The evaluation of Xunzi in the past dynasties and the turning point of modern Chinese academic thought
Zhou Lu
In the twenty-third year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty, that is, in 1897 in the Western calendar, Mr. Tan Sitong (Fusheng) of Liuyang wrote the book "Renxue", in which the joint criticism of Qin Zheng and Xunxue still has a continuous and huge influence, and before that, the Confucian scholars who lived in the Qianjia era, Mr. Qian Daxin (Xiaozheng) of Jiading, Mr. Yao Nai (Ji Chuan) of Tongcheng, and others also expressed their comments on Qin Zheng and Xunxue. In this paper, we will focus on the comparison of the anti-Qin politics and respect for Xunxue of scholars in the middle of the Qing Dynasty and the anti-Qin politics and anti-Xunxue of beginners in the Qing Dynasty, and trace the evaluation of Xunzi by Chinese scholars in the past dynasties and the rise and fall of the status of Xunzi and Mencius in the past dynasties. Through this kind of comparison and retrospection, the evolution of China's political thought in the past 200 years, and even the path and misunderstanding of the evolution of academic thought as a whole, can be seen in general.
An important premise for examining the theories of later scholars Qin Zheng and Xun Xue is to review Xunzi's own attitude and stance towards Qin Zheng. Although a large number of scholars since the Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China opposed Qin Zheng and Xunxue at the same time, and regarded the two as the cooperative relationship between "big thieves" and "hometown wishes", as far as Xunzi himself was concerned, he was quite dissatisfied with Qin Zheng. Of course, the person Xunzi entered back then was not the Qin Dynasty after the first emperor unified the six countries, but the Qin State in the era of King Zhaoxiang.
"Xunzi Qiangguo" cloud:
“力术止，义术行。 曷谓也？”
He said: "Qin Zhi is also." The power is strong Tang Wu, the vast Shun Yu, but the sorrow is not invincible, and the mystery is often afraid that one of the worlds will be combined and roll himself, this so-called force and magic is also stopped. ”
Youyun:
Ying Hou asked Sun Qingzi: "What do you see when you enter Qin?"
Sun Qingzi said: "Its solid plug is dangerous, the situation is convenient, the mountains, forests, rivers and valleys are beautiful, and the benefits of natural materials are many, and the shape is victorious." Entry, looking at its customs, its people are simple, its vocal music is not dirty, its clothes are not picky, and they are very afraid of having a division and obeying, and the ancient people are also. and the Duyi government, its hundred officials are solemn, all of them are frugal, respectful, faithful and unashamed, and the ancient officials are also. Entering his country, looking at the doctor of the chevalier, out of his door, entering the public gate, out of the public gate, returning to his family, without any private affairs, not compared to Zhou, not friends, but also the public, the ancient scholars and doctors. Looking at its court, its court, listening to the decision of all things is not left, as calm as the anarched, the ancient dynasty also. Therefore, the fourth world has a victory, not luck, and a number of them. It's what you see, too. Therefore, it is said: Treat it without worrying, make a detailed appointment, and work without annoyance, and cure it to the end. Qin class. Although, there are its drawbacks. It is also a number of people and has everything, but the county is famous as a king, and it is not far away!"
"What is it?"
Therefore, it is said: 'Pure and king, refute and hegemon, and no one will die.' This is also Qin's shortcoming. ”
"Xunzi Confucianism" cloud:
King Qin Zhao asked Sun Qingzi, "Confucianism is not beneficial to the country of people?"
Sun Qingzi said: "The Confucian law is the first king, the courtesy and righteousness, and the courtiers are respectful and noble." If the master uses it, it is imperative that it is appropriate in the current dynasty, and if it is not used, it will be retiring from the people's organization, and it will be a succession. Although they are poor and frustrated, they will not be greedy for evil ways; there is no place for them, but they are clear about the righteousness of holding the community; they can not respond to it, but they are the brokers who support the people through all things and all things. If the power is in the people, the material of the prince is also, and under the people, the minister of the society and the treasure of the monarch. Although hidden in a poor house, people are not expensive, and the Tao is sincere. Zhong Ni will be the Si Kou, Shen You's dare not drink his sheep, Gong Shen's wife is out, Shen Clan's cross the border and migrate, Lu's porridge cattle and horses are not Yujia, and they will be treated by fleas. Living in the Que Party, the children of the Que Party do not have to be divided, those who have relatives take more, and filial piety is used to transform them. In the current dynasty, Confucianism is beautiful and political, and in the lower position, it is beautiful and customary. Confucianism is like this. ”
The king said, "But what is it like to be a human being?"
Sun Qing said: "He is also a vast person: the will is set inside, the etiquette is cultivated in the court, the law is measured by the official, the faithful love is under the form, and the world is won by doing one injustice and killing one without sin. This gentleman's righteousness is trustworthy to the people, and it is connected to the four seas, so the world should be as ridiculed, what is it? Therefore, those who are near sing and enjoy it, and those who are far away rush to it, if there is a family within the four seas, the accessible ones are not obedient, and the husband is the teacher. "Poem" says: "From the west to the east, from the south to the north, no thought is unconvinced." That's right. The husband is also the same as the other as the man, and the same is true for the man, what does it mean that it is not beneficial to the country of man?"
Shoo said: "Good! ”
"Xunzi Yibing" cloud:
King Xiaocheng and Linwu Jun said: "Good." May I ask what is the way and what can be done by the king's soldiers?" Sun Qingzi said: "...... The Qin people, their people are also ugly, and their people are also fierce, robbing them with power, hiding them with their strength, rewarding them with celebrations, and punishing them, so that the people of the world want to benefit the above, and there is no reason to fight. ......”
Press: "Xunzi" of the "Strong Country" article, saying that what the Qin State did at that time was "force", not "righteousness", and the so-called "force" is "the power of the school, that is, "the sorrow is invincible, and the one who is afraid of the world is one and the other is also self-defeating." (Yang Liang's "Note" said: "Fear, fear.") Wang Xianqian's "Collection of Explanations" cloud: "If you balance it, you can't get the name of the king." He also quoted Hao Yixing and said: "Suan, super far away." In response to Qin Xiang Fan Ju's question of "what do you see when you enter Qin", Xunzi clearly pointed out that the government of Qin is far from "the fame of the king", and its obvious shortcoming is that it is "no Confucianism"; when answering the question of King Qin Zhao that "Confucianism is not beneficial to the country of people", Xunzi clearly expounded the utility of Confucianism in the governance of the country; when answering the questions of King Zhao Xiaocheng and Chu Linwujun, Xunzi clearly expressed his dissatisfaction with the harshness of Qin's government. In short, in the book "Xunzi", people can see that Xunzi is at the juncture of the great historical change of "Zhou and Qin", and his distinctive attitude and position is to respect Confucianism rather than Qin.
Sima Qian's "Historical Records" Volume 6 "Qin Shi Huang Benji" cloud:
The first emperor pushed the end of the transmission of the first five virtues, thinking that Zhou Dehuo De, Qin Dynasty Zhou De, never winn. Fang is the beginning of water virtue, and the beginning of the new year,...... The name of the river was changed to Deshui, which is thought to be the beginning of water virtue. Fortitude is profound, everything is determined by the law, carving out benevolence and righteousness, and then combining the number of five virtues. So the law is urgent, and those who have been for a long time will not be forgiven.
Youyun:
It is so good that Jia Sheng's inference is also good......! As for the first emperor, the remnants of Fen VI, Zhen Chang and Yu Yu, swallowed two weeks and died the princes, and performed the supreme and made Liuhe. Insist on beating and whipping the world, and vibrate the world. ...... Therefore, the way of the first king was abolished, the words of a hundred schools of thought were burned, and the foolish Qianqian was the head, the famous city was killed, and the soldiers of the world were collected and the Xianyang was gathered,......。 ”
Youyun:
"The First Emperor did not ,...... One husband is difficult and seven temples, dead people's hands, for the world to laugh, why not? benevolence and righteousness do not apply and the offensive and defensive momentum is different. ”
Youyun:
"The king of Qin had a greedy heart, practiced the wisdom of self-exertion, did not believe in meritorious heroes, did not close to the people, abolished the royal road and established personal love, burned documents and tortured the law, first deceit and then benevolence, and took tyranny as the beginning of the world. The husband and the annex are highly deceitful, and the safe and secure are noble and obedient. ”
"Historical Records" Volume 87 "Biography of Li Silie" cloud:
The punishment of the law is becoming more and more serious, and everyone is in danger, and there are many people who want to be on the side. It is also the palace of a house, governing the straight road, galloping the road, the heavier the endowment, and the more resigned.
"Historical Records" volume 130 "Taishi Gong Self-Preface" contains Sima Tan's "On the Six Essentials" cloud:
Legalists do not have to be close to each other, they are not very noble and low, and once they are cut off from the law, they will be deprived of the grace of respecting and respecting. It can be used for a while, but not for a long time, so it is said that "strict and less graceful".
Ban Gu's "Book of Han" volume 56 "Biography of Dong Zhongshu" cloud:
Zhong Shu said: "...... the text of "Spring and Autumn", seek the end of the royal road, and get it right. ...... The great one of the Heavenly Dao is in Yin and Yang. Yang is virtue, yin is punishment, and the punishment is the main killing, and the main virtue is born. It is the old yang that always dwells in the great summer, and the matter of giving birth and growing up, and the yin always dwells in the great winter, and accumulates in the empty place. In this way, the virtue of heaven is not punished. ...... For the sake of politics and punishment, it is not obedient to the sky, so the first king Mo Zhi is willing to do it. Confucius said: "If you don't teach, you will be punished." 'Abuse of government is used for the next, and the desire for morality and religion is all over the world, so it is difficult to succeed. ”
Youyun:
Zhong Shu said: "...... In the last days of the Zhou Dynasty, it was a great way to lose the world. Qin succeeded him, but he could not change it, but also benefited more, banned literature, did not coerce books, abandoned gifts and friendships and bad news, and his heart wanted to destroy the way of the previous kings, and was designed for self-indulgence and simplicity. Therefore, he was established as the Son of Heaven at the age of fourteen and the country was destroyed. Since ancient times, there has never been a person who has defeated the people of the world such as Qin. The remnants of its poison have not been extinguished to this day, making the customs weak and evil, and the people are arrogant and stubborn, and they are so corrupt. ”
Youyun:
"Not so with Qin. The law of the teacher Shen Shang, the practice of Han Fei's words, the way of the emperor, the greedy wolf as the custom, and the non-Wende to teach the next also. Those who are good do not need to be exempted, and those who commit evil may not be punished. It is to disguise all the officials and ignore the truth, there is a courtesy of the king on the outside, and there is a heart on the back; it is shameless to make false and deceitful things, and it is shameless to be interested in profit; and it is good to use the cruel officials, to give the degree of death, exhaust the financial resources of the people, and the people are scattered, and they are not allowed to start from the business of farming and weaving, and the group of thieves is combined. It is because the torturers are very numerous, and the dead look at each other, and the adultery is endless, and the vulgarization is also caused. Therefore, Confucius said, "Guide the government to the government, punish the people, and the people are free and shameless", which is also said. ”
Note: Since the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the evil people who said that Qin politics have been endlessly written and enumerated, and have continued to the Ming and Qing dynasties, and have become the basic consensus of Confucian scholars and doctors in all dynasties. However, the opposition to the concept of Qin Zheng did not begin in the early Han Dynasty, and Xunzi was a representative figure of scholars from the Six Kingdoms criticizing Qin Zheng.
Tan Sitong's "Renxue" volume 29 clouds:
The politics of the past 2,000 years, the Qin government, are all thieves, and the 2,000-year-old learning, Xun learning, and the wishes of the country. But the thief takes advantage of the township's wishes, and the villagers are willing to flatter the thieves. The two are mutually reinforcing, and they are not entrusted to the hole. The great thief of the trustee wishes to blame the hole entrusted to him, and he can know the hole!
Note: For more than 100 years, a large number of Chinese people have been in the great ideological wave of the times criticizing traditional culture, and few of them have not been affected by Mr. Fusheng's words. However, the criticism of Qin Zheng and Xun Xue at the same time did not begin with the Tan family in Liuyang.
Since Xunzi more than 2,000 years ago had clearly expressed his negative attitude toward Qin Zheng, why did Mr. Tan Fusheng more than 2,000 years later list Qin Zheng and Xunzi as the cooperative relationship between "big thieves" and "hometown wishes" and lash out at them? To discuss this key issue that involves the turning point of modern Chinese academic thought, we must roughly review the scholars' evaluation of Xunzi and the rise and fall of Xunmeng's status in the more than 2,000 years after the Qin and Han dynasties.
"Historical Records" volume 74 "Mencius Xunqing Biography" cloud:
Xun Qing, Zhao Ren. At the age of fifty, he came to study in Qi. ...... When Qi Xiang was the king, Xun Qing was the most teacher. Qi Shang repaired the lack of doctors, and Xun Qing was a sacrificial winemaker. Qi people or slander Xunqing, Xunqing is suitable for Chu, and Chun Shenjun thinks that Lanling order. Chun Shenjun died and Xun Qing was abolished, because of the family Lanling. Li Siwei is a disciple, and he has already met Qin. Xun Qing is turbid with the politics of the world, the country is chaotic, and the road is not successful, and the camp is Wu Zhu, Xin Zhenxiang, contemptuous Confucianism, such as Zhuang Zhou, etc., and funny and vulgar, so the Confucianism, ink, and morality are prosperous and bad, and the sequence of tens of thousands of words died.
