On December 24, the National Health Commission held a press conference to introduce the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases in the mainland.
Mi Feng, spokesman of the National Health Commission, said that recently, the overall volume of outpatient and emergency respiratory disease diagnosis and treatment in medical institutions across the country has continued to fluctuate and decline. According to the data, on December 22, the total number of outpatient and emergency respiratory diseases in medical institutions above the second level decreased by 8.2% compared with the same period last week and 30.02% from the peak.
Acute respiratory illness is likely to continue to decline in the coming week, and influenza viruses are likely to be the dominant pathogen
Peng Zhibin, director of the Department of Respiratory Infectious Diseases of the Infectious Disease Management Department of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said that overall, the current acute respiratory diseases are dominated by influenza viruses and a common epidemic of many other pathogens, among which influenza activity is at a high level but slightly declining, and the activities of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, adenovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus are fluctuating and changing, and the new coronavirus activity is at the lowest level since this year.
Experts believe that acute respiratory diseases may continue to decline in the coming week, and the causative agent may still be influenza virus.
In these cases, primary care is preferred
When should primary healthcare facilities be the first choice for patients with respiratory diseases?
Liu Tao, deputy chief physician of the Department of General Medicine of Gumei Community Health Service Center in Minhang District, Shanghai, introduced:
First, patients with fever, sore throat, cough, runny nose and nasal congestion as the first symptoms, and the course of the disease is less than 1 week, can consider the first choice to come to the community for treatment, most of these patients are acute respiratory infections, which are common diseases.
Second, patients with recurrent cough, wheezing or repeated runny nose and nasal congestion, with a course of more than 2 weeks or even 4 weeks, but no obvious fever, can be considered as the first choice to come to the community for treatment. This type of patient may be a respiratory tract infection, or it may be a common chronic respiratory disease such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, etc., which can be preliminarily diagnosed in the community, and most of them can be treated in the community, or can be referred to a specialist more accurately after the judgment of the community family doctor, so as to avoid residents going back and forth between various departments of the general hospital.
Who should pay attention to during the cold wave?
Mi Feng said that the recent cold wave weather has a wide range of effects and a large range of cooling. Infants, children, pregnant women, the elderly, patients with chronic underlying diseases, and outdoor workers are the key groups that need special attention in cold wave weather, and should pay attention to cold and warmth, anti-slip and anti-falling, such as frostbite, hypothermia and chest tightness, chest pain, palpitations, dizziness and other symptoms, to seek medical attention in time.
- The elderly need to pay special attention to the high incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in winter
Xie Yantao, director of the Ciqu Community Health Service Center in Tongzhou District, Beijing, said that winter is a period of high incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in the elderly, and at the same time, winter is also a period of high incidence of respiratory diseases such as influenza A, and acute infection will cause serious conditions such as heart failure. Therefore, the elderly need to pay extra attention.
One is the law of life. The elderly should ensure a regular work and rest and a regular diet.
The second is to pay attention to keeping warm. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the warmth of the living environment. Outdoor activities and windows should not be opened for too long. Avoid cold water, cold food, and colds.
The third is scientific training. Try not to go out in the morning and evening during the winter months.
Fourth, the elderly with chronic diseases must pay attention to the monitoring of blood pressure and blood sugar, take medication regularly, and do not stop or reduce the dose by themselves. If you have symptoms such as chest tightness, chest pain, inconvenience in limb movement, and slurred speech, you should seek medical attention in time.
- When a cold wave comes, children are susceptible to acute respiratory infections
Liu Tao introduced that when the cold wave comes, children are very prone to acute respiratory infections. Fever is a common symptom of acute respiratory infections in children and is often the first symptom.
First, when the child has a fever, parents can first physically cool the child. At the same time, it is important to stay hydrated. When your child's temperature exceeds 38.5°C, an antipyretic may be taken by mouth. Children with fever who do not have obvious symptoms such as cough or vomiting can be treated symptomatically at home for 2-3 days without immediate medical attention.
The second is the mode of medication, which can be treated with oral drugs. Oral therapy can reduce the hardship of going back and forth to the hospital, waiting for medical treatment and infusion, so that the child can get better rest and care at home, and also avoid cross-infection caused by staying in the hospital for too long due to infusion therapy.
Third, in the diet, it is necessary to moderately supplement protein nutrition, such as lean meat, eggs, milk, etc., but also to avoid excessive greasy; for children with fever to pay attention to water supplementation, parents can judge whether the water supplement is sufficient by observing the child's urine output, and try to make the urine output of the child with fever close to the state when it is healthy.
- Outdoor workers such as food delivery riders and sanitation workers should take the following protective measures
Peng Zhibin introduced that in order to reduce the health damage that may be caused by the cold wave, the National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention organized experts to formulate and release the "Cold Wave Public Health Protection Guide" based on the characteristics of the cold wave on the basis of a large number of scientific research results in the early stage, to guide the public to respond to the cold wave scientifically and improve protection awareness.
Sanitation workers, construction workers, couriers, takeaways and other outdoor workers, because of the long exposure time and high exposure intensity of the cold wave, should focus on the following protective measures:
First, when working outdoors, you should pay attention to cold protection and keep warm, it is recommended to wear cold-proof work clothes, shoes, hats, gloves, etc., and ensure good lighting for night operations.
Second, when going out in rainy and snowy weather, you should pay attention to anti-skid and fall, and try to avoid walking or riding on the ice;
Third, when traveling, pay attention to driving safety, keep abreast of road conditions, make reasonable travel plans, maintain a good vision, pay attention to the status of the fuel tank or battery, and install snow chains if necessary.
Fourth, we should pay attention to pathogen infection, especially pathogen infection transmitted through the respiratory tract, and it is recommended to get vaccinated in time.
Fifth, keep communication unimpeded, understand the surrounding rescue facilities and contact information, seek help in time in case of emergency, stop operations, and enter a warm place as soon as possible.
In addition, it is recommended that outdoor workers arrange their work time reasonably and try to choose a warmer time of day to work. When working outdoors, portable heating items can be used to ensure that the work clothes are dry and warm. If the clothing is wet, it should be changed in time.
Towards the end of the year, how to do a good job of personal protection?
Peng Zhibin introduced that on the issue of how to protect individuals from the increase in the flow of people at the end of the year, it is recommended to strengthen the following protective measures on the basis of daily protection against respiratory infectious diseases:
First, when traveling by subway, bus, train, plane and other public transportation, it is recommended to wear masks scientifically, wash hands or disinfect hands in time, and do a good job of personal protection on the way.
Second, the elderly over 65 years old, patients with severe chronic underlying diseases, pregnant women, children, etc., it is recommended to minimize going to tourist attractions and public places where crowds gather, and wear masks scientifically if you really need to go.
Third, patients with respiratory infections or those with related symptoms are advised to postpone travel and try to avoid infecting others.
Fourth, organizers of large-scale gathering activities should implement responsibilities such as ventilation, sanitization and health tips, and pay attention to and comply with local respiratory disease prevention and control information and requirements.
The recently issued guidelines for the prevention of respiratory infectious diseases for the public to wear masks focus on common situations and scenarios closely related to public life, work, and Xi, distinguish different periods such as high incidence and normalization of the epidemic, and put forward classified recommendations for key institutions, key places, and key groups of people who should wear masks, recommend wearing masks, and recommend not wearing masks, so as to guide the public to wear masks more scientifically and accurately. On the basis of ensuring the effectiveness of prevention and control, the impact on the public's production and life should be minimized.
Source: CCTV news client