Mu Huali (1170~1223), founding hero of the Yuan Dynasty, famous general. Shiju was east of the Nan River (present-day Onnen River, Mongolia) and was a native of the Mongolian Plateau. His father was a general under Genghis Khan, and Muhuali also served Genghis Khan. He followed Genghis Khan to participate in the war to unify the various departments of the Mongolian plateau, and made many military achievements, and was one of the "four masters" at that time. After the founding of the Mongol State, Muhuali participated with Genghis Khan in commanding the war to destroy Jin in the west, conquered the west and turned to the north and south, and made outstanding achievements in battle, laying the foundation for the Mongol army to finally unite with the Song Dynasty to destroy Jin. The Yuan Dynasty was founded, and Feng Muhuali was made the head of ten thousand households. Later, Genghis Khan made him a taishi, a king, and a provincial governor. In the first year of the reign of Emperor Yuan Yingzong, He enfeoffed Mu Huali as the founder of the kingdom of Tiren, the Taishi, the Kaifu Yi Tongsan Division, the Shangzhu Guo, and the King of Lu, and was known as "Zhongwu".
The story of Mu Huali
1. Follow the Father and be faithful and faithful
Muhua Li's father, Kong Wen Guwa, served under Genghis Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty. He once accompanied Genghis Khan to slander Rigi, conquered the barbarians, and repeatedly built meritorious deeds. Later, He rebelled and attacked Genghis Khan. Genghis Khan was caught off guard and fled with only six cavalrymen. Lack of food in the middle, Kong Wen Guwa and others caught camels living by the water's edge and killed them, and burned them into hot meat for Genghis Khan to eat. Soon Naiman came in pursuit, but Genghis Khan's mount happened to die at this time, and everyone looked at each other in horror, not knowing what to do. Kong Wenguwa immediately gave genghis Khan the horse he was riding and told him to go quickly. After the pursuit of the soldiers arrived, Kong Wenguwa drew his sword alone to meet the battle, because the enemy soldiers were getting more and more, wounded and killed. Genghis Khan finally escaped death.
Mu Huali was the third son of Kong WenGuwa, and when he was born, there was white qi rushing out of the tent, and the witch said in surprise: "This is also very child." "By the time he reached adulthood, Muhua Li was resolute and wise, his arms were like apes, he was good at riding and shooting, and he could hold a bow and two stones.
Muhuali accompanied Genghis Khan in his conquests and was known for his loyalty and bravery. Once, Genghis Khan's army lost the battle and retreated, just in time for the snow and wind, the tooth tent was blown away by the fierce wind, and Genghis Khan lay in the grass. When Muhua Li learned of this, he immediately re-established his teeth with Bor. At that time, the wind and snow were fierce, and Muhuali and Borshu simply stood in the wind and snow, supporting the felt tent with their hands, covering Genghis Khan, and from midnight to dawn, they did not move their feet. One day, Genghis Khan led more than thirty cavalrymen through the valley, which was narrow and difficult to navigate. Genghis Khan turned back to the left and right and said, "If you meet a Kou in the valley, what will you do?" Mu Huali said, "Please take it by example." Soon, the thief Kou Guo came out of the valley forest, and the arrows rained down, and Muhua Li led the bow to shoot the thief, and the arrows were not false, and three of the three arrows were fired. The thief asked, "Who are you?" Mu Huali replied loudly, "Mu Huali! "Say goodbye to the saddle and wait for the enemy." The thief knew muhua li's name, so he did not dare to attack again, so he led the troops away. Muhuali protected Genghis Khan out of the valley.
King Kre khan fought with Naiman, and was unfavorable, and asked genghis Khan for help. Genghis Khan then sent Muhuali and Borshu to lead the army to rescue him. In a fierce battle with the Barbarian soldiers, he finally defeated the Barbarian soldiers, and won a lot of armor battles, horses and cattle. Soon, King Krie Khan, fearing that Genghis Khan's power was getting stronger, planned to attack Genghis Khan. When Wang Khan's subordinates learned of his plan, they rushed to Genghis Khan's camp overnight and told Genghis Khan. Genghis Khan then sent Muhua Lixuan's elite cavalry to attack the camp of King Kere Khan by night, and Wang Khan's soldiers were defeated, and Wang Khan fled and died. The Krebe was the most powerful of the Mongol plateau at that time, and Genghis Khan had been attached to him at the beginning, but in this battle, the whole army of the king Khan was defeated, the king Khan fled alone, and the other tribes heard about it, and they were trembling, so they came to join Genghis Khan.
