A few days ago, the China Academy of Urban Planning and Design released the "2023 China Urban Prosperity and Vitality Assessment Report".
Cities reflect the trend of China's economy and the changes in the social pattern.
Here, Asset Insights excerpts from the report's key points for readers' reference.
Negative growth + high flow
The core point of the "2023 China Urban Prosperity and Vitality Assessment Report" of the Chinese Academy of Planning and Planning is "urban prosperity and vitality".
So, how to judge the "vitality of urban prosperity"?
The observation point of the Central Academy of Planning is: people.
According to the Chinese Academy of Planning and Planning, one of the fundamental issues facing the future development of China's cities is the demographic challenge.
First, China has experienced negative population growth.
At the end of 2022, the total population of the country was 1.411 billion, a decrease of 850,000 from the end of 2021, and the natural growth rate of the population decreased to -0.6‰, which was the first negative population growth in the mainland since 1961.
Second, the scale of population movements is enormous.
As China's urbanization accelerates, population mobility continues to increase. (376 million, 27% of the country's total population). 20~34 years old is the age group with the highest proportion of household separation, and the number of people separated from households is nearly 120 million, an increase of 13 percentage points compared with 2010.
Coupled with the superposition of aging and declining birthrate, the competition for labor in today's cities has become an important aspect of urban vitality.
From the perspective of permanent population increase, in 2021~2022, 49 of the 102 large cities in the country will have negative population growth, and the total population of megacities and type II cities will decrease by 0.07% and 0.12% respectively.
From the perspective of population growth trends, among the 41 sample cities, only Jinan and Hohhot have a slight increase in the average annual increase of permanent population in the past three years in 2022, while the rest have decreased to varying degrees, and the growth of permanent population in large cities has slowed down overall.
Annual change of China's total population in 1962~2022 (10,000 people) (2023 China Urban Prosperity and Vitality Assessment Report, Chinese Academy of Planning and Planning)
36 Cities of Indicators
So, how can we observe the "vitality of urban prosperity" in terms of people?
The way of the Central Planning Institute is to divide it into: two parts, three indicators.
Two parts –
Resident and foreign populations.
Three indicators –
It is reflected in the permanent population, which is called: the basic vitality of the city;
The foreign business population and the foreign leisure population are called: functional vitality;
Basic vitality plus functional vitality is called: comprehensive vitality.
The Chinese Academy of Planning and Planning selected 36 cities across the country to carry out the study.
Including-
10 megacities:
Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen, Chongqing, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Tianjin, Hangzhou, Wuhan, Dongguan.
13 megacities:
Xi'an, Nanjing, Shenyang, Qingdao, Changsha, Jinan, Zhengzhou, Kunming, Harbin, Dalian, Hefei, Foshan, Suzhou.
13 Type I Cities:
Nanning City, Shijiazhuang City, Xiamen City, Taiyuan City, Guiyang City, Urumqi City, Ningbo City, Fuzhou City, Changchun City, Nanchang City, Lanzhou City, Changzhou City, Wuxi City.
4 Type II Cities:
Hohhot, Haikou, Xining, Yinchuan.
1 small and medium-sized city:
Lhasa.
Comprehensive vitality: Wuhan first
Through research and comparison, the Chinese Academy of Planning and Planning found that Wuhan ranked first in 2022 and again in 2023 after ranking first in terms of comprehensive urban vitality.
