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In the long river of history, the dialogue between Liu Bang and Han Xin has become a good story that has been praised through the ages. Liu Bang once asked Han Xin how many soldiers and horses he could command during the campaign, and Han Xin replied: "Your Majesty can command an army of 100,000, and the minister can command more soldiers and horses." But then he added, "You're good at commanding your generals, not leading your troops."
Liu Bang is known in history for being good at discovering and utilizing talents. He was able to defeat Xiang Yu precisely because he has a unique vision and wisdom. However, in choosing an heir to the throne, he seems to have made a mistake. Among his eight sons, he chose Liu Ying, the son of Empress Lü, to succeed him, who later became Emperor Hui of Han.
During the reign of Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty, although he did not do much, Liu Bang's other son, Liu Heng, had the potential to become an emperor. After Liu Bang pacified the dynasty, Liu Heng was named the acting king and established the capital of the city. Among Liu Bang's many sons, Liu Heng is a prince who has the world in mind and has the talent to govern the people.
However, after the death of Emperor Hui of Han, Empress Lü began a bloody purge of Liu Bang's sons. In order to protect himself, Liu Heng deceived Empress Lu and all the ministers through disguise.
Liu Heng, this name is not conspicuous among Liu Bang's many sons, how did he stand out among the kings and become the first emperor of the ages?
was crowned king and was left out in the cold
Liu Heng, the third son of Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, and the life of his mother Bo is quite legendary. Bo was originally the wife of Wei Wangbao, because of her extraordinary appearance, she was predicted by Xiangshi to have the order of the queen, which made Wei Wangbao ambitious and rebelled against Liu Bang. However, before his dream of becoming an emperor could be realized, he died young.
Due to fate, Bo was brought into the Han Palace, and after spending the Spring Festival with Liu Bang, he became pregnant and gave birth to a son Liu Heng. Although Liu Bang is lustful, there are many beauties in the palace, and the Bo family is not the most beautiful among them, so the mother and son are not favored in the palace.
When Liu Heng was 8 years old, he was named acting king and went to the fiefdom. And because Bo Ji was the concubine of Wei Wangbao, she was accepted by Liu Bang as her own because of her beauty and knowledge, and gave birth to her son Liu Heng. Bo Ji knew that she was of a humble position, so she never competed with other concubines for favor.
Bo Ji is very different from Mrs. Qi, who is favored by Liu Bang. Influenced by his mother, Liu Heng has developed a humble and tolerant character since he was a child. He does not compete with other brothers and has a gentle and tolerant personality. This also laid the foundation for him to become a Ming monarch in the future.
At that time, Liu Bang was old and weak, and the power of the court gradually fell into the hands of Empress Lu Pheasant. She is jealous and ruthless, and most of Liu Bang's favored concubines are persecuted by her. After Liu Bang's death, Lu Pheasant's power became even stronger, and the favored concubines suffered even more, especially Liu Bang's favorite Mrs. Qi, who suffered the cruel punishment of "human biao".
Although Liu Bang has 8 sons, his favorite son is the third son Liu Ruyi, and the least valued is the fourth son Liu Heng. It was this son, who was not favored at first, who eventually became the Ming Emperor of the Western Han Dynasty - Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, creating a glorious era of the three generations of Wenjingwu.
Reject the fiefdom of Empress Lu and be cautious
After Liu Bang's death, his son Liu Ying inherited the throne and became Emperor Hui of Han. However, after Liu Ying served as a puppet emperor for seven years, he died of depression because he was dissatisfied with Empress Lü's murder of the kings and concubines.
Empress Lü then appointed Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty Liu Ying and the son of a palace maid Liu Gong as emperor, but Liu Gong's fate was even more pitiful, he only served as emperor for four years, but because his biological mother was killed by Empress Lü, he often complained.
As a result, Empress Lü first imprisoned Liu Gong, and finally simply killed him, and established Liu Yi, the king of Changshan, as the emperor (later changed to Liu Hong). However, Liu Hong's five-year career as an emperor is just an ornament, and all court politics are decided by Empress Lu. Therefore, from the beginning of Liu Ying's reign as emperor, "all orders were issued by the queen mother", and Empress Lu was in power for 16 years.
