Original title: (Taste of China | Wenbo) Read the "details" of history from the Han Dynasty
Lanzhou, 24 Oct (ZXS) --
Written by Dai Wenchang
How did the Chinese Han Dynasty border soldiers ask their friends to "buy"? What does the "National Wanted Order" at the Hansei border pass look like? Hanting's reception fee for condolences to the frontier turned out to be the "AA system"? In the Gansu Jianmu Museum, which recently opened to the public, tens of thousands of simple mu cultural relics "out of purdah", most of which were exhibited for the first time after archaeological discoveries. Through the simplicity of each piece, you can see the life of Hansei border pass.
In September 2023, children practiced calligraphy in the Gansu Jianmu Museum. Photo by Dai Wenchang
Jian Mu and Pal Shu are both writing carriers of ancient Chinese before the invention of paper. It is made of bamboo wood, similar in length to chopsticks, and varies in width and width. Originated in the Spring and Autumn Period, it flourished in the Two Han Dynasties, and uses white silk as the writing material, because the material is precious and easy to decay, it is not common in tombs and site excavations.
In the early 90s of the 20th century, a Han Dynasty book "Yuan Zhizi Fangshu" unearthed at the site of Dunhuang's hanging spring is the most complete preserved and most numerous personal letter known among the underground excavations in the Two Han Dynasties in China.
The "Yuan Zhizi Fangshu" exhibited in the Gansu Jianmu Museum. Photo by Dai Wenchang
"Yuan is not from outside, may the son Fang Xing buy for Yuan Hu (Xia) one or two, silk wei, two inches long; Five pens, the benevolent, Yuan Xingjing..." In the letter, Yu "Yuan" on the edge of Dunhuang asked his friend "Zifang" to help purchase silk shoes, brushes, whips, and engrave a seal.
"The writer 'Yuan' and the recipient 'Zifang' are ordinary people in the Han Dynasty, and although the things mentioned in the letter are very common, they make us deeply feel the breath of life of the ancients two thousand years ago." Yang Mei, deputy director of the Gansu Jianmu Museum, said that although the Tunshu labor, food, clothing, housing and homesickness in the Han Dynasty were sealed in the dust for 2,000 years, they were still full of temperature after opening.
Han Jian on display in the Gansu Jianmu Museum. Photo by Dai Wenchang
At the end of the Qin Dynasty and the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the northern Xiongnu grew rapidly, and most of the northern borders of the Han Dynasty fell under the threat of Xiongnu strong troops. During the reign of Emperor Wudi of Han, large-scale reclamation began to be carried out. However, in ancient times, the environment in the northwest was harsh, the tunshu was difficult, the drinking style was prevalent, and drunk fights occurred from time to time. Many cases of drunken fights resulting in disability or even death have been recorded in many excavated Han Jian. Unearthed in the Han Jian of the Han Dynasty in Jiuquan, Gansu, there is a "National Wanted Order" - "thin body, small head, side, small beard, small beard, straight body, black handicap (帻: turban) when he first died (meaning to escape)." More than ten characters outline the physical characteristics of the fugitive.
"Liang Mi Eight Dou, straight one hundred and sixty. That is, three stones of rice, four hundred and fifty straight. Sheep two, straight five hundred. Wine two stones, straight two hundred and eighty..." Also unearthed at the site of Jinguan in the Han Dynasty, the "Xinmang Laobian Envoy Crossing the Boundary Fee Book" records detailed figures such as how much rice and salt were consumed by the officials sent by the imperial court to comfort the soldiers of the border area.
Who pays for the reception? "AA system." Zhu Jianjun, director of the Gansu Jianmu Museum, told reporters that according to Jianmu's records, the reception cost a total of 1,470 yuan, and there were 27 officials in the shoulder water and gold pass, each sharing about 55 yuan.
The Gansu Jianmu Museum has been officially opened to the public recently, and the picture shows tourists visiting in the museum. Photo by Dai Wenchang
From 138 BC to 115 BC, Emperor Wudi of Han twice sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions, and since then the official exchanges between the Central Plains Dynasty and the Western Regions have begun. "Dunhuang was the first county to enter the Han Dynasty in the Western Regions, so it was also the key place for the Han Dynasty to accept Western culture." Yang Mei said that Dunhuang has a post agency to provide food and accommodation for kings, nobles, and envoys from the Western Regions.
The Dunhuang Hanging Spring Station, discovered in 1987, is the Han Dynasty post institution with the most complete and preserved cultural relics found and preserved in China so far. In the Han Jian of Hanging Spring, you can find the "imprints" of dozens of envoys from Western Regions countries such as Loulan, Hemo, and Wusun passing through Hanging Spring. For example, in Han Jian's "The King of Guzi and His Wife Stay Overnight in the Hanging Spring Place", it was recorded that in order to receive the King of Guzi and his wife, the Han court arranged "an eight-foot bed and a bed, like a green drapery" and other living items in the hanging spring.
The Han Jian unearthed at the site of Dunhuang Hanging Spring is on display in the Gansu Jianmu Museum. Photo by Dai Wenchang
On a broken mud wall at the site of Hanging Spring, there is also an inscription on the most complete Han Dynasty ecological environmental protection legal document seen in China at present, the "Four Times and Moon Decree Decree".
"It is forbidden to dig birds' nests in spring, logging is prohibited in summer, houses are suitable for repair in autumn, and land is forbidden to be excavated in winter..." This "environmental protection law" promulgated in the fifth year of the Western Han Dynasty (5 AD) put forward the ideas of "banning the issuance in time" and "combining use and maintenance", which are still outdated. The edict was inscribed on the wall of the post station to warn people from east to west to follow the natural sequence of production and life.
It is simple and silent, but it records the details of the vast historical process. "The words on the simple mou carry the real past, both major events in history and small events that are not recorded in history books." Yang Mei said that for this reason, as a first-hand excavated documentary material, Jian Mu has an important role in the field of historical research to supplement history, prove history and correct history.
Source: China News Network