The recent hit TV series "The Age of Awakening" has a lot of social repercussions, reflecting the patriotic enthusiasm of young people during the May Fourth period from one side. Among them, cai yuanpei's gentle and elegant image has become the classic image of Cai Gong on the screen. After Cai Yuanpei left office, who carried the banner of Chinese national education?
I. Liu Zhe (1880~1954) (Term of office: 1927.8-1928.6)
Liu Zhe (劉哲), courtesy name Jingyu, was a native of Yongji, Jilin (present-day Jiutai, Jilin Province). He was a very knowledgeable man, able to write a good hand, and more knowledgeable about poetry, song and writing. Because he became acquainted with Zhang Zuolin, Zhang Zuolin was the most powerful person among the warlords at that time, so Liu Zhe's official fortunes were also prosperous. In the autumn of 1924, during the Second Zhifeng War, Zhang Zuolin defeated the warlords of his immediate lineage and stationed himself in Beijing, where he exercised authority. In 1926, An-Ing was established, and Zhang Zuolin was appointed commander-in-chief. On June 18, 1927, Zhang Zuolin was inaugurated as the Grand Marshal of The Land, Sea and Air Force in Beijing, and as if the momentum of the king of a country, Liu Zhe became the director of education of the Republic of China at that time, the president of the Beijing Normal University, and the head of the Beijing University Beauty Department. On March 1, 1928, he was appointed president of Harbin Institute of Technology.
II. Li Yuying (1881~1973) (Term: 1928.6-1929.1)
Li Yuying (1881~ 1973) character Shi Zeng, pen name Zhenmin, stone monk, in his later years the number of expanded martial arts. A native of Pangkou Village, Gaoyang. He was the third son of Li Hongzao, a major minister in the late Qing Dynasty. In the 28th year of the Qing Dynasty (1902), he went to France to study in France as an attaché of Sun Baoqi, an envoy of the Qing government to France, and successively studied biology and philosophy at the Munda diernity Agricultural School, the Pasteur College, and the University of Paris. In the thirty-second year of Guangxu (1906), together with Zhang Jingjiang and Wu Jingheng, he initiated the organization of the "World Society" and published the weekly newspaper "New Century". In August of that year, he was introduced by Zhang Jingjiang to join the League.
3. Chen Daqi (1886~1983) (Term: 1929.1-1929.8)
Word for a hundred years. A native of Haiyan County, Zhejiang Province. Modern Chinese psychologist. He graduated from Tokyo Imperial University in 1912. In 1912, he became the president of Zhejiang Provincial Higher Education School and a professor at Zhejiang Private Law and Politics College. In 1925, together with Hu Shi and others, he initiated the establishment of the Peking University Philosophical Research Society. In 1927, he became the provost of Peking University and a professor of Peking Normal University. In 1928, he became the secretary general, in 1929 he acted as the president of Peking University, and later as the chairman of the election committee. After the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he served as a national policy adviser. In 1949, he went to Taiwan and successively served as a professor in the Faculty of Letters of National Taiwan University, the Department of Education of Taiwan Provincial Normal College, and the president and professor of Taiwan Chengchi University. In 1952, he was elected as a member of the Kuomintang Central Committee. He received an honorary Doctorate in Literature from the University of Hong Kong in 1961. He was the president of the Philosophical Association of the "Chinese Academy of Sciences" in Taiwan. He died in Taiwan on January 8, 1983, at the age of 97.
4. Jiang Menglin (1886~1964) (Term: 1930.12-1945.10)
Jiang Menglin (1886-1964), formerly known as Mengxiong, Zhaoxian, Meng Lin, a native of Yuyao, Zhejiang, was a famous educator in modern and modern China. Jiang Menglin devoted his life to education, and during his tenure as president of Peking University, he devoted himself to "rectifying discipline and developing mass governance to make up for the shortcomings of the school." In terms of education propositions, Jiang Menglin believes that the long-term plan of education lies in "taking the essence of China's country and reconciling the spirit of the world's modern world: setting standards and setting problems", with the goal of cultivating "the spirit of science" and "social consciousness". His major works include autobiographical works such as "Xichao", "Xinchao", "On Learning", and "Research on Chinese Educational Principles". On June 19, 1964, Jiang Menglin died of liver cancer in Taipei, Taiwan, at the age of 78.
V. Hu Shi (1891~1962) (Term of office: 1945.10-1948.12)
Hu Shi (1891.12.17 – 1962.2.24), Han Ethnicity, a native of Shangzhuang Village, Jixi, Anhui. Famous modern scholars, poets, historians, writers, and philosophers. He became one of the leaders of the New Culture Movement for advocating a literary revolution. The original name was Si Yong, the scientific name was Hong Qi, the character Xijiang, later changed to Hu Shi, the character Suitable, the pen name Tianfeng, Zanghui, etc., of which, the name and character of the suitable and suitable are taken from the popular Darwinism at that time to say that "the survival of the fittest in the competition of things" allusion. In 1915, he entered the graduate school of Columbia University, studied under the idealist philosopher Dewey, accepted Dewey's pragmatic philosophy, and devoted his life to it. He graduated in 1917 with a doctorate in philosophy and returned to China in July of the same year.