In 1206, the Mongol nobles held a congress at the source of the Nan River, and honored Temujin as the Great Khan and honored Genghis Khan. After Genghis Khan ascended the throne of the Great Khan, he first ordered Muhuali and Borshu to be the heads of the left and right households. And calmly said to Mu Huali and others: "The country is peaceful, and you are waiting for the strength." I am like a car with a rudder and an arm with you, and you should realize this without changing your original intention. Muhuali, Borshu, and others knelt down to receive the edict and said in unison: "Swear to die and follow the Great Khan, and never change your heart!" ”
Second, send out a division to cut gold to suppress the rebellion in Jinzhou
Jin and Mongolia were enemies for generations. During their reign, the rulers of the Jin Dynasty oppressed the Mongol tribes and constantly used the Tatars who were dependent on the Jin Dynasty to harass the Mongol tribes. Genghis Khan's grandfather died tragically at the hands of the Jin, his father was plotted by the Tatars, and the Jin rulers repeatedly tried to murder Genghis Khan himself. Therefore, after unifying the various departments of the Mongolian plateau, Genghis Khan began to plan an attack on the Jin Dynasty to remove this obstacle to entering the Central Plains and going south to Jiangnan.
It just so happened that some Jin people surrendered, saying that their master Yan Jing (Jin Zhangzong) had killed relatives in the clan room, and the dynasty was in a slump and the absurdity was rampant. After hearing this, Genghis Khan said, "The Master is famous." So in March of the fourth year of Song Jiading (1211), Pai Muhuali and other generals marched south. The Mongol army, at a time of high morale, marched south, shouke Dexing (present-day Zhuolu, Hebei), then Yunzhong (present-day Datong, Shanxi), Jiuyuan (present-day Wuyuan, Inner Mongolia), and Fuzhou (present-day Zhangbei, Hebei). The Jin soldiers claimed to be 400,000 and lined up north of Wild Fox Ridge (present-day northwest of Wanquan, Hebei). Mu Huali said: "The others are numerous and we are widowed, and it is not easy to break the enemy if we fight to the death. "So he led the daredevils to rush into the enemy position with a loud roar. The Mongol army was known for its cavalry bravery, and Muhua Li rushed into the enemy position as a pioneer, and the Mongol cavalry then rushed to kill them. Genghis Khan also commanded the various armies and attacked the Jin soldiers. The Jin army collapsed and could not resist, so it was defeated and retreated. The Mongol army chased after the Xunhe Fort, and it was another cover-up, and the Jin army claimed that 400,000 troops and horses had been killed by this time, and the zombies were hundreds of miles. The Battle of Wild Fox Ridge was the first contest between the Mongol army and the Jin army, and as a result, the Mongol army won a small victory and a large victory over the Jin army, and the Jin army suffered a serious blow.
After the Battle of Wild Fox Ridge, the Mongol army was greatly enhanced. Subsequently, the Mongol army also pulled zhuozhou (涿州, in modern Zhuo county, Hebei), and divided its forces to capture Yidu (present-day Changlexi, Shandong) and the cities of Bin and Di. Advancing to Bazhou (bazhou in present-day Baxian County, Hebei), Shi Tianni and Xiao Budi led the crowd to surrender. Mongol troops then besieged Yanjing (present-day Beijing). The lord of gold asked for peace, and Genghis Khan led the army to the north.
