Do you know what the exploits of the second khan of the Mongol Empire, Ögedei Khan, were
Wokotai is very talented
He transformed the Mongols from a tributary state into a tax-based empire
and built the capital city of Hala and Lim
Created caravanserais and banknotes
and the imperial examination system, which is open to the whole people
It is also extremely tolerant of the religions of all ethnic groups
This is a huge shift from nomadic governance to bureaucratic governance
The Mongol Empire passed a period of peace and prosperity
In the following decades
The Mongol conquest had three main directions
Central and southern parts of the Central Plains
Central Asia, Iran, the Caucasus and the Middle East, as well as modern-day Russia and Eastern Europe
All three directions are independent states
Starting with the invasion of Europe
1235
The Mongols decided to send a large army to conquer Europe
Batu is the commander-in-chief
The total number of troops reached 130,000
In 1237 Volga Bulgaria was occupied
Conquered Kemilia
The next target is Allen in Kyiv Jack
Until the end of summer
All the lands east of the Don River were included in the Mongol territory
Soon the Mongols hit the capital of the Vladimir principality
In 1238 many principalities were destroyed
Their capital was razed to the ground
The Mongols acted quickly
Divide and conquer along the way
The principalities were not allowed to unite together
The largest open battle of the campaign took place along the river
The Mongols were victorious
Only Novgorod and Bend were not destroyed
Because they surrendered to Mongolia on their own initiative
After that, the Mongols began to retreat
And send an army south to conquer the Caucasus
1240
Batu began to recruit troops locally
In the summer of the same year
The Mongols attacked again
The largest and most prosperous Kyiv was besieged in September
The Mongol envoy sent was also killed
After a three-month siege
The city eventually fell
The Russian principalities were also incorporated into what would become the Golden Horde
Batu then set his sights on Central Europe
The Venetians gave the Mongols treasure information about the kings of Central Europe
This allowed Batus to wage a devastating campaign against all of Europe
December 1240
The Mongols prepared a raid on Poland and Hungary
Several envoys were sent to meet with Henry II, Grand Duke of Poland, and King Bila IV of Hungary
The messengers were killed
The Mongols began to invade Central Europe in three ways
The first set of tasks was to distract Poland
The second force was mainly led by Batu and Subutai
They crossed the Kolba Thousand Mountains
Then cross the Wanike Pass
The third army advanced along the Danube
Soon the first troops advanced towards Poland at an alarming pace
February 13th
Lublin and Sandimes were sacked at a rate of 50 miles a day
They divided their forces in half and were ordered to go to central Poland
The other half of the army swept south
Defeated a small detachment in the Battle of Kursk
Late 1240
Krakow, the capital of Poland, was abandoned
It was soon sacked by the Mongols
The Mongols then set out for the central Silesian city of Slao
The Polish nobility was not fortified
Hopefully, more time will be gained to gather troops
During the day, Kayden received a report saying
A large army is marching on them
So they turned to intercept the Polish army
Then the Polish army hurried to join the Bohemian army
Eventually, the two armies met in April
The Polish army under Henry II numbered about 7-8 thousand people
Most of them are from Poland
There were also contingents from Moravia, Bavaria and the Teutonic Knights
The Mongol army led by Dahl was only 6,000 men
The Polish army consisted of heavy cavalry, infantry and peasants
Ah, the Mongol army was made up of the usual assault soldiers and heavy lancers
The battlefield is a plane surrounded by a small river
The center of the Christian army consisted of three platoons of cavalry and infantry
Henry led the flank troops and smaller reserves in the rear
The troops there were divided into four divisions
Each division had mounted archers and infantry cavalry
The advance of the Polish cavalry launched an attack on the Mongol front-line troops
But after some initial victories, it was repulsed
Poland continued to send the remaining cavalry charges
This turn the Mongols were forced to retreat
The Polish Allied cavalry began to pursue
The Mongolian commander gave the signal
Set fire to the plants growing in the field
This creates a dense smoke and smell
Make it unbearable for the Christian army
The infantry on the flanks could not see the battlefield clearly
At that moment
Mongol cavalry archers began to shoot at riders who were disoriented by the smoke
The cavalry of the Christians was annihilated
Only unarmed peasants remained on the battlefield
The flanks are completely exposed
In the absence of any assistance
Both Polish flanks were slaughtered
The commander tried to flee the battlefield
But was captured and beheaded by the Mongols
600 km south of Nietzel
The Hungarian king Béla was busy slaughtering Polish nobles
Six days after his pursuit, the main Mongol force led by Batu also began to line up their armies and prepare for battle
He built carriages near the Siyao River, but the Mongols refused to take the bait
Although the terrain is flat
But the river has overflowed
Only a narrow 200-meter-long bridge can be crossed
The Mongols had an army of about 15,000 to 20,000 people
Numerically it is not dominant
And the other side had 40,000 powerful Hungarian soldiers
Of these, the cavalry was 15,000 kilometers
The cadets were armed with contingents from Croatia, Austria, and the Knights Templar
After hearing that the Mongols crossed the bridge under the cover of darkness
The Hungarians marched seven kilometers in the dark
And destroyed the vanguard of the Mongols at midnight
Because their archers were exposed at night
Defenseless against enemy crossbowmen
Hungarian troops celebrate when they return to the camp
A small army was left to guard the bridge
Thought that the Mongols had all been repulsed
April 11 at 12:41
Subutai sent a force north across a shoal in the river
And he was heading south to a makeshift bridge
meanwhile
Batu ordered seven heavy catapults to bombard and distract the soldiers guarding the bridge
The northern army then went around to the rear and attacked the guards on the bridge
and crush them
In the Hungarian camp
A heated argument broke out
Because the king was accused of not being fully prepared for battle
This gave the Mongols time to cross the river
Due to the battle, it was not possible to organize the troops into proper formation
The Mongols were pushed to the river with nowhere to run
Subutai miraculously joined the fray
Attack the Hungarians from the rear
Then a force was assembled
The enemy suffered heavy casualties
They were then ordered to surround Bella's retreating Hungarian camp
The Mangen-Ale attacked the camp with stones
Archers also shoot flaming arrows
The Hungarians tried to break through the encirclement three times
But each time it was repulsed
The Mongols left a gap
Deliberately gave the Hungarian army hope of escape
Most of the defenders fled for their lives
Only to be chased by more ambushed archers
This trick meant that the Mongols would kill their enemies as they fled
And not to fight for their enemies
The Hungarian army was completely annihilated
Bella fled to safety
When the entire Hungarian people were at the mercy of the Subutai army
In two days, the most powerful kingdom in Central Europe was defeated
During the Hungarian rule
The Mongols did what they did best
Began to loot and ravage the villages
More than half of the fixed distance points on the Hungarian plain were destroyed
Hungary is said to have lost nearly 500,000 people
The Mongols then invaded Serbia and Bulgaria
All these lands have been ravaged
Bulgaria was forced to become a tributary state for the Mongols for decades
The situation is getting more and more serious
The Pope called for an anti-Mongol crusade
meanwhile
The Holy Roman Emperor began to recruit troops and organize defenses
The Mongols were planning to reach the Atlantic
But there were no strong enough armies to stop them
Fortunately, it didn't happen
Ögedei Khan died on December 12, 1241
Batu and most of his troops had to return to Mongolia
Take part in the election of the next Great Khan of the Mongol Empire
He was finally saved