"Historical Records" volume 131 "The Biography of Confucianism" cloud:
The world is fighting for the Warring States, Confucianism is both stubborn, but between Qi and Lu, scholars are not abandoned. On the occasion of Wei and Xuan, Mencius and Xunqing were among them, and they were polished in accordance with the master's business, and they were shown in the world with learning.
Liu Xiang "Xunzi Narrative" cloud:
Sun Qing abides by etiquette and righteousness, acts in accordance with rope and ink, and is poor and lowly. Mencius, also a great Confucian, with human nature is good, Sun Qing after Mencius for more than 100 years, thought that human nature is evil, so he wrote "Sexual Evil" to non-"Mencius". ...... To Hanxing, Dong Zhongshu, the prime minister of Jiangdu, was also a great Confucian, and wrote a beautiful book Sun Qing. ...... And Zhao also has Gongsun Long, who distinguishes the similarities and differences between the strong and white, and the words of the virgin. Wei has Li Kui, the best of the earth's teaching. Chu has corpses, Changluzi, and taro, all of whom are books, but they are not the law of the first king, and they do not follow the technique of Confucius, only Meng Ke and Sun Qing are able to respect Zhongni, and Lanling is good at learning, and Sun Qing is also covered. The elders still say: "Lanling people like the word Qing." "Gai Yifa Sun Qing also. Mencius, Sun Qing, and Mr. Dong are all small five uncles, thinking that the gate of Zhongni, the five-foot boy, are all ashamed to call the five uncles, such as the king can use Sun Qing, and the king is more than the king, but the world can not be used, and the king of the six kingdoms is destroyed. The Qin State was in turmoil and died. Looking at Sun Qing's book, its Chen Wangdao is very easy to do, and it cannot be used in the world, and its words are sad and painful. Woohoo, so that the people finally Lu Alley, and the deeds are not seen in the world. Alas, it can be a tear. Its book is more than a biography, and it can be used as a law, and it is recorded hereby.
Bangu's "Book of Han" volume 36 "The Biography of King Chu Yuan" cloud:
Zhong Ni said: "The material is difficult to be!" Since Confucius, there have been many scholars who have dropped out of literature, only Meng Ke, Sun Kuang, Dong Zhongshu, Sima Qian, Liu Xiang, and Yang Xiong. It is said that "if a saint does not come out, there will be a person who lives in the world", is it close?
"Book of Sui" volume 34 "Jing Ji Zhi III" cloud:
Zhong Nizu recounted the previous generations, revised the Six Classics, three thousand disciples, and received their righteousness. As for the Warring States, Meng Ke, Zisi, Xun Qing and others, the sect and the teacher, each have their own descriptions and inventions.
The appendix of "Zhongshuo" "Recording Tang Taizong and Fang Wei on Etiquette and Music" cloud:
(Wei Zheng said): Confucius said: "Zhou is in the second generation, depressed and depressed, I follow Zhou." "Zhou Li", cut by Gongdan, "Poems" and "Books", described by Zhong Ni. Although the discipline is lacking, and the temperance is imperative, Xun and Meng Chen are in the front, Dong and Jia Shen are in the back, and the remaining words can be executed.
Yang Liang's "Xunzi Note Preface" cloud:
As for the Warring States Period, Shen and Shang were cruel, Sun and Wu became deceitful, and the people who talked about it were Shen, Mo, Su, and Zhang were the sects, so the way of the Kong clan was almost gone, and the people with lofty ideals were heartbroken! Therefore, Meng Ke explained the front, and Xun Qingzhen followed. Looking at its words and things, the root is extremely reasonable, perfunctory to the ancients, the world, the chaos and the reason, easy to backhand, the real name of the world, the teacher of the king. And his book is also so winged six classics, glorifying Kong's family, not the words of the sons. Gai Zhou Gong made it, Zhong Nizu said it, Xun and Meng agreed to it, so the glue solid royal road, deep to prepare, although the Spring and Autumn Period of the four Yi invasion, the Warring States of the three outlines of the relaxation, Si Dao did not fall.
Pi Rixiu's "Pi Zi Wen Xu" Volume 9 "Please Han Wen Gong Match Taixue Shu" cloud:
Mencius, Xun Qing, wing Confucius Dao.
Sun Deqian's "Zhuzi General Examination" Volume 1 Inner Part Test Yiyun:
Xun and Meng said that this has been the case since the Tang Dynasty.
Press: The book "Historical Records" written by Taishi Gong of the Western Han Dynasty is based on Mencius and Xunzi standing side by side, and it is a biography, which has opened the pattern of "Mengxun and respect" of Confucianism in later generations, so since the Tang Dynasty, scholars call Confucius after the great Confucianism, or Meng, Xun, or Xun, Meng, basically Mengxun and respect the attitude. In the Tang Dynasty, Mr. Ximei said that "Mencius, Xunqing, wings spread Confucius", that is, Mengxue and Xunxue are the two wings of Confucius. At that time, "Meng" and "Xun" were all sub-books. The former was annotated by Zhao Qi of the Han Dynasty, and the latter was annotated by Yang Liang of the Tang Dynasty. After the Song and Yuan dynasties, the book "Mencius" was upgraded to a scripture and became one of the officially determined "Thirteen Classics", while the status of "Xunzi" declined.
Wang Chong's "On Balance and Nature" cloud:
Sun Qing is anti-Mencius, writing the article "Sexual Evil", thinking that "human nature is evil, and its good ones are hypocritical." "Those who are sexually evil think that everything in life is evil. Hypocrites, when they grow up, are reluctant to do good. If Sun Qing said, there is no goodness in young people. Grass is a child, planting trees is a play, Confucius can do it, and a bean is a play. Stone is born and strong, and orchid is born and fragrant. Kindness, grow up, so the play of planting trees is Tang Sima, and the lane of beans is Zhou Shengshi. The nature of the orchid stone, so there is a strong incense test. Fu Sun Qing's words are not true. However, there is a fate for the words of sexual evil. One-year-old baby, no heart to push, see food, want to eat, see good, cry to play. When he grows up, he abstains from love and desires, and he is reluctant to do good. Liu Zizheng said: "In this way, there is no gas in the sky." If yin and yang are not equal to good and evil, then people will live in good peace......?" Yu Gu said that Meng Ke said that there are people who are good in human nature, and those who are above the middle people; Sun Qing said that those who are evil in human nature are also those who are below the middle people; and Yang Xiong said that those who mix good and evil in human nature are also middle people. If it is contrary to the way of the scriptures, it can be taught, and if the reason of nature is exhausted, it is not.
Press: Mencius and Xunzi's thoughts are very different, in the words of the good and evil of human nature, the scholars of the two Han Dynasty have continued the discussion of Mengxun's good and evil nature, but it is not common, Mr. Zhongren of the Eastern Han Dynasty said in the book "On Balance", in the reconciliation of Mencius, Xunqing and Yangxiong, and then express their own opinions.
Han Yu's "Mr. Changli's Collection" Volume 11 "Reading Xunzi" cloud:
Shiwu read Meng Ke's book, and then knew that the way of Confucius was respected, the way of the sage was easy to do, the king was easy to be the king, and the king was easy to overlord, thinking that Confucius was not a disciple, and those who respected the sage were just Meng. Late Yang Xiongshu, Yizun believes in Meng's family, because of Xiongshu and Meng's Yizun, then Xiong is also a saint's disciple? The way of the saint is not passed on to the world. The decline of Zhou, the good deeds of each of them with their own words, have used the chaos to make trouble, the "Six Classics" and the hundred schools of thought are mixed, but the teacher is still there. The fire is in Qin, Huang, and the old are in Han, and those who exist and are mellow, Meng Ke's and stop the ear, and Yangxiong's and stop the ear. And get Xun's book, so I know that there is Xun's also, if it is not pure when examining its words, it is rare to return it to Confucius, or it is still between Ke and Xiong!
Confucius deleted "Poems" and "Books", and sharpened the "Spring and Autumn Period", which was written by those who were in line with the Tao, and deposed by those who were separated from the Tao, so the "Poems", "Books" and "Spring and Autumn" were flawless. Those who want to cut Xun's disagreement are attached to the sage's book, and also Confucius's ambition! Meng's is mellow; Xun and Yang, big mellow but small flaws.
The same volume of "The Original Path" cloud:
Xun and Yang are also selective but not refined, and the language is vague and unknown.
"Mr. Chang Li's Collection" Volume 12 "Study Solution" cloud:
In the past, Meng Ke was eloquent, clear, and ruined the world, and died in the line. Xun Qing is upright, the big argument is Hong, he escaped from Chu, and abolished Lanling. It is a second Confucian, the words are the scriptures, the feet are the law, the absolute detachment, the excellent into the holy realm, how can it be in the world?
"Mr. Chang Li's Collection" Volume 18 "Book with Meng Shangshu" cloud:
Although Mencius was a virtuous and sage, he could not be positioned, and his empty words were useless, although he could not make up for anything? However, relying on his words, scholars still know that Zong Confucius respects benevolence and righteousness, and that the noble king is only a tyrant. The so-called eleven is in the thousands, and it is safe to be able to do it. Therefore, the more I respect Meng's family, I think that the merit is not under Yu, and this is also.
"Mr. Chang Li's Collection" Volume 20 "Sending Wang Xiucai Preface" cloud:
The Tao is in the study of Yang, Mo, Lao, Zhuang, and Buddhism, and the way of the sage who desires, and the way of the sage is still in the hope of the sea. Therefore, the way to seek the contemplation of the sage must start with Mencius.
Note: In the article "Reading Xunzi" in the Tang Dynasty, Mr. Changli said that Xunzi "If his words are not pure, he should return them to those who are different from Confucius", so he believes that among the successors of Confucius's Confucianism, Mencius belongs to the "mellow ones", while Xunzi and Yangxiong belong to "big mellow and small defects", and Xun is higher than Yang; The saying of "big mellow and small flaws" has a great influence on the evaluation of Xunzi by later scholars, so that when the officials of the Qianlong Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty revised the "General Catalogue of the Four Libraries", the officials of the "Four Libraries" still thought that Mr. Chang Li's statement "should be conclusive".
Zhao Yi's "Chenyu Cong Kao" Volume 4 "Respect for Mencius" Tiaoyun:
The book "Mencius", since the Han Dynasty, has been mixed among the sons, and there are few admirers. Since Tang Yangjuan, please use the "Analects", "Book of Filial Piety", and "Mencius" as one classic, but it has not been done, and Han Changli has respected it. Later, Pi Rixiu asked for "Mencius" as a discipline, and his expression was slightly cloudy: "The way of the sage is not more than the scriptures; the descent of the scriptures is not more than history; and the descent of history is not more than the son." Those who are not alien are also "Mencius", and those who give up their sons are all thieves of saints. Please abolish the book of Zhuang Lao, mainly "Mencius", there are those who can understand its righteousness, and its subject selection is the same as the Ming Sutra. "Then the Song people's respect "Mencius", its end in Yang Juan, Han Yu, its saying is smooth in the day rest.
Press: The meaning of Mr. Oubei in the Qing Dynasty said that in the Han Dynasty, "Mencius" was mixed with the sons, and the Song people's respect "Mencius" originated from the Tang Dynasty Gongquan, Changli, and Ximei.
"Mr. Chang Li's Collection" Volume 11 "Yuan Dao" cloud:
Siwu's so-called Tao is not the so-called Tao of the old and the Buddha. Yao Yi is the Shun of the transmission, Shun is the Yu of the transmission, Yu is the soup of the transmission, Tang is the transmission of the Wenwu Zhou Gong, the Confucius of the Wenwu Zhou Gong, and the Meng Ke of Confucius. Ke's death must not be passed on.
Sun Fu's "The Collected Works of Mr. Sun Mingfu" of "The Legend of the Faith Hall" cloud:
The way of Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen, Wu, Zhou Gong, and Confucius, and the way of Meng Ke, Xun Qing, Yangxiong, Wang Tong, and Han Yu.
The same book's "Shangkong Giving Things" cloud:
Since the death of the master, the Confucianists have learned their ways, and those who have entered the door are rare, but Meng Ke's, Xunqing's, Yang Xiong's, Wang Tong's, and Han Yu's are only. The five sages, the heavens and the masters.
The cloud of "Dong Zhongshu's Treatise" in the same book:
Confucius went down to the Western Han Dynasty, known as the Great Confucian or Meng Ke, Xunqing, Yang Xiong, with its words, example, enlightenment, saving time, merit, virtue and greatness.
Shi Jie's "Wandering Collection" Volume 6 "Zun Han" Cloud:
The Tao begins with Fuxi and ends with Confucius. ...... Fuxi, Shennong, Huangdi, Shaohao, Zhuan, Gaoxin, Tang Yao, Yu Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen, Wu, Zhou Gong, Confucius, there are four saints in ten, and Confucius is the most saint. Meng Ke's family, Xun Kuang's family, Yang Xiong's family, Wang Tong's family, and Han Yu's five sages, the officials are the best of the sages.