Soon, Muhua Liyi's general Xiao Yi first used ji to pacify Jindong (present-day Liaoyang, Liaoning) and attack Jinbei (present-day west of Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia). Jin Shou led 200,000 troops to block the Mongol army at Huadao. Xiao also defeated the Silver Qing soldiers first, beheading more than 80,000 people. Yinqing retreated to Beijing. Muhua Li ordered the Mongol soldiers to approach the city of Beijing. The city is full of food, the Jin soldiers are afraid, kill Yin Qing, and push the Jin general Yin Tou Hu as a marshal. Yin replied that the tiger saw that the general trend had gone, so he raised the city and surrendered. Mu Huali was at first furious at Yin's surrender, angry that he had surrendered too late, and wanted to kill his surrender. Xiao also hurriedly stopped them first, saying: "Beijing is an important town in western Liaoning, and now that they have surrendered, how can they kill them again?" If so, who will dare to surrender in the future? When Muhua Li heard this, Fang woke up from his anger and accepted the surrender of the Jin general Yin Dahu, and played the role of Genghis Khan still ordering Yin Dahu to stay in Beijing and lead the army to guard the town as the Mongol general Wu Ye. After that, Mu Huali also surrendered Shi Tianying, a local tycoon in Jinxing Zhongfu.
In Jinzhou (present-day Jinzhou, Liaoning), Zhang Whale gathered more than 100,000 people to kill the Envoy of Jin Jiedu, called the King of Linhai County, and came to descend Muhuali. Genghis Khan decreed that Zhang Whale would lead the Beijing Shi ti to control the army and march from the southern part of the province to the prefectures and counties of Mongolia. At this time, Mu Huali sensed that Zhang Whale had the intention of rebellion, so he ordered Xiao to supervise his army first. Zhang Whale led his troops to Pingzhou (平州, in present-day Chaoyang, Liaoning), where Zhang Whale falsely claimed to be ill and could not stay; then tried to escape, but Was taken by Xiao Ye and sent to Genghis Khan, where he was killed.
Zhang Zhi, Zhang Zhi, a brother of Zhang Whale, heard that his brother had been killed, angrily occupied Jinzhou, betrayed the Mongols, and led troops to attack the prefectures of Ping, Rui, Li, Yi, Yi, and Quang Ninh. Mu Huali led the Mongols to spend tens of thousands of other troops and crusader Zhang Zhi. In the seventh year of Jiading (1214), Zhang Zhi again led an army to attack Xingzhong Province. In July, Mu Huali led his army to Xingzhong Castle. Muhua Lixian sent Wu Ye to attack Yukishi Mountain, and said to Me, "If you attack now, the thieves will send troops to help, and I will lead the troops to cut off their way back, and Zhang Zhi can capture him." "He also sent the Mongols with a small number of soldiers to hide in the southeast of Yongde County to wait for news. Zhang Zhi heard that the Mongol army was attacking The Slippery Stone Mountain, and indeed sent Zhang Dongping, the son of Zhang Whale, to lead 8,000 cavalry and 30,000 infantry to help. The Mongols did not take the time to find out that Zhang Zhi had sent reinforcements, so they led the soldiers with them away and rushed to Report to Muhuali. Muhua Li sent his troops in the middle of the night, leading the army to gallop, and encountered the enemy in the east of Shenshui County. So he and Wu also attacked Zhang Dongping's army. Mu Huali then divided his cavalry into half dismounts and infantry, selecting thousands of good archers to shoot the enemy before shooting the enemy. He ordered: "The enemy infantry has no armor, no armor stomach, shoot fast!" It rained like rain, and Zhang Jun couldn't get close. Mu Huali commanded the cavalry and attacked the thieves, but Zhang Dongping could not resist and fled in defeat. The Mongol army beheaded Zhang Dongping and more than 12,000 soldiers. He then captured Kaiyi County and besieged Jinzhou. Zhang Zhi sent his subordinates Zhang Taiping and Gao Yi to fight, but they were defeated. The Mongol army beheaded more than 3,000 people, and the thieves drowned countless people. The Mongol army besieged Jinzhou for more than a month, and Zhang Zhi resented that his subordinates did not try their best to kill the enemy, so they killed more than twenty defeated generals. Gao Yi was terrified, so he took advantage of Zhang Zhi's lack of preparation and kidnapped him out of the city and surrendered. Mu Huali killed Zhang Zhi.
