The reporter learned from the Citrus Research Institute of Southwest University that the world's first citrus liquid phase breeding chip developed by the team of the National Citrus Variety Improvement Center of the Institute - "Tangerine Core No. 1" was recently authorized by the national invention patent.
Citrus is planted in the mainland with an area of more than 48 million mu and an annual output of more than 58 million tons, ranking first in the world. "Sixty percent of the varieties used in mainland China's current production are imported from abroad. Chen Shanchun, a researcher at the National Citrus Variety Improvement Center, said that at present, the mainland citrus seed industry is facing problems such as the lack of varieties with independent intellectual property rights, the ravages of major dangerous diseases such as huanglongbing and canker, and the serious lag in the demand for diversified citrus varieties and variety creation. However, the traditional hybrid breeding cycle is long and the purpose is poor, and it often takes more than 30 years to breed a new variety.
Breeding chip is an important tool for genotype detection of germplasm resources, which is mainly used to create a unique "DNA ID card" of varieties. It can quickly identify genes or markers associated with superior traits and plays an important role in crop genetic improvement and breeding research. Previously, there were no mature citrus genotyping chips in the mainland.
The National Citrus Germplasm Resource Nursery established by the Citrus Research Institute of Southwest University is the largest citrus germplasm resource nursery in mainland China and the second largest in the world. The National Citrus Variety Improvement Center has created the most abundant hybrid and transgenic resources in the country. The team screened out more than 40,000 core SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) loci through deep resequencing of more than 300 representative citrus germplasm resources in the National Citrus Germplasm Resource Garden. At the same time, they added thousands of SNPs closely related to important traits in citrus, and used targeted capture technology to develop a 40K liquid phase breeding chip for the whole genome of citrus.
"Breeding chips can greatly improve breeding efficiency and accuracy. Li Qiang, associate professor of the Citrus Research Institute of Southwest University, introduced.
"Breeding chips can also greatly shorten the parental selection configuration and offspring preselection cycle. He Yongrui, director of the National Citrus Variety Improvement Center of the Institute, introduced that "Tangerine Core No. 1" will lay the foundation for the development of citrus biological breeding and the development of a genome-wide selection breeding platform for citrus, which will help design and breed new citrus varieties with high quality and high (multi) resistance, and has great application prospects. At present, the team is using "Tangerine Core No. 1" to accelerate the cultivation of new varieties resistant to huanglongbing and canker disease.
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Article source: Science and Technology Daily
Editors of this issue: Zhai Yiting and Wei Rong
Review of this issue: Wang Meihong
Producer of this issue: Zheng Hongyan
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