In the same book, Volume 7, "Salvation Sayings":
If the Tao is bad, it will be saved by one person, and if the world is in turmoil, it will be supported by one person. The Zhou dynasty declined, the princes were on the side, the Tao was bad, and Confucius survived. Confucius died, Yang and Mo made it, the Tao was bad, and Mencius survived. The Warring States period is prosperous, Yi and Qin are rising, the Tao is bad, and Xun is in good condition. Han Zuowei, Wang Mang, the Tao is bad, and Yang Xiong survives. The disadvantages of the Seven Kingdoms, Wang Gangkui, the Tao is bad, and the text is preserved. Since Qi and Liang, the Buddha, Lao Chi, and the Tao are bad, and the officials have survived.
Kong Daofu's "Five Sages Hall Inscription" cloud:
Although the sons are knowledgeable, they are not the literature of the five sages, and they cannot become the right path. It is the reason of the three talents, and the feelings of all things. Therefore, the saint is united with heaven and earth, and the high and low are in place, and the Tao is in it. Therefore, respect the virtues of the monarch, the discipline of the country, the rule of heaven, the establishment of people, all of them are also Dao. ...... The way of the saint is strong, and the five sages rise up and counsel him. ...... My saint's avenue is broken for heresy, and it is not allowed in the world. And Meng Xun's follow-up work is to describe Tang Yu's business, the source of benevolence, righteousness and morality, the tendency of the sons to become strange and unscrupulous, and the revival of the sage's teaching, which is very great.
Han Qi's "Anyang Collection" Volume 23 "Strategy" cloud:
Confucius didn't, those who could preach his way were only the five sages of Meng, Xun, Yang, Wang, and Han.
"Henan Cheng's Anthology" Volume 11 "Mr. Yichuan's Words VII" of "Mr. Mingdao's Tomb Table" cloud:
Zhou Gong is not, and the way of the sage is not good. Meng Ke died, and the learning of the saint was not transmitted. If the Tao is not good, there will be no good governance for a hundred generations, and if there is no learning and transmission, there will be no true Confucianism for thousands of years. Without good governance, scholars can still understand the way of good governance, and pass on to all the people and future generations; without true Confucianism, the world trade and trade do not know what to do. Human desires are wanton and heavenly reason is destroyed. After 1,400 years of his life, he learned from the scriptures without passing it on, and his ambition was to be a Taoist and a people. ...... The way of the sage is to be gentlemanly and bright, and it is a great achievement.
Press: Mr. Changli of the Tang Dynasty "Yuan Dao" article, the later generations have a great influence, on the Confucian Taoist system, saying that "the death of Ke, can not be passed on", that is, in respect of Mencius at the same time, Xunzi is excluded from the Taoist system, and there is a self-adherence to Mencius and the continuation of the Taoist system. In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, Mr. Ming Fu, Mr. Culai, Yuan Lu, and Mr. Zhigui discussed the Confucian Taoist system, and there was a theory of "five sages". The so-called "five sages" are Mencius, Xunqing, Yangxiong, Wen Zhongzi, and Han Wengong. As for Mr. Yichuan of the Northern Song Dynasty on the Confucian Taoism, he was not included in Xun, Yang, Wang, and Han, but with his own brothers, directly inherited from Mencius.
《河南程氏遗书》卷十八《伊川先生语四》云：
Xun Qing is high, and there are too many of them. Yang Xiongcai is short, and he is too little. Hanzi called it "big alcohol", but it is not. If there are two sons, it can be described as a big refutation.
《河南程氏遗书》卷十九《伊川先生语五》云：
Han Hui's words "Mencius is mellow", this statement is excellent, unless you see Mencius's intentions, you can't say it. His words "Xun and Yang are big and mellow and small", it is not. Xunzi is extremely biased, only one sentence "sexual evil", and the big book has been lost. Although Yang Zi has been less, he is already ignorant of sex, let alone what to say?
Youyun:
Xunzi said: "The beginning is a scholar, and the end is a saint." "Today's scholars must read, and only then can they become sages, but there are even more ways to do it. Although Xunzi can say this, he thinks that etiquette and righteousness are false, his sex is not good, and he still can't understand his self-affection, so how can he be born to become a saint?
"Henan Cheng's Foreign Books" Volume 10 "Collection of the Great Collection" cloud:
Xun Qingcai is highly educated, taking etiquette as hypocrisy, sex as evil, and not seeing sages, although he is said to respect the bow, but the times are far away. The way of the saint is not passed on.
"Henan Cheng's Testament" Volume 25 "Mr. Yichuan's Words 11" cloud:
Yang Zi is not self-satisfied, so his words are constantly spreading, and he is indecisive. His argument says: "Human nature is also a mixture of good and evil, and if you cultivate good, you will be a good person, and if you cultivate evil, you will be an evil person." Xunzi, who rebelled against the saints, therefore listed Mencius in the "Twelve Sons", and said that human nature is evil. How can a saint be so contrary to his nature that he is evil?
"Zhu Zi's Language" volume 137 clouds:
Xunzi has all the benefits, it is better than Yangzi, but it is also ugly.
Youyun:
Xunzi said "can be determined and then can respond", this is Xunzi's good words.
Youyun:
Asked: "Dongpo said that the three sons spoke of sex, Mencius had a good nature, and Xunzi had to say that he was evil, but it was not." However, there is no self-seeing of human nature. Xunzi said that it is evil, it just wants people to cultivate themselves, so he said this?" Mr. said: "Don't pay attention to Xun Qing, and pay attention to Mencius's goodness." The canal is clear and unreasonable. For example, there are black and white things in the world, this is black, and the other is white, so why should we distinguish between them? Xun Yang not only said that sex is not, but he doesn't know it from the beginning to the end. At that time, there was no enlightened person, and he said that he had been used in the world for more than a thousand years. Han retreats to say that Xun Yang is 'big mellow and small flawed'. Yi Chuan said: "Han Zi blames people very forgiving. From this point onwards, he is not reproaching others, but seeing people who are not broken. Now I will work on myself and build a foundation. This rule is clearly organized and does not need to be distinguished. ”
Youyun:
Xun Qing is all Shen and Han, and it can be seen in the article "Chengxiang". He saw that the Yongjun Secret Lord was fighting endlessly, and he was angry and compassionate, and he wanted to teach him in his ears, so he wrote this article. However, it is only necessary to return to the legal system and the execution of rewards and punishments.
"Zhuzi Language" volume four clouds:
Cheng Zi said: "On the theory of sexuality, it is not prepared, and on the theory of temperament, it is not clear, and the two are not." "Mencius only talks about sexuality, not qi, but not all. On the temperament of the temperament, this nature is inexhaustible, and the temperament is not sexual, and the ability of the sex is not thorough. Although Xun Yang and Han are talking about sex, they are actually only angry. Xunzi only saw that he was not good, so he said that he was evil. When Yangzi saw a half-good and half-evil person, he said that good and evil were mixed. Han Zi saw that there were many people in the world, so he set up a three-grade theory. Among the three sons, Han Zi said that it was closer. He takes benevolence, righteousness, propriety, and wisdom as his nature, and his joy, anger, sorrow, and happiness as his feelings, but there is a lack of the word "qi" in the middle.
Ma Duanlin's "General Examination of Literature" volume 208 "Examination of Scriptures and Books 35" quotes Chao Gongwu's "Junzhai Reading Journal" cloud:
His book regards sex as evil, etiquette as hypocrisy, non-admonishment, arrogance and auspiciousness, and the way of domineering. On academics, Zisi and Meng Ke are used as "decorating heresies and treacherous words", and they are slandered with Mo Zhai and Hui Shi. In terms of characters, it is supplemented by the plains and Xinling, and is the same as Yiyin and Bigan. Its fingers are often not mellow, so the clouds of Confucianism are flawed.
Press: Most of the scholars in later generations who belittled Xunqing began with Confucianism in the Song Dynasty. The decline of Xunzi's status also had a lot to do with the rise of Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming dynasties. Mr. Yichuan of the Northern Song Dynasty and Mr. Han'an of the Southern Song Dynasty both "respect Meng and suppress Xun", and do not take what Mr. Changli said in the article "The Original Dao". Although Zhu Zi rejected Xun Qing's theory of sexual evil, Zhu Zi's governance was close to Xun's, and there were also things that could be seen by those who knew it, and later generations of Confucians also said that Song Confucianism "changed temperament", which was actually secretly used by Xunzi's "transformation of sexuality", so the subtlety of the relationship between Song Confucianism and Xunzi can be seen not only by its superficial evaluation.
"New Tang Dynasty Book" volume 57 "Art and Literature Zhi I" cloud:
The dissolute people of the Warring States Period, Tian Piao, Shen Dao, Lie, and Zhuang, each debated, while Meng Ke and Xun Qing began to specialize in cultivating Kong's family to break heresy.
Ouyang Xiu's "Collection of Lay Scholars" Volume 44 "Zheng Xun's Name Change Preface" cloud:
The decline of three generations, learning is wasted and the way is unknown, and then the sons come out. Since Lao Tzu was tired of the Zhou rebellion, he used his small opinion to think that the art of the saint stopped here, and he began to denigrate the sage wisdom instead of benevolence and righteousness. Because of this, the sons benefited from unbridled dissenting opinions, and as for the Warring States, they were swinging but not rebelling. Then the similarities and differences between Qi and Qin Jianbai in the mountains and abysses flourished, and the learning of the sages was almost endless. In the end, Xun Qingzi used the words of "Poems" and "Books" alone, derogatory and corrective, and wrote books to non-princes, especially to persuade students to be urgent. Xun Qing, a native of Chu. Try to learn to do the princes, don't need it, retire the old Lanling, and the Chu people respect it. and the Warring States Period, the three generations of "poems" and "books" are not exhausted, and the great Confucian Jia Sheng and Sima Qian's disciples of the Han Dynasty are not exhausted Xun Qingzi, and they are said to be the closest to the saints. ...... The husband Xunqing has never seen the saint in person, and he has obtained it by reading his books. However, since Zizi thought and Mencius have been down, the meaning is light. Make it enter the gate of Confucius with You and Xia, I don't know its order. The scholars of the world, such as Xun Qing, can be described as learned.
"Collection of Lay Scholars" Volume 47 "Answer to Li Xu's Second Book" cloud:
Or he asked: Then the three sons are too talkative, and they say: But also. What is the difference? If Mencius says that human nature is good, and if he neglects to teach, it is a mistake; if Xunzi says that human nature is evil, and if he abandons it and does not teach, it is a mistake; and if Yang Zi says that human nature is mixed, and then he is reckless and does not teach, it is a transgression. However, the three sons, or running to the princes to follow their ways, or writing thousands of books to tell the future generations, are not indifferent to benevolence, righteousness, etiquette and pleasure. Gai Qi means that if the good do not teach for a day, they will be lost and fall into evil, the evil will be diligent in teaching, and the evil will be able to make the good, and the mixed will drive them away, so that they can get rid of the evil and become good. It is consistent with the "habits and sexuality" of "Shu", the "sex is close and far" of "Language", the "Mean" is "there is a rate", and the "Feeling of Caution" in "Music Notes". If the husband has three sons, his words are different, and his intentions are one, so he is the same as his words. Whoever talks about the three sons, and gives one word, then the one who gives the slander can rest.
Note: From the words of Mr. Yongshu, it can be seen that in the Song Dynasty, there were those who respected Meng, there were those who respected Xun, and there were also those who respected Mengxun, and his argumentative words have opened a precedent for Confucianism to "respect Mengxun".
Chao Shuo's "Confucian Sayings" of "Confucius and Mencius" cloud:
Confucius and Mencius are called those who advocate it? Han Confucianism has not yet existed. Neither do you know that respecting Confucius is also the ambition of Mencius? His scholars are mixed with heretics, and those who think that Confucius are not alone, and they are not the only ones, and they are not only Mencius. If you know the system of one king in the "Spring and Autumn Period", you will not let it teach two masters. The world is known as Xun Mengzi, Xun Qing slandered Mencius for being disobedient and classless, secluded and unified, closed and unresolved, inevitably for the disciples of the sons, how can he be worthy of the saint?
Press: In the Song Dynasty, Mr. Dao (Chao Shuozhi) opposed Confucius and Mencius, saying that Mencius could not be worthy of sainthood, and quoted the words of "Xunzi Fei Twelve Sons" as the basis. The contemporaries who doubted Meng and those who were not Meng also had Mr. Tai Bo (Li Jing)'s "Common Words" and Mr. Junshi (Sima Guang)'s "Suspicious Meng".
As for Mr. Yidao's question, "Who is the one who advocates the name of Confucius and Mencius?", that is, Mr. Yi Chuan.
"Henan Cheng's Sutras" Volume 6 "Analects and Explanations" cloud:
The way of Confucius and Mencius is the same, but its teachings are different.