After the jinzhou rebellion was put down, Mu Huali led an army south to attack Suzhou (present-day Suzhou, Jiangsu), Fuzhou (present-day Qiuyang, Hubei), and Haizhou (present-day southwest of Lianyungang, Jiangsu), and beheaded The Jin dynasty to complete the Yan family slaves. The Jin Dynasty Xuanfu Puxian, who was guarding Xianping (present-day Kaiyuan Northern Old Town, Liaoning), led more than 100,000 people to flee to the island.
3. Use troops in the Central Plains to pacify Yan Zhao
Muhua Li sent out a division to fight in Kejie, and Genghis Khan, because of his meritorious edicts, sealed the Taishi and the king, and all of them undertook the province to undertake the work, and gave Muhua Li an oath scroll and a golden seal, "The descendants will pass on the country, and the generations will continue." "He was also divided into ten armies, including Hongjira, Yiqi Liesi, Wulu Wu, and Busy Wu, and wuye khitans, bo, and Han, and belonged to The command of Muhua Li. While rewarding Muhuali, Genghis Khan also proposed to Muhuali the next military strategy, that is, the area north of the Taihang Mountains, Genghis Khan himself was responsible for the strategy, while the south of the Taihang Mountains, that is, the Central Plains occupied by the Jin, was ordered to be responsible for the conquest ("The north of the Taihang, from the jingluo; south of the Taihang, Qing Qimianzhi). ”）。 Moreover, by giving the Great Banner of the Nine Tours, muhua li's supreme power as the military commander in the south was strengthened ("Muhua Li built this banner to issue orders, such as the arrival of the emperor himself.) ”）。 Muhuali understood Genghis Khan's strategic ideas and soon began to actively implement them.
At the beginning of the Jiading Decade (1217), Muhua Lixian established the province of Yuyun and Yan in order to enter the Central Plains. After that, he led his division to the Central Plains. The Mongol armies sent troops to Southern Yan, first capturing Suicheng and Lizhou (蠡州, in modern Qingyuan, Hebei). In the winter, they also attacked Daming Prefecture (present-day northeast of Daming, Hebei), Laizhou (present-day Ye County, Shandong), and Weizhou, Deng, and Mizhou. After capturing some of Jin's important towns in Hebei and Shandong, Muhuali again marched westward, leaving Taiheling in Xijing (present-day Luoyang, Henan) and entering Hedong. Attacking Taiyuan (present-day Taiyuan, Shanxi), Xinzhou (present-day Xinxian County, Shanxi), Dai Prefecture (present-day Dai County, Shanxi), Zezhou (present-day Jincheng, Shanxi), Fenzhou (present-day Fenyang, Shanxi), and Lu and Huo prefectures, either capturing or surrendering, these important towns of the Jin Dynasty in Shanxi fell one after another. After that, the Mongol army went down to Pingyang (平陽, in modern Linfen, Shanxi), and Jin Shouchen abandoned the city and fled. Soon, Mu Huali ordered Schoter to wait for Izumo and Shuo to attack the Ganlan Volcano Army. With Gu Li as the marshal, he attacked Shizhou and then attacked Daizhou, and also conquered it.
After the Mongol army was slightly repaired, Muhua Li led his army from Yan through Zhao and reached Mancheng. The Jin general Wu Xian surrendered with Zhending (真定, in modern Zhengding, Hebei). At this point, most of the important towns in the land of ancient Yan zhao were owned by the Mongol army. Muhuali lived up to the trust of Genghis Khan and won a great victory in a short period of time by using troops in the Central Plains and fighting successive battles.
At that time, the Mongol army still had the habit of arsonists and plundering, which brought great harm to the people of the Central Plains. People of insight in the Mongol regime were worried. Shi Tianni, a soldier on the West Road of Quanhe North, said: "Now the Central Plains are roughly determined, and the army is still plundering by the army, which is not the king's pity for the people. Agreeing with this proposition, Muhuali ordered that the Mongol soldiers be strictly forbidden to plunder, and all the old and young obtained were returned to the fields. Therefore, the army was solemn, and the officials and the people were very happy.
