilizer.
2.4 Flower and fruit management techniques
Because the red beauty citrus is very easy to survive, the tree produces more abundant flowers, and the fruit bearing rate is relatively high, so the relevant personnel must pay attention to the management of flowers and fruits, with reasonable technology, as far as possible to reduce the burden of excessive flowers and fruits on the tree, so as to effectively avoid the emergence of tree weakness. During the specific application of the technology, it is necessary to carry out the management of flower and fruit thinning according to the actual situation to further improve the quality of the fruit, so as to effectively reduce the occurrence of yellowing and senescence of the tree. In order to avoid the phenomenon of many flower buds competing for nutrients, part of the flower buds can be removed at the bud stage to ensure that the removal of flower buds accounts for 30% of the total, and by removing too many flower buds, the rest of the flower buds can have sufficient nutrients. When removing flower buds, you can first remove the thin, yellowish and weakened flower buds, if the flower removal rate is still insufficient, and then according to the actual needs, the healthy flower buds can be removed.
In fact, there will be two physiological fruit drops in red beauty citrus, and the fruit thinning operation can be implemented after the completion of the second physiological fruit drop, and during the fruit thinning period, it can be combined with the fruit bagging operation, and before bagging, the diseased and weak fruits are first removed.
2.5 Pest control techniques
Common citrus fruit pests and diseases, such as the Red Beauty citrus, is extremely susceptible to black spot disease and canker disease, so it is necessary to prevent pests and diseases in advance to ensure that the planting results can meet expectations. Under normal circumstances, during the growth period of young shoots and the extraction period of autumn shoots, it is necessary to implement the prevention and control of dispensing in a timely manner. At the same time, it is necessary to clean up the diseased branches in time to prevent the diseased branches from competing for nutrients, and in winter, it is also necessary to reasonably strengthen the treatment of the source to reduce the risk of infection-related diseases of red beauty citrus as much as possible. Due to the differences in planting environmental conditions in different regions, it is necessary to practice the principle of specific analysis of specific problems when applying control methods, and carry out pest control according to local conditions.
If there are obvious pests and diseases such as red spider and citrus anthracnose in the planting area, green control measures can be implemented on the premise of following the principle of comprehensive control. During the specific control period, the greenhouse can be sprayed with stone sulfur mixture before germination in spring, so as to effectively reduce the base number of diseases and insects. For the insect pest of red spider, 20% W ketone wet powder can be used for control in the flowering and young fruit stages of red beauty citrus, and 2000 times of the content of about 70% gram mite can be used in the remaining growth stages of citrus, and the specific control work can be implemented in accordance with the principle of concentrated shoot release and spraying. For citrus anthracnose, we should attach great importance to the role of prevention. In the growth process of red beauty citrus, fertilizer and water management can be strengthened, organic fertilizer can be applied to help it effectively resist diseases, in addition, it is necessary to effectively implement the drainage operation of greenhouse orchards, and apply advanced drainage technology to promote the enhancement of tree strength. In order to further consolidate the control effect, one spraying can be carried out during the spring, summer and autumn shoots extraction, so as to provide good protection for the new shoots.
3 Conclusion
To sum up, as a hybrid orange variety, red beauty citrus has a good taste and rich nutritional value, once it is listed, it is widely loved by consumers, in this context, its demand has increased significantly, red beauty citrus planting, how to reasonably regulate the light, temperature and other conditions, and effectively control pests and diseases, has become a key issue for each plantation. Compared with open-field cultivation, with the facility greenhouse cultivation technology, it can effectively control pests and diseases, improve the fruit quality of red beauty citrus, and has outstanding cultivation and operation advantages, which is worth promoting.