Li Xinchuan's "Tao Destiny" Volume 3 "Chen Gongfu on Yichuan's Learning, Disaster and Chaos in the World" cloud:
Holy Decree: The study of scholars and doctors should be taught by Confucius and Meng, and their words and deeds should be commensurate with each other, and they can be used at the right time. It can be announced at home and abroad, so that I know my intentions.
Zhu Xi's "Collection of Mr. Zhu Wen's Official Documents" Volume 78 "The Ancestral Records of Mr. Jiankang Mansion Xuemingdao" cloud:
If I read Cheng's book less, I know that Mr. Taoist learns virtues, and he actually inherits the system of Confucius and Mencius.
Chen Zhensun's "Zhizhai Shulu Problem Solving" Volume 3 "Yu Meng" cloud:
The previous chronicle "Mencius" was originally listed in Confucianism, but Zhao Qigu thought it was like the "Analects". Since the Korean is known as the Meng Ke of Confucius, Ke died and could not be passed on, and the world's scholars said Confucius and Mencius. The book of "Mencius" can be said on the same day as Xun and Yang. Nowadays, the country has a department, "Yu" and "Meng" are listed side by side in the scriptures, and the two books of Cheng's Confucian exhortation are often on the surface, so they are now combined into one category.
"History of the Song Dynasty" volume 435 "Confucianism Biography V" cloud:
The official Chen Gongfu slandered the scholar who pretended to trust Cheng Yi. An Guo said: "The way of Confucius and Mencius will not be passed on for a long time. Since the Yi brothers first invented it, and then knew that it could be learned. Today, scholars are taught by Confucius and Mencius, and they are forbidden to learn from Yi, and they are entering the room and not by the house. ”
"Yuan History" volume 81 "Election Zhi I" cloud:
In the seventh year of the reign of the ancestors, he ordered one out of ten children of the courtiers to enroll in school, with four elders from Xu Heng and seven children from Wang Sui. To the twenty-fourth year, the establishment of the country, depending on the system. ...... Anyone who reads a book must first "The Book of Filial Piety", "Primary School", "Analects", "Mencius", "University", "The Mean", and "Poems", "Books", "Book of Rites", "Zhou Li", "Spring and Autumn" and "Yi".
Gu Yanwu's "Daily Knowledge" Volume 18 of the "Thirteen Classics" Tiaoyun:
Song Shicheng and Zhu Zhu came out of Confucianism, and began to take the "University" and "Zhongyong" in the "Notes", and entered the "Mencius" to accompany the "Analects", which is called the "Four Books". Because of this, the name of the "Thirteen Classics" was established.
"Siku Quanshu General Catalogue" Volume 35 Sutra Department 35 "Four Books" Class 1 Narrative Cloud:
"Analects" and "Mencius", the old ones are each a book. "University" and "The Mean", the second part of the old "Book of Rites". It was compiled as "Four Books", starting from Song Chunxi. Its suspension is Lingjia, which began with Yuan Yanyou's resumption of the imperial examination.
Qian Mu's "The Complete Works of Mr. Qian Binsi" Volume 11 "Zhu Zi's New Study Case" Volume 1 "Zhu Zi Xue Outline" cloud:
Tang and Han Yue began to advocate Mencius, and in the Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi specially respected Mengzi and enshrined him in the Confucius Temple. At the same time, such as Li Jing's "Common Words" and Sima Guang's "Suspicious Meng", they are all as if Mencius was wantonly opposed. However, since the Song Dynasty and below, it has been called Confucius and Mencius, and the Confucianism of the Han and Tang Dynasties has been called Confucius of Zhou, which is very different. This was a major change in the Chinese Confucian tradition and in the entire history of academic thought, although this style began in Han Yu and actually became in Song Confucianism.
In the Song Dynasty, Mr. Yichuan first said "The Way of Confucius and Mencius", and Zhu Zi wrote the "Annotations on the Collection of Chapters and Sentences of the Four Books", and "Mencius" began to be upgraded from the book of the sub-department to the book of the scriptures; and in the Yuan Dynasty, Mencius was officially revered as the "sub-sage", and the so-called "Four Books" of "The University", "The Mean", "The Analects" and "Mencius", and Zhu Zi's "Annotations on the Four Books and Chapters and Sentences" Mr. Yi Chuan and Mr. Xian'an boasted that they were directly inherited from Mencius, and continued the Confucian Taoism, the so-called "Zhou Confucian Teaching" in Chinese culture, which gradually evolved into "Confucius and Mencius", which was also related to the decline of Xunzi's status after the Song and Yuan dynasties.
After the Song Dynasty, Confucius and Mencius also said, and Mr. Binsi said that "this is a great change in the Chinese Confucian tradition and the entire history of academic thought." By the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the Song Dynasty had declined and the Han Dynasty had flourished, and the status of Xunzi had also "risen and the boat rose", almost returning to the situation of Meng Xun and respecting before the Tang Dynasty. However, at the end of the Qing Dynasty, Mr. Tan Fusheng of Liuyang, Mr. Liang Zhuoru of Xinhui, and Mr. Ren and Mr. Xia Suiqing came out, influencing a large number of new people, while Xunzi encountered unprecedented stigma, and the "Tao of Confucius and Mencius" was also swept away.
Li Tao's "Continuation of Capital and Governance Tongjian Long Edition" volume 345 clouds:
Since the Spring and Autumn Period of this year, Meng Ke of Zou Guogong with food Wenxuan Wang, set up in the second time of Yanguo Gong, Xun Guo, Yangxiong, Han Yu to the world from the twenty-one sages, and the earl.
"History of the Song Dynasty" volume 42 "Li Zong Benji II" cloud:
Jia Chen, the edict said: "I only have the way of Confucius, since Meng Ke can not be passed on, until I go to Zhou Dunyi, Zhang Zai, Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi, really see the practice, deep exploration of the holy area, thousands of years of learning, there is a point." Since the rise of Zhongxing, Zhu Xi has been able to think clearly, and mix the inside and the outside, so that the books of "University", "Analect", "Meng" and "The Mean" are thorough and thorough, and the way of Confucius is beneficial to the world. Every time I look at the treatises of the five ministers, I have a lot of enlightenment, and now I see that there is a day of learning, and it makes the scholars list the servants to show the meaning of the award. ”
"History of the Ming Dynasty" Volume 50 "Lizhi IV" cloud:
Nine years of Jiajing,...... The ministers of the Ministry of Rites will discuss: "...... To the sages of worship, we must not fail to consider their gains and losses. ...... Gong Boliao, Qin Ran, Yan He, Xun Kuang, Dai Sheng, Liu Xiang, Jia Kui, Ma Rong, He Xiu, Wang Su, Wang Bi, Du Pre, Wu Cheng dismissed. ......" is as it is agreed.
Press: Confucian sages are worthy of enshrinement in the Confucian Temple, its establishment and increase and decrease, for the academic and political events of our country, Cheng Zhu faction of academics, since the Southern Song Dynasty gradually achieved the status of official respect, Mencius's status is respected because of it, and after nine years of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty, even in the Confucian Temple from the series of worship, there is no longer Xunzi's tablet.
《苏轼文集》卷四《荀卿论》云：
Xun Qingming is the king, recounting the etiquette, and Li Si is chaotic in the world with his learning, and his high-minded dissenting opinions are also stimulated.
Wang Xianqian's "Xunzi Collection Explanation Preface" cloud:
In the Tang Dynasty, Han Yushi took the "Book of Xunzi" as a "big alcohol and small flaw", arrested the Song Dynasty, attacked the people, pushed the reason, and used the evil reason for the words.
Note: Since the Song Dynasty, scholars' criticism of Xunzi has mainly been in his two articles "Sexual Evil" and "Non-Twelve Sons", pointing out that his theory of "sexual evil" has been lost, contrary to Mencius, and slandering Zizi Si and Mencius; The opinion of the former is represented by Mr. Cheng Yichuan of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the opinion of the latter is represented by Mr. Su Zizhan of the Northern Song Dynasty.
"Xunzi Sexual Evil" cloud:
Human nature is evil, and its good ones are hypocritical. The nature of today's people is born with good interests and obedience, so they are born to fight and give up to death, they are born to be sick and evil, they are obedient, so they are born to be faithful and perishable, they are born to have ears and eyes, they have a good voice and lust, and they are obedient, so fornication is born and etiquette, righteousness, literature and science are dead. However, according to human nature and people's feelings, they will be out of contention, and they will be in trouble and violence. Therefore, there will be the transformation of the teacher's law, the way of etiquette and righteousness, and then out of resignation, in line with the literature and science, and return to the rule. From this point of view, the evil nature of human beings is clear, and the good ones are hypocritical.
Therefore, the wolfwood will be treated with a barrage, a fire, and a straightened one; a dull gold will be treated with a strong and then a profit; the evil nature of this person will be treated by the teacher and then corrected, and the etiquette and righteousness will be cured, and the person of today will not be able to teach the law, then it will be dangerous and not righteous; if it is rude and righteous, it will be disobedient and not cured, and the ancient holy king will be evil in human nature, and he will be dangerous and not righteous, and he will be in chaos and not cured. Today's people are transformed into teachers, accumulate literature, and those who are courteous and righteous are gentlemen; From this point of view, the evil nature of human beings is clear, and the good ones are hypocritical
Youyun:
Those who are mortal are also in heaven, and they cannot learn or do things. Those who are righteous are born of saints, and those who can and do what people have learned and done. Those who cannot be learned, cannot be done in others, are said to be sexual, and those who can be learned and can be done in others are said to be false. It's sexuality and hypocrisy.
Yang Liang's "Note" cloud:
Pseudo, for also, correct, corrective its nature. Anything that is not natural and is acted by man is called "false". Therefore, the word "pseudo" "person" and "pong" are also meaningful.
《荀子・正名》云:
The reason why life is called sex. The sum of sexuality is born, the essence is inducted, and it is naturally called sex without doing anything. The good, evil, joy, anger, sorrow, and happiness of sex are called feelings. However, the heart chooses it, which is called worry, and the heart can move for it, which is called false. Considering the accumulation, being able to get used to it, and then becoming it, is called false. Positive and profitable things. Righteousness is what it does. Therefore, those who know are in others are called knowers. Knowing what is right is the wisdom of the word. Wisdom is so that those who can be in people are called capable. There can be something that can be said to be possible. Sexual injuries are called diseases. The festival is called the fate.
Press: "Xunzi" of the "Sexual Evil" chapter, saying "people's nature is evil, and its good ones are hypocritical", this phrase is widely criticized by Confucians after the Song Dynasty, but Xunzi's so-called "pseudo" is not the "pseudo" of truth and falsehood, just as its "correct name" chapter says, the so-called "heart can move for it" and "think about accumulation, can get used to it and then become", called "pseudo". Yang Liang's note "Xunzi" in the Tang Dynasty also thought that "everything that is not natural and people do it is called 'pseudo'". As for the rise of Sinology in the Qing Dynasty, Confucianism generally attached great importance to the exegesis of ancient books, so there were many people who refuted the theory of Song Confucianism and suppression of Xun based on exegesis.
"Siku Quanshu General Catalogue" volume 91 sub-section 1 Confucian class 1 "Xunzi" article cloud:
In addition, the book is mainly taught by Confucius in the Ming and Zhou dynasties, and he worships etiquette and persuades learning. Among them, the most honest ones are none other than "The Twelve Sons" and "Sexual Evil". Wang Yinglin's "Chronicles of Sleepy Learning" is quoted in "Han Poems Biography", Qing is not ten sons, and there is no Zi Si and Mencius, and this book is added by Li Si and others, I don't know that Zi Si and Mencius were later determined to be sage ears. As for its regard sex as evil and good as hypocrisy, honesty is not exempt from reason. However, Qing is afraid that people will be afraid of the goodness of nature, let nature and abandon learning, because words cannot be feared, and should be reluctant to teach the king. Therefore, he said: "Those who are mortal are also in the place of heaven, and they cannot be learned or done." Those who are righteous are born of saints, those who learn and can do things, and those who do things. Those who can't learn and can't do things in people are called sexuality, and those who can learn and can be done in people are called pseudo, and they are also sexually false. "It is very clear to distinguish between white and false characters. Yang Liang also said: "False, for also." Anything that is not natural and is done by man is called false. Therefore, the pseudo-word person is added next to it, and it will also mean the word. What he said was also in line with Qing's original intention. Later generations were ignorant of the precept and mistakenly thought that the truth was false, so they attacked in an uproar, saying that Qing despised etiquette and righteousness, as Lao Zhuang said. Yes or wrong is not only not seen in the whole book, that is, "Sexual Evil" is not finished reading except for the first two sentences of the article.
Youyun:
In all fairness, Qing's learning originated from Confucius, and among the sons, it was the closest to the right, and it was its strength; Han Yue's big and small flaws should be conclusive. The rest are also likes and dislikes.
Wang Xianqian's "Xunzi Collection Explanation Preface" cloud:
Confucianism in the national dynasty was prosperous, and the first list of Xunzi Confucianism in the "Summary of the Four Libraries" was established, and the words of good and dislike were rejected, and the friendship of the general discipline was clear, and the scholars knew and admired it.