Research shows that—
"The overall vitality of cities in East China and Central China has been enhanced. Except for Nanjing and Nanchang, the comprehensive vitality ranking of 11 cities remained the same or increased compared with last year. Wuhan continued to rank first, Shanghai and Hangzhou rose to 2nd and 4th, Ningbo rose to 9th, and Changsha, Zhengzhou, Hefei, Qingdao, Jinan, Xiamen and Fuzhou were among the top 20. ”
"The comprehensive vitality of cities in South China and Southwest China has weakened. Chengdu, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen slipped to 6th, 7th, and 10th respectively, and other cities, except for Chongqing and Haikou, also declined to varying degrees. ”
"The comprehensive vitality of cities in North China, Northeast China and Northwest China has rebounded. Changchun and Shenyang in Northeast China have risen significantly, while Beijing, Shijiazhuang and Taiyuan in North China have also risen slightly, while Northwest China has not significantly improved in terms of urban vitality. ”
Top 10 cities in terms of overall vitality
1. Wuhan (Central China)
2. Shanghai (East China)
3. Beijing (North China)
4. Hangzhou (East China)
5. Chongqing (Southwest)
6. Chengdu (Southwest)
7. Guangzhou (South China)
8. Suzhou (East China)
9. Ningbo (East China)
10. Shenzhen (South China)
The top 10 cities that have risen in terms of overall vitality
Chongqing (Southwest) (up 6 places)
Changchun (Northeast) (up 6 places)
Fuzhou (East China) (up 5 places)
Shanghai (East China) (up 4 places)
Shenyang (Northeast) (up 3 places)
Hefei (East China) (up 2 places)
Shijiazhuang (North China) (up 2 places)
Yinchuan (Northwest) (up 2 places)
Hangzhou (East China) (up 1 place)
Beijing (North China) (up 1 place)
Basic vitality: Wuhan first
The basic vitality is reflected in the permanent population.
Research shows that—
"The basic vitality of cities in East China and Southwest China has risen. Among the cities with a rapid increase in basic vitality, Hangzhou, Jinan and Fuzhou are all cities in East China, among which Hangzhou is the only megacity with an increase in basic vitality. Northern cities, including Urumqi, Lanzhou and Yinchuan, have all seen rapid improvement in their rankings in terms of basic vitality. ”
"The basic vitality of cities in South China has declined. Among the cities with a rapid decline in basic vitality, Guangzhou and Shenzhen are both cities in South China, and the permanent population of Guangzhou and Shenzhen in 2022 will show negative growth compared with 2021. ”
The ranking shows that the four cities of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen all declined, Beijing fell 9 places, Shanghai fell 2 places, Guangzhou fell 6 places, and Shenzhen fell 5 places. Other cities with significant declines included Nanjing (down 17 places), Dalian (down 14 places), Qingdao (down 8 places) and Xi'an (down 4 places).
Top 10 cities in terms of basic vitality
1. Wuhan (Central China)
2. Ningbo (East China)
3. Xiamen (East China)
4. Chengdu (Southwest)
5. Changsha (Central China)
6. Hangzhou (East China)
7Fuzhou (East China)
8. Xi'an (Northwest)
9. Lanzhou (Northwest)
10Yinchuan (Northwest)
The top 10 cities that have risen in the ranking of basic vitality
Jinan (East China) (up 8 places)
Fuzhou (East China) (up 6 places)
Guiyang (Southwest) (up 6 places)
Lanzhou (Northwest) (up 6 places)
Nanchang (East China) (up 5 places)
Urumqi (Northwest) (up 4 places)
Yinchuan (Northwest) (up 4 places)
Lhasa (Southwest) (up 4 places)
Hangzhou (East China) (up 3 places)
Changsha (Central China) (up 3 places)
Functional vitality: No. 1 in Shanghai
The foreign business population and the foreign leisure population are reflected in the functional vitality.
Research shows that—
"The vitality of urban functions in East China and Northeast China has risen. Among the cities with rapid increase in functional vitality, Nanjing, Fuzhou, Xiamen and Ningbo are all cities in East China, and Harbin, Dalian and Changchun are all cities in Northeast China. ”
"The functional vitality of cities in southwest and north China has declined. ”
Cities with rapid declines in functional vitality include Kunming (down 6 places), Guiyang (down 5 places), Nanchang (down 4 places), Zhengzhou (down 4 places), Chengdu (down 3 places), Hohhot (down 3 places), Lanzhou (down 3 places), etc.