The Mongol army took advantage of the victory and marched to Fuyang, and the Jin Xing Prefecture (金邢州, in modern Xingtai, Hebei) made Wu Gui surrender. Muhua Li then sent the Mongols to Wei, Huai, and Mengzhou in Hebei without spending time, and entered Jinan (present-day Jinan, Henan). The 300,000 people from the eight prefectures under the jurisdiction of the Jin people, including Xiang, Wei, Ci, Huan, En, Bo, Shui, and Jun, went to Muhua Lijunmen to ask for surrender, and Muhua Li was surrendered and comforted.
At that time, there were Jin soldiers stationed in Huanglingyi, claiming 200,000, and sent 20,000 infantry to attack Jinan. Mu Huali defeated the Jin army with five hundred light horses, and then sent a large army to Huanglingyi. The golden soldiers lined up on the south bank of the river to show their death. Mu Huali said: "This time we should not use long soldiers, and we should win with short soldiers." "So he ordered the cavalry to dismount, and all of them shot at the enemy with bows and arrows, and the arrows were like rain. Mu Huali also personally dismounted to supervise the battle, and the Jin soldiers were indeed defeated, and many people drowned in the river. Later, MuhuaLi led an army to capture Chuqiu and Shan Prefecture, and then besieged Dongping (東平, in modern Dongping, Shandong). Sending Yan Shi to lead the east-west road to the mountains to save trouble, he warned: "Now that the grain in Dongping will run out, the enemy will inevitably abandon the city and flee." When you see the enemy fleeing, you can enter the city to pacify. We must not cause the people of these counties to suffer and thus endanger our great deeds. "In April of the tenth year of Jiading, when Dongping ran out of grain, the Jinxing provincial official Huangu abandoned the city and fled to Fenjing (present-day Kaifeng, Henan), and the Mongol army pursued Sulu Kuba, killing more than 7,000 enemy soldiers, and Busy Ancient led hundreds of troops to flee to Fenjing. Enter the city strictly, build a province, and appease the city's citizens.
In May, Muhua Li returned to Wild Fox Ridge. In the Song Dynasty, Lianshui Zhongyi ruled over Shi Silai, and Mu huali comforted Shi Si and said, "You are not afraid to travel thousands of miles, Mu Yi came, I am very moved." I will soon tell Genghis Khan about this, and the Khan King will give you a high-ranking official, and you will encourage yourself. "Therefore, Shi Si was the governor of the three states of Ji, Yan, and Shan, and he gave him an embroidered jade belt. After that, Jin Jingdong appeased Zhang Lin and Zheng Zun, and Muhua Lidu rewarded and comforted them, and reported Genghis Khan one by one, each giving him an official position.
What is the end of Muhuali?
After muhuali used troops in the central plains to basically pacify the Jin dynasty army in the land of Yan and Zhao, he plotted to send a division to Shaanxi, and then comprehensively passed through the area south of Taihang to achieve Genghis Khan's grand strategic goals. In August of the fourteenth year of Jiading (1221), troops were stationed in Qingzuka (present-day south of Hohhot, Inner Mongolia). The Princess of Jianguo sent envoys to comfort all the soldiers of the army. Soon, Muhua Li sent his army to Dongsheng (present-day Tokto, Inner Mongolia) and crossed the Yellow River. The king of Western Xia also sent 50,000 troops to accompany him. After that, the soldiers entered Suide (present-day Suide, Shaanxi), broke the horseshoe cold, and the whole army was stationed thirty miles away from Yan'an (present-day Yan'an, Shaanxi). Jinxing Province completed Yan Heda's army of 30,000 and lined up in the east of Yan'an City. The vanguard of the Mongol army, The Mongols did not spend three thousand cavalry to spy on the Jin army, and the Jin army saw it, thinking that the Mongol army was small. The Mongols did not spend any time to immediately go back to Report to Mu Huali and said: "The Jin soldiers see that we have few soldiers, and they have the intention of taking the enemy lightly, and when they are about to fight tomorrow, they can pretend to be defeated and retreat, and win with ambush troops." Mu Huali agreed with his plan. In the middle of the night, Muhua Li urgently ordered the large army to advance together, and when the sky was not clear, it was ambushed in the west valley fifteen miles east of the city. The next day, the Mongols did not spend money on the army, and when they saw the Jin army, they abandoned their flags and fled. The Golden Soldiers did indeed send heavy troops to pursue. Fifteen miles east of the city, the Mongol army suddenly appeared, shouting and drumming, and the golden army was defeated. Muhua Li ordered the Mongol army to pursue, beheading more than 7,000 enemies and capturing more than 8,000 horses. After Yan Heda retreated to the city of Yan'an, the Mongol army besieged for more than ten days and still could not get down, so it abandoned Yan'an, marched south into Luochuan, and conquered Yanzhou.