Note: The Qing Dynasty earlier justified Xunzi's name and elevated its status, for the Qianlong Dynasty's "Four Libraries" librarians, who discussed Xun Qing and thought that Mr. Chang Li's "big mellow and small flaws" said that it should be conclusive, as for the criticism of Confucianism since the Song and Ming dynasties on Xun Qing's "sexual evil", the "Four Libraries" librarians are also based on the principle of Chinese literary exegesis, and refute the concept of Confucianism since the Song and Ming dynasties.
Qian Daxin's "Xunzi Note Interpretation" cloud:
Cover since Zhongni died, Confucianism to Meng, Xun as the most mellow, Taishi Gong listed the sons, only to Meng, Xun standard, Han retreat to Xun although there is a "big mellow small defects" ridicule, but its cloud "spit out the scriptures", "excellent into the holy area", then and Meng Shi and said no different words. Song Confucian's argument is only "Sexual Evil". It is foolish to say that Meng Yan is good, and he wants people to be good and is willing to do good; Xun Yan is evil, and he wants people to be good and is reluctant to be good; although his words are different, he teaches people to be good. Song Confucianism, although the main Meng, but must be divided into righteousness and temperament, and the two have taken both Meng and Xun, to teach people to change the temperament first, and secretly use Xunzi to say that sexuality. However, Xunzi's book can be recited with small flaws! The ancient book "fake" and "for" are connected, Xunzi said: "Human nature is evil, and its good ones are hypocritical." The word "pseudo" is the "for" of "as", not the "fake" of "fraud". Therefore, he also affirmed his righteousness: "Those who cannot learn and cannot do things are called the nature of others, and those who can learn and can be done are called false." "Yaodian" "Pingzhi Nanyi", "Historical Records" as "Nanwei", "Hanshu Wang Mang Biography" as "Nan Pseudo", this "pseudo" is the evidence of "for".
Qian Daxin's "Qianyantang Anthology" volume 27 "Baxunzi" cloud:
The thirty-two articles of "Xunzi" are the ones who are condemned by the world, but the one article of "Sexual Evil" has not achieved its purpose. Fu Mengzi said that he was good, and he wanted to be good and happy, and Xunzi said that he was evil, and he wanted to be good and good. Although the nature of speech is different, it teaches people to be good. When the world saw the first cloud of the article, "Human nature is evil, and its good ones are hypocritical", so they covered up the volume and criticized it, and it was too late to read the final chapter. Now try to read it calmly, Xunzi's so-called "pseudo" is only as the "for" of goodness, not the "pseudo" of sincerity and hypocrisy, so it is said that "it is not possible to learn, it cannot be done but it is called the nature of the person; it can be learned and can be done by the person, and the person who can learn and can do it is called the pseudo", the ancient book "pseudo" and "for" are connected, "Yaodian" is "Pingzhi Nanyi", "Historical Records" is "Nanwei", and "Hanshu Wang Mang Biography" is "Nan Pseudo", which is also evidenced. If you read "false" such as "for", then there is no contradiction in its statement. Those who are later speak are divided into the nature of righteousness and the nature of temperament, and the precept scholars take the change of temperament as the first. Gai has taken both the two meanings of Meng Xun, and those who change their temperament in the clouds are really secretly using Xunzi's sexuality, which is something that must be known.
According to the theory of Mr. Xiaozheng of the great Confucian of Qianjia, in clearly advocating the restoration of the evaluation of Confucianism before the Song Dynasty, "Mengzi and Xun are respected", thinking that Mencius's words are good and Xunzi's words are evil. I also think that Song Confucianism, although "respecting Meng and suppressing Xun", in fact, "has taken both Meng and Xun", as for Song Confucianism's teaching to "change temperament", in fact, it also "secretly uses Xunzi's theory of sexuality".
Mr. Xiaozheng is good at exegesis, so he discusses the book "Xunzi", thinking that the ancient book is "pseudo" and "for", so as to refute the theory of Song Confucianism and Xun.
Qian Daxin's "Ten Drivers Fasting and Raising New Records" Volume 18 of the "Queen of Law" Tiaoyun:
Xunzi said that "the queen of law", Wang Bohou slandered it, and foolishly thought that Wang's family did not seem to reach Xunzi's meaning. ...... When Fang is the time, Lao Zhuang's words prevailed, all of which were vainly entrusted to the three emperors, so they were specially called the queen kings, and they were absurd and ridiculous with needles, not that the three generations were not enough. ...... Later Confucianism is good for big words, not to worry about the current situation, and it is said that Jingtian and feudalism are feasible for future generations, and it is an excuse for the world lord to despise Confucianism, which is not as good as Xun Qing's "Queen of Law" saying that there is no harm, or it is not the original purpose of Xun Qing's words.
Note: The evaluation of Meng Xun by the ancient Confucian scholars is still related to the things of Meng's "Fa Xian Wang" and Xun's "Fa Hou Wang". Song Confucianism advocated the restoration of Jingtian feudalism, and often used Meng's "Faxian King" as an excuse, which was what Mr. Xiaozheng and many Qing Confucians at that time referred to as "good for big words, not for the current situation". As for Xunzi's "Queen of Law" statement, Mr. Xiaozheng also has a clear discernment, thinking that Xunzi's statement is "absurd and ridiculous" in the needle head old village, and "it is not that three generations are not enough to law".
Wang Xianqian's "Xunzi Collection Explanation Preface" cloud:
The rest is said to be sexually evil, which is not Xunzi's original intention. His words say, "Those who are straight without waiting for the wood will be straight, and the wolf wood will be straight, and the one who is straight, and then straight, will not be straight because of its nature." Today, human nature is evil, and it will be ruled by the holy king, and the righteousness will be transformed, and then it will all be ruled and will be in harmony with the good. "The husband makes Xunzi and does not know that human nature has good and evil, and he does not know that wood nature has wolf and straightness. However, if he said so, how could he really not know the evil of sex? Yu was so grateful that Xunzi had suffered a great turmoil in the world, and the people were grateful. Xunzi's theory of learning and governance, all of which are based on etiquette, repeatedly detailed, and made clear their interests, which are indispensable for the establishment of the ancient monastic teaching. It is said that it is not easy to learn, and it is not enough to be good at learning, and it is also said that a thing is disproportionate, and the end of chaos is also. Exploring the essence of the Holy Gate, the reason for the success or failure of the ancient and modern times, the discussion does not exceed a few seats, and the thoughts are boundless, the body has not tasted a day to add to the people, and the act is credible and permissible, and the people who carve the core are slanderous, and they cannot be compared with the Dao. Yu also thought that the sorrowful Xunzi technique was not used at that time, and the name was destroyed in the mouth of the laity in later generations.
Hao Yixing's "Xunzi Supplement" "Discussing Sun Qingshu with Wang Boshen (Citation) Shilang" cloud:
Reading Sun Qing's book close and happy, its learning is mellow, its text is like "Mencius", clear Xuanchang, slightly for the rich, beneficial people can not get out. It's quite strange that Han retreat is said to be a big alcohol and a small flaw, and he is willing to show it in detail. Pushing Han Yi, how can Meng Dao be good, Xun Dao evil; Meng Zun Wang is a lowly tyrant, and Xun every king is a tyrant, thinking that it is a flaw, and it is not a matter of knowing it. How can it be clear? Meng obeyed the precepts of the Confucian clan and did not understand the affairs of Huan Wen; Xun Jiao Meng's theory wanted to save the urgency of the times. The article "Wang Ba" is cut and cut in, refreshing people's hearts, if the six countries can use their words, there will be no disaster of violent Qin annexation. Because there is no king at the time, he will think of the hegemon, the meaning of Meng Xun, and it will be one ear. As for sexual malignancy, it is not interesting. Although sex is good, it cannot be abolished; sex is evil, and it must be faked. "For" and "pseudo" are the same ancient characters, and its cloud is "the nature of people is evil, and its good ones are false", and "pseudo" is "for" the ear. Meng Xun's sorrow is inconsistent, but his views are obsessed with one side. According to the holy word, "sexual similarity" means both good and evil, and "Xi Xiangyuan" is divided from learning and dyeing. Later Confucianism did not know this meaning and slandered each other in vain.
Xie Yong's "Xunzi Note Interpretation Preface" cloud:
After Xunzi gave birth to Mencius, he was the most Warring States teacher. Taishi Gong made a biography, and the ranking of the sons was only compared with Mencius and Xunqing. Yu Ruo Tantian, Carved Dragon, Burning Hub and Shenzi, Gongsun, Corpse, Mozi are only attached to Meng and Xun. Since the Qin and Han dynasties on the weekend, Meng and Xun have been called for a long time. The "Three Years of Questions" passed down by "Xiao Dai" are all out of the "Treatise on Etiquette", the "Le Ji" and "Township Drinking Righteousness" are all quoted from the "Essay on Etiquette", and the "Appointment of Righteousness" and "Zigong Asks Guiyu Cheap Min" are also the same as the "Virtue Chapter", and the "Three Books of Rites" passed on by "Da Dai" also publishes the "Treatise on Etiquette". "Persuasion Chapter" is the first article of "Xunzi", and at the end of "You Sitting", "see the big water" is attached, and "Mourning the Five Meanings" is the first of the "Mourning Chapter". It is known that Xunzi's writings are still contained in the second "Dai Ji", and the original book of "Xunzi" may be incomplete and scattered. Foolishly read the whole book, and know that Xunzi's learning is mellow and the text is broad. ...... Xunzi in the Warring States Period, not for the habit of lobbying, contempt for Su, Zhang Zhi vertical and horizontal, so the "National Policy" only contains the spring Shen Shi, the general purpose of persuading it to choose the virtuous and long, if you have seen the disaster of Li Yuan's thorny gate, and for the words of "the man is merciful to the king", then the first few philosophies are different from Zhu Ying's strategists. Therefore, if it is not used for Chunshen and ends with the Lanling Order, then its character is high, how can it be under Mencius? Gu is jealous of the politics of the world, and there is an article of "Sexual Evil", and Mencius's theory of sexual goodness is the opposite, so Song Confucianism is the attack. Mencius said that he was good, and he encouraged people to think that he was good and said this; Xunzi said that he was evil, and he said that people who were sick were evil. In other words, if Confucius is similar to each other, it is a biased theory: if it is evil, there is no supreme wisdom, and if it is good, there is no foolishness. Han Zi is also suspicious of its meaning, and it is the saying of the three products, the upper and lower products are covered with the purpose of unswerving, and the middle product regards Xi as a transfer, which is better than the words of the two sons. However, if Mencius is biased towards good, he will be based on its upstream, and if Xunzi is biased towards evil, he will tend to be downwind, and he will not realize that his words are also biased. However, when talking about the ancients, Confucius should be weighed, and if they are too late or not, teachers and businessmen are both great sages.
Wang Zhong's "Narrative and Supplement" of "Xun Qingzi's General Theory" cloud:
Xunzi's learning, from Confucius, and especially due to the scriptures. ...... Cover since the death of the seventy sons, the Han Dynasty Confucianism has not risen, the rebellion of the Warring States and the Qin Dynasty, and the transmission of the six arts is endless, Xun Qing also. Zhou Gong made it, Confucius said it, Xun Qing passed it on, and it was also one.
Note: Qing Dynasty Qianjia scholars, such as Mr. Yiwu, Xunjiu, Kuncheng, and Rongfu, are all "Meng Xun and respect", and their arguments are slightly the same as those of Mr. Xiaozheng.
Ling Tingkan's "School Hall Anthology" Volume 10 "Xun Qing's Ode and Preface" cloud:
Those who guard the way of saints are only the two sons of Meng and Xun. Mencius was long in "Poems" and "Books", among the seven articles, it is said to be widely cited. As for the "Book of Rites", it is said that "taste and hear it",...... Cover only the big end of the courtesy. If the book of Xunqing's family is also, those who are described are the Yiwen of the ceremony, and the one who is pushed is the essence of the ceremony. Therefore, Dai took it as a "record", and Zheng used it to interpret the scriptures, and the posthumous compilation is there, and it cannot be falsely accused. Fu Meng's words are benevolent, and they must be righteous, and Xun's words are benevolent, and they must be based on etiquette. Those who push the foundation of the ritual, such as the exemplary Yan of the Wheel of the Wheel, the rope of the Wheel of Ink, which is close to the purpose of sexual prostitution prevention on the Saint's Day, the origin of the prestige and destiny. However, the number of verses and texts is heavy, and those who follow it are difficult, then those who are Burmese are convenient; those who are good are fresh, and those who discuss them are many, so Xun's gradually declines, and the Tao of sex is the beginning of beauty in the void, and benevolence is an unknowable thing. Confucius's theory of benevolence has been reinstated, and said that incivility do not see, incivility do not listen, incivility do not speak, incivility do not move, Yan Yuan said: The master follows the good and seductive, Bo me with the text, about me with courtesy, but Xun's learning is not in the sage can be known, and the descendants respect Meng and suppress Xun, but it is not to put himself outside the etiquette?
Press: "Respect Meng and suppress Xun", there are already in ancient times, and today it is even more uncommon, so that the development is "respect Meng and anti-Xun", Mr. Zhongzi of the Qing Dynasty Qianjia era, advocated "Meng Xun and respect", and thought that if "respect Meng and suppress Xun", it will eventually lead to the serious consequences of "putting oneself outside the etiquette and law".