While supporting the puppet emperor, Empress Lu also extended his poisonous hand to the prince. Liu Bang had a total of eight sons, and three were directly killed by Empress Lu. She first poisoned her third son Liu Ruyi, and then designed to starve her sixth son Liu You, and then forced her fifth son Liu Hui to commit suicide.
Only the eldest son, Liu Fei, narrowly escaped. While persecuting the prince, Empress Lu even sent envoys to Jinyang in an attempt to change the title of acting king Liu Heng to the king of Zhao. Liu Heng, who saw the tragic death of many brothers, was very cautious, he modestly refused to be crowned king, and expressed his willingness to guard the northern border for the imperial court, and the conditions were bitter and cold, and the size of the territory did not matter.
In fact, he did not want to get involved in the whirlpool of power and profit, so he saved himself.
In the years of Empress Lu's dictatorship, she made the disciples of the Lu clan princes, and divided more than a dozen people from the Lu family as princes. However, at the time of her death, in order to prevent the ministers from becoming chaotic, she arranged for Lü Lu to lead the northern army, and Lü Chan to be in charge of the southern army, and strictly control the guards of the capital and the imperial palace.
Heaven is not as good as people, as soon as Empress Lu died, Zhu Xuhou Liu Zhang, Prime Minister Chen Ping, and Taiwei Zhou Bo immediately took action. They contacted the kings of the Liu clan externally, seized military power internally, and quickly launched a palace coup. After a bloody struggle, the Lu group was finally wiped out. Since then, the power of the imperial court has returned to the hands of the Liu family.
The Lu clan was destroyed, and Liu Heng ascended the throne
After the destruction of the Lu clan's power, the ministers in the court went through some careful consideration. They believed that Liu Hong, the little emperor set up by Empress Lü at that time, was not a descendant of Emperor Hui of Han, which did not conform to the legal system of succession to the throne. After repeated comparisons and trade-offs, they finally chose Liu Heng, the acting king.
First of all, among the eight sons of Han Gaozu, only the fourth son Liu Heng and the seventh son Liu Chang remained, and Liu Heng was the eldest, which made him a conspicuous candidate. Secondly, Liu Heng had a reputation for being steady and humble in governing the country, a quality that made him a reliable monarch. Moreover, Liu Heng's mother and his wife and concubine had a docile personality and would not repeat the mistakes of the past, causing civil strife in the palace again.
When this big pie suddenly came to Liu Heng's head, he was not immediately ecstatic, but behaved very calmly. He first convened his subordinates to deliberate, taking into account the situation at that time.
Some people believe that when Zhulu has just been destroyed and the situation is not stable, we should first use the excuse of illness as an excuse to wait and see how the situation changes. Others, on the other hand, believe that the opportunity should not be lost and that they should immediately enter Beijing to succeed to the throne. Liu Heng reported the matter to his mother Bo Ji again, and after discussion, Bo Ji also hesitated. Finally, they also performed divination to predict good luck and bad luck.
Although the divination result was auspicious, Liu Heng was still cautious about everything. After consulting with his subordinates again, he decided to send his uncle Bo Zhao to Chang'an to find out the truth. After receiving Bo Zhao's reply, Liu Hengcai, Zhang Wu, Song Chang and others left Jinyang for Chang'an.
After arriving in Gaoling, Liu Heng first sent Song Chang into the city to inspect the movements. After confirming that everything was safe, Liu Heng came to Weiqiao. At this time, Chen Ping, Zhou Bo and other ministers had come to greet them.
Although he had come to the throne, Liu Heng was not carried away by joy. He did not enter the palace immediately, but first returned to his former mansion in Chang'an. After repeated requests from the ministers, Liu Heng, who had resigned several times, agreed to succeed to the throne. His steadiness and thoughtfulness made him a true ruler and won the respect and love of the people.
Remove the "disguise", iron wrists
Before Liu Heng succeeded to the throne, there was another emperor Liu Hong in the palace, which became the last obstacle for Liu Heng to ascend the throne. Liu Heng knew that in order to succeed to the throne smoothly, he must first solve the problem of Liu Hong.
So, he decisively sent Xiahou Ying and Liu Xingju to the palace and asked Liu Hong to move out of the palace. In order to ensure that nothing went wrong, Liu Heng sent someone to kill Liu Hong in his residence that night, completely removing the obstacles to succession.