Top 10 cities in terms of functional vitality
1. Shanghai (East China)
2. Beijing (North China)
3. Chongqing (Southwest)
4. Suzhou (East China)
5. Guangzhou (South China)
6. Hangzhou (East China)
7. Shenzhen (South China)
8. Chengdu (South China)
9. Wuhan (Central China)
10Tianjin (North China)
Top 10 cities that have risen in terms of functional vitality
Harbin (Northeast) (up 7 places)
Changchun (Northeast) (up 4 places)
Fuzhou (East China) (up 4 places)
Xiamen (East China) (up 4 places)
Chongqing (Southwest) (up 3 places)
Tianjin (North China) (up 3 places)
Dalian (Northeast) (up 3 places)
Haikou (South China) (up 3 places)
Nanjing (East China) (up 2 places)
Ningbo (East China) (up 2 places)
There are 4 types of dynamic cities in China
Based on the above research results, the CAUPB proposed four types of vitality -
1. Stable type (high comprehensive vitality, low basic vitality, high functional vitality), mainly including Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, Guangzhou four megacities.
2. Vitality type (high comprehensive vitality, high basic vitality, high functional vitality), mainly including Hangzhou, Suzhou, Nanjing, Ningbo, Wuhan, Chengdu, Changsha, Xi'an, Zhengzhou, Hefei, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Shenzhen, etc.
3. Improvement type (comprehensive vitality, basic vitality, functional vitality), mainly including Lanzhou, Yinchuan, Jinan, Changchun, Qingdao, Urumqi, Tianjin, Nanchang, Nanning, Kunming, Haikou, Foshan, Wuxi, Dongguan, etc.
4. Lifting type (low comprehensive vitality, low basic vitality, low functional vitality). It mainly includes Taiyuan, Shenyang, Shijiazhuang, Hohhot, Lhasa, Xining, Dalian, Harbin, Guiyang, Changzhou, etc.
Classification of China's Urban Vitality (2023 Assessment Report on China's Urban Prosperity and Vitality, Chinese Academy of Planning and Planning)
In 2021~2022, some cities have undergone a transformation of vitality types -
1. Guangzhou (dynamic → stable)
The average annual increase of permanent population has slowed down, and the basic vitality of the population has declined, changing from a dynamic type to a stable type similar to that of Beijing, Shanghai and Chongqing.
2. Fuzhou, Xiamen (improved → energetic)
The basic vitality and functional vitality have been improved simultaneously, and the original improvement type has been transformed into a dynamic city.
3. Urumqi, Tianjin (promoted → improved)
Urumqi has been promoted to an improved city due to the improvement of its basic vitality, and Tianjin has been promoted to an improved city due to its improved functional vitality.
The vitality of the city breaks through
In terms of functional vitality, consumption is an economic projection of urban vitality. According to the research of the Chinese Academy of Planning and Planning, urban businesses are divided into eight categories: natural landscape, cultural landscape, performing arts appreciation, exhibition visit, catering, bar, experience, and leisure. Among them, the natural landscape, cultural landscape, performing arts appreciation, and exhibition visits represent the vitality of urban characteristics. Restaurants, bars, experiences, and leisure are the hallmarks of the city. Through further observation, we can see how cities in mainland China have tapped local characteristic resources to lead the restoration of characteristic vitality.
The following are the representative cities of 8 types of commercial cities that have recovered their vitality well and reflected the breakthrough of urban vitality.
Performing Arts Appreciation: Shanghai, the "Capital of Performing Arts"
Top 10 in the recovery index of performing arts appreciation
Shanghai, Beijing, Chengdu, Tianjin, Shenzhen, Hangzhou, Wuhan, Chongqing, Suzhou, Guangzhou.