Yu Yue's "Bin Meng Collection" Volume 2 "Sex Talk" Cloud:
My theory of sexuality is not from Meng, but from Xun.
In the same book, Volume 4, "Taking the Scholars":
Or Xunzi's "Sexual Evil" is contrary to Mencius, and cannot be listed as a scripture, but Confucius talks about sex, but it is said that sex is similar, and there is no good and evil at the beginning. Mencius said that he was good, Xunzi said that he was evil, each had his own opinions, but in fact, they had different paths and ended up together, so Mencius said "Everyone can be Yao Shun", and Xunzi said "Tu people can be Yu." "Gai Xunzi's meaning, fear of people's indulgence and abandon learning, so the first part of his book is "Persuasion". Confucius said, "Those who are born to know are superior, those who learn and know are secondary, and those who are difficult to learn are secondary." "Most of the people in the world are middle and lower, but Xunzi suppresses sex and learns, which is why it is taught. Song Sushi said that Xunzi has a stubborn nature and Yao Shun pseudo also said, this time the examination of "Xunzi", there is no such text, the original book is there, you can check what you say, all are close to the point, and more ancient rites, pure Confucianism. Its "Monarchy Chapter" is ...... "Wang Ba Chapter" is ...... All coincide with Mencius's words, and Taishi Gong uses Meng Xun to pass on, which is really insightful. The book of "Mencius" is also among the sons, and then promoted to the scriptures, and now if the "Xunzi" is promoted to the scriptures, and "Mencius" is matched with the "Analects", and the school officials are established, and the first test of the township will be used, that is, the book of the two sages will be used to make the question and take the scholar, and it will be the conclusion of the ages. Song Yueke's "History of the Tree" Yun Yuan Youshi Imperial Pavilion Trial Theory, in the Nine Classics, the official history, Meng Xun and note the question, but the "Xunzi" book Song Shi fixed the question.
First, on the issue of good and evil in human nature, he tried not to follow Meng, but also said that Meng Xun had his own views on the good and evil of human nature, and that Meng Xun had his own views and ended up in different ways; second, he advocated restoring to the Confucian scholars before the Tang Dynasty, and upgraded "Xunzi" to a scripture.
《苏轼文集》卷四《荀卿论》云：
In the past, he often blamed Li Si for Xun Qing, and even burned his books, greatly changing the law of the ancient sage kings, and in the way of his teacher, it was like revenge. and now look at Xun Qing's book, and then know that the reason why Li Si is Qin is from Xun Qing, and it is not strange. Xun Qing, like to disagree and do not let it, dare to ignore it. His words are shocking to fools, and villains are happy. Zisi, Meng Ke, the so-called sages and gentlemen of the world. Xun Qing said: "Those who mess with the world, Zisi and Meng Ke also." "There are so many people in the world, and so many people are righteous and righteous. Xun Qing said: "Human nature is evil. 桀、纣,Sex also。 Yao, Shun, pseudo also. From the point of view, it means that he must be a person who is not inferior, and he promises to be too much. He who is Pyrrhis is especially eared. ...... His father kills and takes revenge, and his son will rob.
Press: Mr. Zizhan of the Song Dynasty thought that "the reason why Li Si did Qin was because of Xun Qing", and "his father killed people to take revenge, and his son will rob him", so because of Li Si's disaster to mess the world, and blame his teacher Xun Qing, this is from the perspective of later generations, I am afraid it is not a fair theory.
Su Shi's "Dongpo Zhilin" Volume 5 "Qin Abolition of Feudalism" cloud:
The theory of Zongyuan is out, and the theory of the sons is abolished, although the saint is resurrected, it cannot be easy. ...... The words of Li Si and the First Emperor, and the theory of Liu Zongyuan, should be the law of eternity.
Note: In the article "On Xun Qing", Mr. Zizhan said that Li Si "used his learning to disrupt the world"; in the article "The Abolition of Feudalism in Qin", he also said that Li Si's words "should be the law of eternity", so it can be seen that Mr. Zizhan's political arguments in those years were really self-contradictory.
"Xunzi Yibing" cloud:
Li Si asked Sun Qingzi and said: "Qin IV has a victory, a strong army in the sea, and a prestige of the princes, not for benevolence and righteousness, so as to engage." ”
Sun Qingzi said: "You don't know it, you are the convenience, the convenience is also inconvenient, and the so-called benevolence and righteousness are also the convenience." Those who are benevolent and righteous are also those who cultivate government, and those who cultivate politics are close to them, and they are happy with their kings, and they die lightly. Therefore, it is said: Whoever is in the army, will lead the last thing. Qin IV has a victory, and he is often afraid that one of the worlds will unite and crush himself, and this so-called soldier of the last days has no original system. Therefore, the release of the soup is not the time of its chase, and the punishment of the martial king is also not the victory of the Jiazi Dynasty, and the so-called benevolent and righteous soldiers are also. Today's woman does not seek it from the root, but asks for it at the end, and the reason why this world is chaotic is also. ”
Yao Nai's "Collected Works of Cherishing Xuan" Volume 1 "Li Si Treatise" cloud:
Su Zizhan said that "Li Si messes the world with Xun Qing's learning", which is not true. Qin's chaos in the world's law did not wait for Li Si, and Si did not try to learn from Qin.
In the middle of Qin, Xiaogong ascended the throne and was appointed by Shang Ying. Shang Yingjiao filial piety burnt "poems" and "books", clear decrees, set up a sitting, and forbade the people of the eunuchs. Because of the convenient terrain of Qin, he used his method to become rich and strong for several generations, annexed princes, and ended up with the first emperor. At the time of the first emperor, a business martingale was used to become a law, although Li Si helped, said that it was convenient, and it became a Qin chaos, but Li Si did not say what it was, and the first emperor did not get tired of it. Qin Zhi was willing to be mean and easy to be strict with the law for a long time, and he was also accustomed to being good in later generations.
Si rebelled to explore the heart of the first emperor and the second, but it was not enough to win the favor of the extravagant monarch Zhang Wu. It is to give up the learning of his teacher Xun Qing, and to learn for Shang Ying; sweep away the three generations of the first Wang Renzheng, and everything is taken from the wanton governance, burning "poems" and "books", banning bachelors, destroying the three generations of law and still supervising and reproaching, Si Fei does his learning, and tends to the times. If the value is not the first emperor and the second, the art of Si will not come out of this, not for benevolence, but also for the time.
Youyun:
And there are those who are taught for good, and those who are not taught for evil. Xun Qing recounted the ancestors of the king and praised the Confucian effect, although there were gains and losses, and generally had to govern the world. And the Su clan harmed the world with Li Si, and the crime was not far from Yu Qing, and it was not far away! Those who practiced their studies and harmed Qin were also Shang Ying, and those who gave up their studies and harmed Qin were also Li Si. In the Song Dynasty, Wang Jiefu used what he had learned in his life to build the new law of Xining, and then Zhang Dan, Zeng Bu, Zhang Shangying, and Cai Jingzhilun tried to learn from Jiefu's evil spirits, and used Jiefu's politics to promote the death of the Song Dynasty, which was quite similar to Li Si's affairs.
The learning of the man's magic is enough to kill the country, and it is solid. I am a man who is good at probing the hidden of his king, and a person who is good in the world with a change of promise, his person is especially terrifying!
Xie Yong's "Xunzi Note Interpretation Preface" cloud:
Looking at Li Si's question in the "Discussion of the Army", his words are benevolent and righteous in line with Confucius and Mencius, and he blames Li Si for not exploring his roots and finding the end, which cuts to the disadvantages of tyrannical Qin. It was Su who ridiculed him, and thought that "if his father kills someone, his son will rob him." However, Chen Xiangzhi obeyed Xu Xing, and Chen Liang was also to blame for this so-called "crime of wanting to add".
Ye Dehui's "Book of the Yuan" of "Six Books with Shaoyang Shidrunk" cloud:
In the world of the Warring States Period, Xun Meng also said that Xun Zhi was a Confucian person, and his books were also simple and profound, above the sons. Mencius has a very high level of knowledge, and his words are not without extremes, Xunzi used a word of sexual evil, and attracted the ridicule of Confucianism. ...... Xunzi thought that because of Li Si's extinction of learning, he was slandered by the Su family, and he was wronged! If the world is like Su's theory, then Ran will seek to benefit the Ji family, and will also judge Confucius's teaching for being bad.
Note: As for the Qianjia era of the Qing Dynasty, Mr. Ji Chuan thought that the person who practiced Qin Zheng was the study of Shang Ying, and Li Si gave up the learning of his teacher Xun Qing and the study of Shang Yang because of "trending time" and "flattering gentleman". I also thought that Xun Qing's learning, although "there are occasional gains and losses", but "describe the way of the ancestors and praise the effect of Confucianism", "can generally get the key to governing the world", and Mr. Zizhan of the Song Dynasty said that "Li Si used Xun Qing's learning to mess with the world", but in fact, it is not. Therefore, Mr. Ji Chuan clearly refuted Mr. Zizhan's argument and criticized him for "being good at probing the hidden of his king, and he is especially terrible if he is good at changing his life by changing his ways"; Mr. Kuncheng used the "Soldiers" chapter of "Xunzi" as evidence, saying that Xunzi refuted his disciple Li Si and accused him of "not exploring the root of the matter but seeking the end", which is "to the point of the disadvantages of tyrannical Qin", and Mr. Zizhan denigrated Xun Qing with "his father kills people, and his son will rob him", and this so-called "crime of wanting to add" is also. In the early Qing Dynasty, Mr. Yun Yuan's argument was based on Mencius's "Knowing People and Discussing the World", and referring to Mr. Zizhan's slander of Xun Qing, "Is there reason?"
The "Book" cloud of Lu Simian's "Jingzi Problem Solving":
It is better to act on what you see, and to use historical events to exert your own will, and future generations will also do it from time to time. For example, Su Shi blamed Xun Qing for Li Si's madness, saying that "his father killed people to take revenge, and his son will rob him." Is it really good to be a deep writer? Yao Nai's refutation, saying that "people are good at exploring the hidden of their kings, and those who are good in the world with twists and changes are especially terrifying", which means the same.
Note: Mr. Chengzhi of Modern Times agrees with Mr. Ji Chuan of the Qing Dynasty, thinking that Mr. Zizhan of the Song Dynasty on Li Si and Xun Qing is actually "a man with a heart disease", and uses historical events to exert his own meaning, which can be called the same essence as the so-called "insinuation historiography" popular in later generations.
The first volume of "The Complete Works of Cai Yuanpei" "Xun Qing's Treatise" cloud:
Su Ziwen's words, and its branches, can not be distinguished.
Note: Mr. Zizhan of the Song Dynasty slandered Xun Qing's words, and Mr. Xianmin thought that it was "a literary speech" and "no discernment" at an early age, but when he was in charge of the Ministry of Education and Peking University in Beijing at the beginning of the Republic of China, he abolished the reading of the Bible by primary and secondary school students, and in the name of "freedom of thought and eclecticism", he would slander Confucius, Meng, and Xun in vain, and he would be punished by Peking University, so that the disaster of the burning pit of Qin Zheng would be repeated decades later, and it would be a hundred times more fierce.
From the above quotation, it can be seen that Mr. Yichuan and others in the Song Dynasty criticized Xunzi's evil theory, and Mr. Zizhan of the Song Dynasty blamed Xun Qing for Li Si's troubles in the world.
Qian Daxin's "Qianyantang Anthology" volume 36 "With Qiu Caoxinshu" cloud:
The three generations of Tang Yu are all feudal worlds, and the people of the land, the Son of Heaven and the princes share it, the Son of Heaven is not very respectful, and the princes are not very humble,...... And to take the hunger and drowning of the husband and wife as his own trouble, he does not know that there is no joy in the world. ...... Since the Qin people abolished feudalism as a county, they took the world as the private property of the Son of Heaven, and tried their best to serve one person, changing the simple customs of the ancient times, and wanting to benefit the descendants for all generations. His heirs are not good, the heavens are angry and people are resentful, and the heroes are chaotic and take it.
Note: From the words of Mr. Qianjia Chao Xiaozheng of the Qing Dynasty, it can be seen that his attitude of opposing the Qin government and respecting Xunxue is very clear. This is also the same as that of Mr. Yao Jichuan.
Liang Qichao's "Ice Room Collection" Volume 1 "Wuxu Change" "Tan Si Tong Biography" cloud:
Those who need to be in Jinling for a year, close their homes and study with their hearts, explore the essence of Confucius and Buddha, understand the heart of the group of philosophers, and derive the purpose of the South China Sea, and become the book of "Renxue".