After returning to China, he served as a professor at Peking University, joined the "New Youth" department, wrote articles against feudalism, promoted individual freedom, democracy and science, actively advocated "literary reform" and vernacular literature, and became an important figure in the new cultural movement at that time. In the same year, Hu Shi published the "Discussion on the Improvement of Literature" in the "New Youth", advocating the replacement of literary text with vernacular language, and put forward the proposition of writing articles such as "not moaning without illness" and "having something to say", making preliminary ideas for a new literary form. During the "May Fourth" period, he and Li Dazhao and others launched a debate on "problems and doctrines." After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he became the president of Peking University in 1946. In 1962, he died of a heart attack at a cocktail party in Taiwan.
6. Tang Yongtong (1893~1964) (Term: 1949.5-1951.9)
Tang Yongtong (1893.6.21 – 1964.5.2) was a philosopher, Buddhist scholar, educator, and master of traditional Chinese studies. His ancestral home is Huangmei County, Hubei Province, and he was born in Weiyuan County, Gansu Province. In 1917, after graduating from Tsinghua Xuetang, he studied in the United States and entered Hamlin University and Harvard University for further study, and obtained a master's degree in philosophy. After returning to China, he successively served as a professor at National Southeast University (renamed Central University in 1928 and Nanjing University in 1949), Nankai University, Peking University, and Southwest United University. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he successively served as vice president of Peking University, member of the Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, member of the First National Committee and The Third Standing Committee of the Chinese-People's Political Agreement, and deputy to the First, Second and Third National People's Congresses.
VII. Ma Yinchu (1882~1982) (Term of office: 1951.9-1960.3)
Ma Yinchu (June 24, 1882 – May 10, 1982) was a contemporary Chinese economist, educator, and demographer. A native of Shengzhou, Zhejiang. After the founding of The People's Republic of China, he successively served as deputy director of the Central Financial and Economic Commission, deputy director of the East China Military and Political Commission, dean and professor of the Business School of Chongqing University, professor of Nanjing University, professor of Beijing Jiaotong University, president of Peking University, and president of Zhejiang University. In 1957, he was beaten for publishing the doctrine of the "new population theory", and was rehabilitated after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. He has written a lot of monographs in his lifetime, especially to China's economy, education, population and other aspects, and has the reputation of "the first person in Chinese oral studies" in contemporary times.
VIII. Lu Ping (1914~2002) (Term of office: 1957.10-1966.5)
Lu Ping (1914-2002), male, formerly known as Liu Zhixian, also known as Lu Di, a native of Changchun, Jilin Province. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1933 and studied at the Department of Education at Peking University from 1934 to 1937. From October 1957 to March 1960, he was the vice president of Peking University, and from November 1957, he was the party committee of Peking University. From March 1960 to June 1966, he was also the principal.
9. Zhou Peiyuan (1902~1993) (Term of office: 1978.7-1981.3)
Zhou Peiyuan (August 28, 1902 – November 24, 1993) was born in Yixing, Jiangsu Province. Theoretical physicist, fluid mechanics. In 1955, he was elected as a member (academician) of the Faculty of Chinese Academy of Sciences. In 1952, he joined the Jiusan Society. He is a member of the Third Central Committee of the Jiusan Society, a member of the Standing Committee of the Fourth Central Committee, a vice chairman of the Fifth, Sixth and Seventh Central Committees, the chairman of the Eighth Central Committee, and an honorary chairman of the Ninth Central Committee. From 1936 to 1937, Zhou Peiyuan went to the United States to participate in the general relativity seminar led by Professor A. Einstein at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, and engaged in the study of relativity gravity and cosmology. After returning to China in 1937, he was a professor at the Department of Physics of Changsha Provisional University and Southwest Union University, and engaged in scientific research on fluid mechanics turbulence theory. From 1943 to 1946, Zhou Peiyuan went to the United States again, first at the California Institute of Technology to conduct scientific research on fluid dynamic turbulence theory, and then in the U.S. National Defense Commission's Wartime Scientific Research and Development Bureau and the Naval Military Industry Test Station to engage in air-to-water combat scientific research. In 1946, he went to England to attend the 300th anniversary of Newton's birth, the International Council of Science and Technology, and went to France to attend the Sixth International Congress of Applied Mechanics (elected as a director by the Congress and the newly established International Association of Theory and Applied Power). After returning to China in 1947, he continued to serve as professor and provost and deputy director of the University Council of Tsinghua University.