At this time, Shi Tian, the marshal of the Quanxingtai Terracotta Army, should capture Jin Xiao and send Zhang Tiegun to arrive. Mu Huali scolded Zhang Tiegun for not surrendering. Zhang Tiegun snapped, "I have been favored by the Jin Dynasty for more than twenty years, and now that the matter has come to an end, there is only one death!" "Muhua Li was so righteous that he wanted to untie him, but the generals were so angry that they killed him.
In the autumn and July of the fifteenth year of Jiading (1222), Muhua Li ordered the Mongols not to spend time to lead troops out of Qinlong, in order to gain momentum. Then the army captured mengzhou's four hooves village, pulled up The Jinyang Yihe village, entered the Kesanqingyan, entered the Huoyi Mountain Fort, and relocated the residents to the nearby prefectures and counties.
In August, there are stars that appear during the day. The hermit Qiao Jingzhen said, "Looking at the heavens today, there is no way to march." Mu Huali said, "The Lord has commanded me to pacify the Central Plains, and although Hebei is now peaceful, but Henan, Qin, and Gong have not yet descended, if they do not enter the army because of the celestial signs, when will the world be determined?" Moreover, disobeying the king's orders can be regarded as loyalty! So, in October, he led the army to continue to advance. When the Mongol army arrived, the Jin people all looked forward to the wind.
Hezhong (河中; present-day Yongji Puzhou, Shanxi) had long been occupied by the Jin, and after returning to Mongolia, Muhua Li summoned Shi Tianying and said, "This is the key point of Hedong, and it seems that I must choose the guardians." So he asked Shi Tianying to garrison the river, and asked him to build a pontoon bridge to be used when returning to the division. After settling down in the river, Muhua Li led his army across the Yellow River, pulled Tongzhou, lower Pucheng, and marched to Chang'an (present-day Xi'an, Shaanxi). Jin Jing Zhaoxing Province, Yan Heda supported 200,000 troops to defend Chang'an, and the Mongol army could not attack for a long time, so it had to divide its troops and defend against the enemy. Mu Huali also led an army to attack Fengxiang (present-day Fengxiang, Shaanxi) in the west, but still attacked Yueyu and did not fall. Mu Huali said to the generals: "I was ordered to go on a crusade to the east, and within a few years I had conquered western Liaoning, eastern Liaoning, Shandong, and Hebei. The previous attack on Tianping and Yan'an, and now the attack on Fengxiang, have not been able to conquer, is it my good luck to be finished? So he garrisoned weishui south, sent the Mongols not to spend the south to cross the Niuling Pass, and inspected Song Fengzhou and returned.
In the spring of the following year, the division returned. At this time, Shi Tianying had already died of war thieves, and the pontoon bridge was not completed. Mu Huali said to the generals, "The bridge is not completed, so how can we sit and wait?" Fu also led troops to attack more than ten villages in the West Fort of jinhe. In March, when he crossed the river and wenxi county (now part of Shanxi), he was seriously ill and summoned his brother to say: "I have helped the country to become a great cause, and I have been wearing armor and holding sharp for nearly forty years. Only hate that The Beijing has not yet fallen! Ru Qimianzhi. He then died at the age of fifty-four.
After Muhuali's death, Genghis Khan had to personally lead an army to attack Fengxiang, and he said to the generals: "If Muhuali is here, there is no need to personally come here!" ”
Muhua Li had a son, Polu, Shen Yi Kuijie, generous to others, proficient in multi-Chinese, good at riding and shooting, and was also used by Genghis Khan.