Tan Sitong's "Renxue" volume 29 clouds:
Kong's misfortune is not the only thing. Although Confucius was based on the chaotic world, he dethroned the ancient school, changed the current system, and used the pretext to convey the meaning of Shengping and Taiping, and did not fail to pay tribute. Today, the first view of the chaos is not enough to exhaust Confucianism. Moreover, his learning is passed on to the end, and he is the one who is very shallow. Confucius Xueyan is divided into two major branches: one is that Zengzi passed on his thoughts to Mencius, and Mengzi preached the principle of democracy in order to achieve the ambition of Confucius; and the other was from Zixia to Tianzifang to Zhuangzi, and Zhuang so denigrated the monarch, since Yao Shun and above, Mo or exempt. Unfortunately, these two branches will never be passed on, Xun is the name of the hole, in order to defeat the way of the hole, said "the queen of the law, respect the monarch", to tilt Confucius to learn also; He also likes to talk about etiquette and political punishment, but he is afraid that the tools of restraint and restraint are not complicated. It was passed on to Li Si, and its disaster was also violent in the world. However, it is also for learning, and in the art of the inferior, and it is easy to be rich and noble, and the heart of pleasing is flattering, servile, and unharmed by the courtiers, but it is called "loyalty" in the name of the abuser;
Thirty clouds in the same book:
At the beginning of Fang Kong, he also established religion, deposed ancient learning, changed the modern system, abolished the monarchy, advocated democracy, and changed inequality into equality. How can he be said to be a Xun scholar, but he has lost his essence, and his rough traces are mudded, but the monarch has great unlimited power, so that he can hold a Confucian religion hostage to control the world! Moreover, according to the troubled times, the words are often not in the sky, which is already partial and incomplete, and its accumulated disadvantages will not be counted; moreover, it will be vainly beneficial to the three outlines, the law of creating inequality, and the people who suffer from the father and the mother of heaven and earth. ...... Since it has been 2,000 years, the monarch and the ministers have been in a hurry, especially dark and blocked, and there is no reason for people to recover. ...... It is better to burn "poems" and "books" with the head of foolish Qian, it is better to use "poems" and "books" to foolish the head of Qian, and win the government is still dull! He gave the monarch power for Xun Xue, and the head of foolish Qian died, although ten thousand were killed, how could he redeem the Gu of selling Confucius! Confucius was sold, how should the spirit of heaven be too bitterly hated, and how should those who are Confucian disciples be too bitterly hated, and how should they not sweep away the clear of it?
Youyun:
The death of Confucianism, the death of the monarch and the pseudo-scholar of the monarchy, there is no one who has recovered, I wish Confucianism a Lude.
Press: The late Qing Dynasty modern writers, good to the scriptures and political theories, Mr. Fusheng by the influence of Mr. Nanhai, also long in this way, his words Xun Qing's learning in Qin Xiang Li Si, so as to provoke the tyranny of Qin, and the Song Dynasty Mr. Zizhan is slightly the same, if you look at it with academic theory, it is inevitable to be biased, but Mr. Fusheng talked about Xun Qing in his private letters, and his words are more fair.
"Renxue" volume 31 clouds:
The monarchy was prosperous and Tang Yu had no observable government, and Confucianism died and there was no book to read for three generations. If the jade inspection in the district is compiled by Chen, and the fire is gathered in the rubble, in the hope that if there is a Confucian person, then Huanglizhou's "Ming Yi to be visited" is almost the same? Huang came out of the king of Lu, and the king of Lu will be like Zhangzhuang; the king came out of Zhou Zhang, and Zhou Zhang also embellished the fall of Meng, and there were one or two people who heard about Confucius, which was not accidental. Ruofu and Huang Wang are the same, but the name is the opposite, and the one who gains and loses is Gu Yanwu. Gu is out of Cheng Zhu, then Xun Xue's Yunren is also, the monarch is just a rule, how can it be scolded!
Press: Mr. Fusheng's words and learning, focusing on Mr. Lizhou in the early Qing Dynasty, also known as "Huang out of Lu Wang", but it is just taken out of context. The study of King Lu, the end of the school is in mad Zen, and Mr. Qishan, Lizhou, etc., who have learned from the king's family, already know its drawbacks, and Mr. Fusheng's so-called "breaking the snare" is more than the "bare hands binding the dragon and snake" of the last school of the king of Mingji. As for the new school of people who have risen after Mr. Fusheng, they have "sublimated by following their own things, and intensified their efforts by changing their roots".
The mainstream of Qing learning, this step Wu Tinglin, respect Cheng Zhu and row Lu Wang, but the Qing Ji of the resurrection of Mr., then flaunt a different banner, its Confucianism, then respect Meng anti-Xun, its Song Ming Confucianism, then respect Lu Wang anti-Cheng Zhu, its early Qing Dynasty Confucianism, then respect Huang and look back, and respect Huang and look back, and respect Meng and anti-Xun, its essence is the same.
Tan Sitong "To the Tang Dynasty Fuchen Book" cloud:
There are hundreds of schools of husbands and sons, and there are those who are not compatible with each other, and there are also those who are different from each other, so they should just take it from the good. After Xun Qing gave birth to Mencius, he advocated the law and respected the monarchy, and opposed Mencius's democratic theory, and the heirs also tried to denounce it as a hometown wish. However, when Xun Qing studied heaven and man, many of them had not been sent before, and the top could make up for Mencius's que, and the bottom could be derived as one of Wang Zhongren's factions, which was not it?
Youyun:
Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty, advocating the heresy of respecting the people and being inferior, should be punished. Ran Han Yu ...... How can you hide his great virtue with a blink of eye? And it will be fair on a different day.
Note: Mr. Fusheng said to his friends, and there are probably not many people who know about it, but his book "Renxue" has a great influence on the surging trend of modern Chinese anti-traditional thought. The so-called "equalization of the theory on a different day" is beyond words because of the change of his death, and the rhetoric of those who rise after Mr. Fusheng is even more intense, which is far from being equal.
Liang Qichao's "Collected Works of the Ice Drinking Room" 12th "On the Reformation of China" cloud:
From this point of view, the politics of the two thousand years are all from Xunzi, and the so-called academics are not only from the two major schools of Sinology and Song Studies, but they are all from Xunzi, but in the past 2,000 years, it can only be called the world of Xunxue, not the world of Confucius.
Liang Qichao's "Introduction to Qing Dynasty Academics" Chapter 25 Cloud:
Qichao is called the study of Confucius, and later evolved into Mencius and Xunqing, Xun Chuan Xiaokang, Meng Chuan Datong. The scholars of the Han Dynasty, regardless of whether they were the current writers and ancient writers, were all from Xunqing (Wang Zhong said). In the past 2,000 years, the sects have changed repeatedly, all of them have circled under the elbow of Xunxue, Meng Xue has become extinct, and Confucius has also declined. Therefore, he took Xun Shen Meng as the banner, and quoted the "Mencius" to condemn the "people thief", "only husband", "good at war and punishment", and "grant land and production". Qichao repeatedly traveled to Beijing, and gradually became a doctor in the world, and his most suitable friends in lectures were Xia Zengyou and Tan Sitong. Zeng Youfang ruled Gong and Liu Jin's literature, and every time he issued a righteousness, he looked at each other irreversibly. Later, Qichao died in Japan, and Zeng You gave him a poem, which said: "...... The Dark Lanling (Xunqing) Gate, ten thousand ghosts are like ants, the quality is more (devils) raise one hand, and Yang Wu dies. Dressed in violence, a blow like a pig, drunk and tossed the glass, and looked at each other with a smile. It is quite said that the universe is together, and it is enough to rejoice. ......" can be imagined as the "Pai Xun" movement of the other generation at that time, and there is really a vigorous scene. He is the same as Fang Zhi's study of the king's husband, likes to talk about fame, economy, and Jiaoqichao, and also speaks of Datong, and the movement is particularly fierce. And Qichao's learning was also greatly influenced by Xia and Tan.
"Introduction to Qing Dynasty Academics" Chapter 27 Cloud:
With regard to Chinese history, the next general criticism said: "The politics of the past 2,000 years, the Qin government, are all great thieves; the 2,000-year-old learning, Xun Xue, are all the wishes of the country; only the thieves use the wishes of the villagers, and the villagers are willing to flatter the thieves." At that time, the arguments of the Tan, Liang, and Xia factions were based on this, and the heirs were particularly brave, and the so-called "Renxue" broke the net, and the whole book is also.
Liang Qichao's "Ice Room Anthology" on the 44th of "The Dead Friend Mr. Xia Suiqing" cloud:
The Sinology done by Qing Confucianism proclaimed itself "Xunxue". We want to bring down Sinology, which monopolized the academic circles at that time, and use the method of "capturing thieves and capturing kings" to beat their ancestor Xunzi. Do you want to defeat it or not?
Note: In the last quarter of the Qing Dynasty, the so-called "respect for Meng and anti-Xun" remarks, although known as the "Xun Movement", were actually just the "actions of the three or five scholars", and in the early years of the Republic of China, it became a trend, and the fake became true, and then endangered Confucius. The words of Mr. Suiqing and Mr. Fusheng had a huge impact on Mr. Zhuo Ru, and Mr. Zhuo Ru later became the bull's ear in the speech world at that time, and its effect can naturally be known.
Kang Youwei's "Wanmu Caotang Oral Sayings" cloud:
Mencius is clever, pointing directly to the heart, is to respect virtue, Lu and Wang are close to it; Xunzi is submerged, is Taoism, Zhu Zi is close to it.
Youyun:
After Confucius, Meng and Xun are very similar to Zhu and Lu, Xun is like Zhu, and Meng is like Lu.
Kang Youwei's "Guixue Q&A" cloud:
There are two major branches of Confucius: one is Mencius, and people do not read "Mencius", but they don't know that it is the main biography of "Ram"; The righteousness of "Mencius" is all in line with "The Ram". "Grain Beam" was passed on by Shen Gong from Xun Qing, and its meaning is also incompatible. Therefore, you should read "Mencius" and "Xunzi". No one reads Mencius, but it is read differently today. Taishi Gong is the same as Mencius and Xunzi, also known as Mencius and Xunqing's disciples. Since before the Tang Dynasty, there are no two sons and sons. Since Chang Li suppressed it, the Song people used Xunzi's words to be evil, but they knew that Xun suppressed and respected Meng alone. However, Song Confucianism changed the temperament of the character, that is, Xunzi's saying, how can it be secretly used and revealed? Gai Mencius is more important than the heart, Xunzi is more important than learning, Mencius is close to Lu, Xunzi is close to Zhu, and Shengxue has these two schools, and they cannot be abandoned. And the group scriptures are mostly passed on from Xunzi, and their merits are particularly great. It is also the group of scriptures that are all focused on Zhuzi and stand in the scholars. The two sons, the gate of Confucius. Those who give up the door and seek to see Confucius cannot get it. The two sons should read together, seek their righteousness, and divide them into sections.
Press: Mr. Nanhai's discussion of Confucianism, thinking that Zhu is like Xun, and Lu is like Meng, Mencius respects morality, Xunzi Taoism, Xun should respect it, Zhu and Lu should also respect it, "the group of scriptures is mostly passed on from Xunzi, and its merit is particularly great", and I think that although Song Confucianism respects Meng and suppresses Xun on the surface, but his words change the temperament of the nature, it is actually a secret use of Xunzi's theory, Liang and Tan are contrary to the teacher's words, respect Meng and oppose Xun.
Chapter 2 of "Introduction to Qing Dynasty Scholarship":
Kang Youwei is a comprehensive collection of all the families said, strictly delineating the distinction between modern and ancient texts, saying that all the ancient texts and scriptures that came out in the late Eastern Han Dynasty were forged by Liu Xin. Xu and Zheng, who are most respected by the orthodox faction, are all attacked. The so-called retro ones were restored from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Western Han Dynasty. Youwei Youzong's "Ram" set up "Confucius Reform", saying that the "Six Classics" were all written by Confucius, and Yao Shun was all based on Confucius, and the sons of the pre-Qin Dynasty did not "reform the ancient system". It's a bold statement,...... Youwei and Qichao both held the concept of "application" during the enlightenment period, and used scriptures to decorate their political theories, which quite lost the original intention of "governing scriptures for the sake of scriptures", so their careers were not prosperous, and they became the guide for the input of Western thought.
"Lu Simian's Essay on Learning" contains the article "From Zhang Taiyan to Kang Changsu Liang Rengong":
Kang Changsu is actually not a scholar, he just uses his intention to say, and uses the scriptures as evidence, such as Lu Zijing's so-called "six classics are my footnotes". His famous works are "Confucius Reform Examination" and "Xinxue Pseudo-scripture Examination". ...... These two books have had a great impact on the academic community, but from the standpoint of classics, their books are really inadequate.
The self-preface of Qian Mu's "Annals of Liu Xiangxin and Son":
The main scholar of literature and scriptures, the rate of the "Six Classics" from the Confucian family, the Qin fire is not broken, the fourteen doctors of the Western Han Dynasty all have teachers, the Tao is the same wind, and the will of the sage. None of these three can be sustained. However, scholars of the scriptures must still believe in the present text, doubting the ancient text, then the ancient text is to stand from Liu Xin, and implement it from Wang Mang. Nanhai Kang's "Xinxue Pseudo-scripture Examination" holds that it is the most prepared, and the rest of the details are false. To put it bluntly, there are eight out of twenty that cannot be passed.