Vitality Recovery Index of Performing Arts Appreciation in Shanghai (2023 China Urban Prosperity and Vitality Assessment Report, China Academy of Planning and Planning)
In 2021, the first batch of 100 new performing arts spaces in Shanghai will be identified, involving the integration of music bars, tea houses, cafes, hotels, shopping malls, business district squares, shopping complexes, cultural and creative parks, bookstores, museums, exhibition halls, commercial buildings and other land types. Through the in-depth combination of performing arts space and public space, it breaks through the requirements of traditional performing arts for venues, which is conducive to the construction of the artistic atmosphere of "city-wide drama" and the creation of urban cultural atmosphere.
Exhibition Visit: Wuhan, the "City of Conventions and Exhibitions"
Top 10 in the recovery index of exhibition visits
Wuhan, Xi'an, Shanghai, Nanjing, Lanzhou, Chengdu, Yinchuan, Changsha, Tianjin, Dalian.
Vitality Restoration Index of Exhibition and Visit in Wuhan Districts (2023 China Urban Prosperity and Vitality Assessment Report, Chinese Academy of Planning and Planning)
Relying on the advantages of the thoroughfare of nine provinces, the strong economic scale, and the abundant resources of education, science, culture, health, tourism and sports, the distinctive characteristics of specialized, special and new industries, and good business and exhibition policies, Wuhan is making every effort to build a national convention and exhibition center city. As of August 2023, 653 exhibitions and festivals have been held in Wuhan, a year-on-year increase of 77% (it is expected that more than 1,000 will be held in 2023, the highest in the past 10 years).
Cultural Landscape: Nanjing, the "City of Museums"
TOP10 of the Human Landscape Restoration Index
Nanjing, Xi'an, Taiyuan, Beijing, Chongqing, Dalian, Hangzhou, Xiamen, Shenyang, Harbin.
Vitality Restoration Index of Cultural Landscape in Nanjing (2023 China Urban Prosperity and Vitality Assessment Report, Chinese Academy of Planning and Planning)
According to the goal of the "Nanjing Development Plan for Building a "City of Museums", by 2025, it will strive to add 100 registered museums, incubate 100 museums, and hold more than 300 exhibitions every year. Through the integration of culture and tourism through various modes such as "museum + education", "museum + community" and "museum + night tour", the "cultural exhibition hall" will be upgraded to a "cultural living room".
Natural Landscape: Guiyang, "City of a Thousand Gardens"
TOP10 Natural Landscape Restoration Index
Guiyang City, Nanjing City, Beijing City, Shijiazhuang City, Chengdu City, Taiyuan City, Chongqing City, Nanning City, Hangzhou City, Jinan City.
Vitality Restoration Index of Natural Landscape in Guiyang (2023 China Urban Prosperity and Vitality Assessment Report, Chinese Academy of Planning)
In recent years, Guiyang City has started the construction of the "City of a Thousand Gardens", and has vigorously built various parks such as forest parks, wetland parks, mountain parks, urban parks, and community parks. At present, the total number of various parks in Guiyang City has reached 1,025, and the per capita park green space area has reached 14.85 square meters, and the urban park pattern of "300 meters of greenery and 500 meters of parks" has been basically formed. The superior ecological environment has achieved the reputation of Guiyang as "China's summer capital", and it has been listed as one of the top ten "beautiful cities" in China, selected as the "2023 Summer Tourism Preferred Destination", and topped the "Summer Resort Recommendation List".
Catering: Changsha, the market remembers new consumption
Top 10 in the Food and Beverage Recovery Index
Changsha City, Lhasa City, Chengdu City, Chongqing City, Qingdao City, Suzhou City, Xi'an City, Nanjing City, Hangzhou City, Guangzhou City.
Vitality Recovery Index of Catering in Changsha Districts (2023 China Urban Prosperity and Vitality Assessment Report, Chinese Academy of Planning and Planning)
Since March 2018, the Changsha Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government have introduced the concept of "organic renewal" in the "old city renovation", and carried out pilot projects within 5.6 square kilometers (8,400 acres) of the old city. Adhering to the principle of "protection + utilization", we have accurately applied the methods of "retention, modification, demolition and replenishment" to 14 historical and cultural blocks and historical areas (streets and alleys) such as Baiguoyuan, Xiwenmiaoping and Chaozong Street, and promoted organic renewal as a whole, creating a more memorable consumption scene for urban vitality by continuing the historical context and improving the function of the block.