After stabilizing the situation in the palace, Liu Heng began to reward the meritorious officials who killed Zhulu. He knew that in order to consolidate his position, he had to have the support of these heroes. So, he issued an edict to reward these heroes as a way to express his gratitude and trust in them.
And this emperor, who seems to be kind-hearted on the surface, hides iron-blooded and ruthless political means behind it. When he first ascended the throne as emperor, he stayed up all night, carefully analyzed the situation in the court, and he understood that only by mastering military power could he truly become the leader of the Han Dynasty.
History records that on the night Liu Heng first ascended the throne, he deduced the current situation countless times in his mind. He chose the strategy that worked best for him, which was to ensure his own security and seize the military power of the northern and southern armies of the imperial city.
The Northern and Southern Army, the strongest army around the Imperial City, had been in the hands of Empress Lu's two nephews. The reason why Zhou Bo was able to eradicate the Lu clan was that he took the lead in taking away the military power of the Northern and Southern armies. Without the help of the Northern and Southern Army, it would have been impossible to pacify Zhulu.
After the pacification of Zhulu, this military power has always been in the hands of Zhou Bo. According to the rules, the military power must naturally be handed over to the imperial court. However, Liu Heng thought of this, so he directly ordered: "Worship Song Chang as General Wei at night and pacify the northern and southern armies." He did not discuss with Zhou Bo, but directly issued an edict, asking Song Chang to hold the holy decree and take charge of the northern and southern armies.
Regarding Liu Heng's move, Zhou Bo didn't have time to oppose it, and he couldn't oppose it. He could only silently accept this fact, because Liu Heng had already held the military power in his own hands.
This is Liu Heng's political method, which seems to be kind-hearted, but in fact he is ruthless. Only by mastering military power can we truly become a veritable leader of the Han Dynasty.
Create the "Governance of Cultural Scenery"
Under Liu Heng's rule, he attached great importance to the development of agriculture, actively pacified the displaced people, and worked hard to redress the unjust, false and wrongful cases committed by Lü's relatives during their reign. He rested with the people and reduced taxes, so that every family in the Han Dynasty had surplus grain, and the warehouses of the imperial court were piled up.
Emperor Wen of Han not only focused on agricultural production, but also worked to benefit the common people. He was a frugal man, and never added a single extravagant object to the palace. Once, his empress wore an expensive silk robe, and he was so furious when he accidentally saw it that he cut it off directly, and ordered that no such extravagant utensils appeared in the harem.
Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty paid attention to filial piety and advocated the rule of filial piety. He had great respect for his mother, Bo Ji, and at the same time he was strict with his laws and regulations, and he also dealt harshly with his corrupt uncle. His actions gave a new look to the entire dynasty, and the love for him was palpable.
Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty's philosophy of governing the country created a social miracle that the lowest taxes could enrich the official warehouses throughout the country. He pioneered the national tradition of valuing filial piety and made a significant contribution to the development of the Han Dynasty. During his 32-year reign, the population of the Han Dynasty nearly doubled, and the country took on a vibrant scene.
After his death, Emperor Wen of Han was revered as "Emperor Xiaowen", and together with his son Emperor Jing of Han, he created the first prosperous dynasty in Chinese history, "Wenjing Zhizhi". Their governance laid a solid foundation for his grandson, Emperor Wu of Han, and made the Han dynasty a first-class power in the world.
According to the "Hanshu Food and Goods Chronicle": "During the 70 years from the beginning of the Han Dynasty to the accession of Emperor Wu, due to domestic political stability, as long as there were no floods and droughts, the people always gave enough for their families, and the warehouses of the county were full of grain. The grain in the granary is rotten and inedible due to Chen Chenxiang, the government's granary has surplus wealth, and the money of the Jingshi is in the millions, and even the string of money is rotten. ”
What is described here is the rule of Wenjing, which is inseparable from Emperor Wen's personal efforts and his policy of "recuperation", which made the rule of Wenjing a prosperous era of society at that time.
Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty himself was revered by later generations as a model for the Ming Emperor through the ages, and his wisdom and benevolence are still talked about today.
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