Chapter 14 of Qian Mu's Academic History of China in the Past 300 Years:
If Kang and Liao Zhizhi have a view of the scriptures, they all see it first, and then disturb the group of books to me, which is tantamount to "the six classics are my footnotes", which can be described as the king of land in the study of evidence, and the research is in a desperate situation, and has to fall to the ground and do its best.
The thirtieth seal of the third volume of "Yan Fuji" "Book with Xiong Chunru":
Since the First Sino-Japanese War and Wuxu, there have been many changes in our country. And those who are regarded as mentors at home and think that they tend to be standard are the first Qu Kang and Liang junior disciples. If you look at it as a blessing, you will think it will be a blessing, and if you look at it as a servant, you will think it will be the culprit.
Press: Mr. Nanhai of the Qing Dynasty, although he did not "use Meng to oppose Xun", but his two books "New Apocryphal Scripture Examination" and "Confucius Reform Examination" are actually "anti-ancient (Wenjingxue) with the present (Wenjingxue)", "borrowing scriptures to decorate his political arguments with literature" Also, Mr. Chengzhi and Mr. Binsi in modern times both refer to Lu Zijing's ""Six Classics" are my footnotes", "can be described as the king of Lu in the study of the scriptures", rather than the real governance of the scriptures, so although it is advertised, if the choice of techniques is not careful, it will affect the disciples, and spread to all sentient beings, and eventually cause chaos in the world.
"Xia Zengyou's Collection" contains the article "On the Relationship between the Eight Strands of Survival and Death":
Mencius is good, Xunzi is evil, Mencius is called Yao Shun, Xunzi is the queen of the law, Mencius on Confucius, the book is based on the "Spring and Autumn Period", Xunzi Yan Confucius, the book is based on the "Rites", this is the big end. If it is small, it will be even more difficult to end. Mencius did not, Gongsun Chou, and the disciples of Wanzhang did not restrain the load, and their ways were not preached. Although Xunzi's body is useless, his disciples Han Fei and Li Si are greatly displayed in Qin. The politics of the Qin people, a case of non-Si, because of which the Han people have today. The six classics of the Han Dynasty are passed on by Xunzi, and the teachers who pass on the scriptures, and Dr. Qin, their learning must be Xunzi's learning. Therefore, the pre-Qin and Han dynasties were both the scholars of Lanling, not the sons of Confucius.
Note: Mr. Fusheng's theory is the same as Mr. Suiqing, or it is not known whether it is derived from Mr. Suiqing.
"Wu Yu Wenlu" volume "Shu Xunzi Shuhou" cloud:
The legacy of Confucianism was passed down in later generations, and Xun Qing's power was the majority; the legacy of Confucianism was also the great sin of Xun Qing in later generations.
Youyun:
However, the autocratic situation of our country, the first emperor became it, Li Si helped it, Xun Qing enlightened it, and Confucius taught it. ......
Han Huizhi said: "Xunzi is mellow and small, and it is rare to return to it, and it is different from Kong's." Su Zizhan said: "Xun Qing likes to disagree and refuses to let it, and dares to ignore it for high opinions, and then knows that the reason why Li Si is doing Qin is because of Xun Qing." Therefore, from the words of Han and Su, knowing that Xunxue is attributed to Confucius, and the origin of the Qin system is from Xun, then the evolution of politics and religion, academics, legal codes, and rituals in our country can be deduced from its gains and losses.
He also quoted Xia Zengyou's words:
Li Siben Confucius's autocratic law, Xun Qing's sexual evil purpose, died with five punishments, yellow dog east gate, father and son cried, for the eternal sorrow, all Xun Qing to hold the favor of the lifelong art of not tired of the treasure of the minister.
"The Complete Works of Li Dazhao" Volume 1 "Minyi and Politics" cloud:
Cover has its own decline of Zhou, the violent Qin heel, with the technique of Shang Yang and Li Si, burning books and pit Confucianism, selling troops and casting irons, falling into famous cities, migrating heroes, and the misfortune of the people, extremely at this time. Hanxing, more inherited, specializing in Confucianism, set in one. For the benefit of the selfishness of a surname, he did not mention the source of a group of wise and courageous arguments, and lost his invisibility. This is because there is no academic in China, and there is Li Si's learning, and there is no politics in China, and there is also the government of Qin. Learn to create a township wish, the government is a livestock thief, the thief and the township wish to be embarrassed, deeply entangled, and the people's lives are unbearable.
The second volume of the same book, "Hometown Wishes and Thieves":
A history of China is a record of the combination of nostalgia and thieves. A thief cannot be an emperor if he does not combine with the wishes of the country, and a thief cannot become a saint if he does not combine with the wishes of the villagers. That's why I say that the true emperor is the representative of the thief, and the saint is the representative of the country's wishes. Until now, the souls of those emperors and saints, the ghosts who have restored Zunkong, needless to mention, are these domineering warriors, boring politicians, who are not the embodiment of thieves and hometowns!
Press: At the beginning of the Republic of China, Mr. Youling denigrated Xunqing and Confucianism, and cited Mr. Zizhan of the Song Dynasty to support it, and Mr. Shouchang's so-called "hometown wish and thief" theory repeated the words of Mr. Fusheng, Suiqing, and Youling, which had a great impact.
The article "Xunzi's Political Theory" of "Wu Yuwen Continuation":
Xunzi advocates the use of both ritual and punishment, teaching and then punishing, analyzing the wish to prohibit the fierce, and preferring to be indiscriminate, so it does not lose the Confucian manner. From the Han Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, the clan is not abolished, and from the Wei to the Sui Dynasty, the competition is for the gate valve. And Xunzi opposes the crime of judging by the clan, which not only affirms the righteousness of the sinner, but also attacks the virtuous in the world, which is especially in line with the purpose of ridiculing Shiqing in the Spring and Autumn Period. The punishment of the nine tribes and the ten tribes, the history is always seen, and then the knowledge of Xunzi is known, and the Confucian sons are more deeply regretted that the future generations have been annihilated for a long time, and they have not been able to commend it.
Note: At the beginning of the Republic of China, Mr. Youling's words of denigration of Xun Qing were contained in his political essays, and the words of commending Xun Qing were contained in his essays on learning. Commend Xun Qing's words, thinking that "Xunzi's knowledge, more Confucian sons", but at that time and later generations, there are probably very few people who know it, and his slander of Kong Xun's words has a very bad impact.
"Renxue" self-preface:
The snares are numerous, and the void is endless. At the beginning, we should break through the snares of profit, then we should break through the snares of secular studies and words, then we should break through the snares of global group studies, then we should break through the snares of the monarch, then we should break through the snares of morality, then we should break through the snares of the heavens, then we should break through the snares of the global group of teachings, and finally we will break through the snares of Buddhism. However, if you can really break through, you will have no snare, and if you really have no snare, you can say that you can break through. Therefore, those who break through the snare have not tried to break the snare. The cycle is unprovoked, the road is one, and all those who recite my book can be led in the second language.
"Renxue" volume 47 clouds:
The rule of the earth is also to have a world and no country. ...... If everyone can be free, he will be a people without a country, and if there is no country, he will be territorialized, wars will be settled, suspicion will be abandoned, power will be abandoned, and he will die and be equal; If the monarch is abolished, the noble and the lowly will be equal, and if the axiom is clear, the rich and the poor will be equal. Thousands of miles, one family. Regard their family as their opponents, and regard them as their compatriots. The father has no use for his kindness, the son has no use for his filial piety, the brother forgets his friendship, and the husband and wife forget his advocacy. If the book "One Hundred Years of Sleep" is like the image of "Rites and Fortunes".
Chapter 13 of Qian Mu's Academic History of China in the Past 300 Years:
However, after the resurrection, the so-called trend of thinking that broke through the snare has evolved endlessly. In the Xinhai Revolution, the monarch and the minister were finally destroyed, and the voices of equality and freedom were rising day by day. All the directions of "Renxue" and "Datongshu" were performed one by one, and at that time, there were those who shouted out as radical critics of resistance. What is the name of his book? Kang Changsu's "Unbearable Magazine" is.
Note: The so-called "breaking through the snare" is the core concept of the book "Renxue", and it is also the fundamental theme of the ideological, social, and even political revolution in the 20th century. Mr. Ling Zhongzi in the Qianjia period had foreseen this, thinking that "respecting Meng and suppressing Xun" would have the serious consequences of "putting oneself outside the etiquette and law". In the 20th century, countless young people in revolutionary literature flocked to it, and every time Mr. Fusheng "broke through the snare" and encouraged themselves, they even went to the flames and repented of their deaths. In particular, by influencing his fellow villagers in Hunan, he will change the whole of China.
If Mr. Bingsi said, those who took the lead in opposing the so-called "breaking the snare" of the Liuyang Tan clan were the "initiators" of Nanhai Kang's, and those who opened the so-called "Pandora's box" were frightened by the escapees.
The first volume of "Yan Fuji" "Yuan Qiang" cloud:
Xun Qingzi said: "The reason why people are different from beasts is because of their ability to be a group." "All the people live and nurture each other, and it is easy to do things, so that the things of military punishment and ritual pleasure are all born from the nature of the group.
"Zhang Taiyan's Lectures on Chinese Studies" contains the article "Zhuzi Brief Explanation":
If we talk about the political scale, Xunzi is higher than Mencius.
Zhong Tai's History of Chinese Philosophy, Chapter 11:
Since Confucius did not have Confucianism and Confucianism was scattered, those who could revitalize their industry were only Mencius in front and Xunzi in the back. Although the words are different, they are the same as the legends of saints.
Qian Mu's "General Principles of Chinese Academics" contains the article "General Theory of Academics and Teachers":
Xunzi is in the art of learning, but it is more desirable.
Li Yuancheng's "Introduction to the Princes" of "Xunzi" cloud:
In the world of the Warring States Period, Meng and Xun were Confucian giants, obeying Confucius, emphasizing his words, and learning from Confucius.
Press: The so-called "although the false name is in the flow of the times, the scholars who have not forgotten the theory" (from the "beginning" article of Gu Yanwu's "Rizhilu" volume 13), the new trend of thought of the times in the early Republic of China, although Xunzi was depreciated, but the erudite interrogators, prudent and discerning people, did not follow the tide and tend to the times.
As mentioned above, the anti-Qin politics of Chinese scholars has lasted for more than 2,000 years since the beginning of the Han Dynasty, and it did not begin at the end of the Qing Dynasty, and it is almost the public opinion of Confucian scholars and doctors. Since the Song and Yuan dynasties, the status of Xunzi has declined, the status of Mencius has improved, and the Confucians have respected Mencius's "goodness" and opposed Xunzi's "evil nature". Since Song Confucianism, those who "respect Meng and suppress Xun" have also secretly used Xunzi's "change temperament". Mr. Su Zizhan's excessive disparagement of Xunzi's views has also been criticized by many Confucians in later generations. However, in the more than 100 years since the Qing Dynasty, although Mr. Tan Fusheng's criticism of Xunzi was more intense than that of Mr. Su Zizhan in the Song Dynasty, it was strongly sought after by a large number of new scholars.
Since the Tang and Song dynasties, the ideological tendency of "respecting Meng and suppressing Xun" has gradually accumulated, and in the Qing Dynasty, this ideological tendency has been curbed, and the ideological tendency of "respecting Meng Xun and Xun" has gradually recovered. However, in the Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, the ideological tendency of "respecting Meng and suppressing Xun" tended to be extreme, and developed to "use Meng to oppose Xun" and "to be benevolent against courtesy", which Mr. Tan Fusheng said in the book "Renxue", which is a very representative remark. The arguments of Mr. Qian Xiaozheng and Mr. Yao Jichuan cited above are anti-Qin politics and respect for Xunxue, while Mr. Tan Fusheng and his followers are juxtaposed for anti-Qin politics and anti-Xunxue.
In recent times, the fierce criticism of Confucian academic thought by the new school has to a large extent led to the internal criticism of the original Confucian academic ideology, such as "anti-ancient (Wenjingxue) with the present (Wenjingxue)", "anti-etiquette with benevolence", "anti-Xun with Meng" and "anti-Cheng Zhu with King Lu", which are the focus of internal criticism of Confucianism, and the three junior brothers Kang, Liang, and Tan, together with Mr. Xia Suiqing and Wu Youling, are important turning figures in the implementation of this criticism. The Huaining Chen family, the Jixi Hu family and the Huiji Zhou family who followed have been "Meng Xun and rebelled", and then "overthrew the Confucian family", completely "putting themselves outside the etiquette law".
In the book "Renxue", Mr. Tan Fusheng fiercely criticized Xunzi, but still regarded himself as the orthodoxy of Confucius, tried his best to maintain the status of Confucius and Mencius, and at the same time, in his private letters, he could also affirm some of Xunzi's achievements The traditional Confucian academic ideological system has been on the verge of collapse in the early Republic of China, and this is a major turning point in Chinese academic thought after more than 2,000 years in the Qin and Han dynasties.
It was painted in Nanjing from November 2015 to March 2024
![Since the beginning of the 21st century, Wu Yanni has occupied 5 of the top 10 results in the Chinese women's 100-meter hurdles, and Wu Shuijiao, who ranked first, was later banned for using the doping drug "exogenous noroandrosterone"4[fig]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=)