Bars: Chengdu, poetry and the night economy in the distance
Bar recovery index TOP10
Chengdu, Changsha, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chongqing, Beijing, Hangzhou, Xi'an, Shanghai, Lhasa.
Vitality Restoration Index of Bars in Chengdu Districts (2023 China Urban Prosperity and Vitality Assessment Report, China Academy of Planning and Planning)
Chengdu's night-time economy has experienced a transformation from version 1.0 of food and bars, to version 2.0 of integrating emerging consumer formats such as art, culture and creativity, and cultural museums, and then to version 3.0 of the in-depth integration of culture, business, sports and tourism, online and offline integration, and the interaction and symbiosis of technology and fashion. At present, the scale of nighttime consumption in Chengdu accounts for 45%, which is a typical "entertainment and night" type city. As the mainstay of Chengdu's night-time economy, there are more than 2,500 bars of various types in Chengdu, ranking first in the country.
Experience: Xi'an, ancient and modern national tide
Experience the top 10 in the recovery index
Chengdu, Xi'an, Changsha, Guangzhou, Chongqing, Suzhou, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Shenzhen, Haikou.
Experiential Vitality Restoration Index of Xi'an Districts (2023 China Urban Prosperity and Vitality Assessment Report, Chinese Academy of Planning and Planning)
The cultural tourism industry is the pillar industry of Xi'an. In order to deepen the supply-side structural reform of cultural tourism, Xi'an has vigorously developed immersive and experiential new business formats, focusing on history and culture, micro-vacations, local tours, and night-time economy, promoting technological innovation in products, scenes, and technologies, and building a characteristic and high-quality cultural tourism consumption pattern. At present, Xi'an has formed large-scale comprehensive cultural blocks such as Beilin Historical and Cultural District, Yi Folk Society Cultural District, and Little Wild Goose Pagoda Historical and Cultural District, to small and medium-sized cultural and tourism spaces such as Chang'an Academy, Kaiyuan Theater, Silk Road Happy World, Greenland Silk Road Global Cultural Center, and Xi'an Qujiang Cultural and Creative Center, and then to Jianguomen Old Vegetable Market, Xingshan Temple West Street, Sunshine World and other trendy places where young people gather, to diversified consumption gathering places and cultural tourism attraction points of various scales on fixed weekend creative market venues.
Leisure: Chongqing, innovative digital entertainment
Top 10 in the Leisure Recovery Index
Changsha City, Chongqing City, Xi'an City, Lanzhou City, Shanghai City, Chengdu City, Yinchuan City, Wuhan City, Lhasa City, Changchun City.
Leisure Vitality Restoration Index of Chongqing Districts (2023 China Urban Prosperity and Vitality Assessment Report, Chinese Academy of Planning and Planning)
Build a "consumption metaverse" scenario and a "cultural tourism metaverse" scenario. Promote the implementation of digital collections, digital art stores, and digital content IP in shopping malls. Actively promote the vigorous development of the scripted entertainment industry, and strive to create a new immersive entertainment consumption model of "script +". Seize the opportunity of live broadcast and continue to build more than 10 high-standard live broadcast bases. Expand the new model of VR panoramic tourism, promote the integration of digital intelligent technology in cultural venues such as Chongqing Library, Chongqing Art Museum, Chongqing Industrial Culture Expo Park, Chongqing Grand Theater, and Three Gorges Museum, accelerate the deep integration of holographic images, augmented reality, 5G+8K and other technologies in the fields of book reading and cultural relics display, promote the development of virtual performing arts events, and guide holographic projection, somatosensory interaction and other technologies to combine with events, concerts, concerts, etc., to create a "super live" immersive experience that integrates virtual and real.