Author: Chen Erhu
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" >, who are Mu Huali's men? </h1>
In 1216, Genghis Khan, who ruled the world, returned from the gold-cutting front to the Grassland of the Krullen River, and lingered zabaer to stay in the former capital of the Jin Dynasty for the north of the Yellow River and the south of the Tiemen (Juyong Send). At this time, Genghis Khan's close associate Left Wing Wanhu, Muhua Lizheng, who commanded the left-hand army, led an army to run the Liaodong region, and with the elimination of Zhang Zhi in Jinzhou, Puxian Wannu, who established Eastern Xia, was driven to the island. Soon after, general Khwarazm killed the Mongol caravan, and Genghis Khan returned to the Mongolian plateau and decided to lead a large army to the west to conquer Khwarazm.
In 1217, Genghis Khan appointed Muhuali as the taishi, king, and capital province, and undertook to act, handing over full power to Muhuali. According to the "History Collection", the reason why Muhuali was crowned king was because the Jurchens called Muhuali "king", and Genghis Khan believed that this title was a sign of auspicious happiness, so He named Muhuali as king.
The "Biography of Yuan Shi MuhuaLi" records: When Genghis Khan enfeoffed Muhua Li as the king of Taishi in the next edict, he gave a large golden seal with eight words engraved on it: "Descendants will pass on the country from generation to generation." He also said to Mu Huali: "The north of Taihang is from the meridian, and the south of Taihang is qingqi mianzhi." Finally, he also gave the Great Banner of the Nine Axes, which symbolized the Great Khan, and warned the generals: "Muhua Li built this banner to give orders, as if he were to come in person."
This was the power that bestowed muhuali almost to him.
The Mongol regime only named brothers and nephews as kings, and the heroes of different surnames only sealed thousands or tens of thousands of households, and few were awarded tens of thousands of households, and Muhuali was named "king" by exception, which was not only the trust and importance of Genghis Khan to him, but more importantly, shouldering the importance of the Mongolian regime in the development and growth of the country.
However, the army left by Genghis Khan to Muhuali was not the left-hand army of one of the three main forces of the Mongol army under the original command of Muhuali, but a limited number of partial divisions, which showed the heavy burden on Muhuali.
Muhua Li this kind of people and horses, people are accustomed to called the tanners. "Tanma", interpreted in Chinese, refers to the scouts of the army, and "chi" means human, which adds up to the outpost to fight the vanguard. It is a unit of different tribes led by a number of generals, with the five departments of Hongjira, Zara, Chiqi Lisi, Wulu Wu, and Busy Wu as the core.
In the "Biography of Yuan Shi Kuo Kuo Bu Hua", it is recorded that "Taizu ordered the Taishi Muhua Li to cut gold, and divided Ma Chi into five parts, each placing one general"; The "Biography of Yuan Shi Muhua Li" says: "The ten armies of Hongjila, Yiqi Liesi, Wulu Wu, and Busy Wu, as well as the armies of Wu ye and Khitan and Han Han, are also under their command."
The "Collected Histories" says in more detail: "Ten thousand Wang Guti troops, one thousand mixed troops, four thousand Wulu Tibu people, two thousand YiQilai people led by The Bald Horse, the 1,000 Busy Kuti tribes led by Kuyil Lerda's son Mongke - Khaleza, the 3,000 Hongjira tribesmen led by Alchi Nayan, the 1,000 Zhalai people led by King Muhuali's brother and grandson, and the Khala Khitan and Jurchen armies led by Wuye Yuangui and Marshal (Yelü) Bald."
It can be seen from this that the main force led by Mu Huali mainly consisted of 12,000 Mongol Tanma Chi army, 10,000 Wanggubu cavalry, plus Khitan people and horses led by Wu Ye'er and Yelü Bald, as well as the Han landlord armed forces of Shi Tianni, Liu Bolin, and Liu Heima's father and son, and the total strength of the army would not exceed 100,000 people.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > second, according to the shoucheng pool to surrender the Han generals</h1>
Mu Huali relied on this handful of miscellaneous armies to deal with the Jin Dynasty, which had nearly a million soldiers and horses.
Muhuali was ordered to make a special expedition, and Genghis Khan asked him to "recruit Haojie and survey the untouched cities", not only to put the conquered Jin Dynasty land under his leadership, but also to "conquer the people who have not yet been annexed" as much as possible.
This change surprised the Jin court up and down, and Guo Wenzhen, the Duke of Jinyang, said when he played to Jin Xuanzong: "Heshuo has been under the army for many years, and he has come and gone to the spring in autumn, and now he has not returned to the summer, and he is not fond of killing and logging, and he is wantonly cultivating crops, which is unpredictable!"
Muhua Li's transformation of a war aimed at plundering slaves and looting property into a war aimed at seizing the city and seizing land and entering the Central Plains was "unpredictable" for the Jin government.
For those who led the troops or sacrificed the city and the land to surrender, Mu Huali gave him different positions of commanding the army and managing the people according to his merits and abilities, allowing them to inherit and appoint their own subordinates. Shi Bingzhi, Shi Tianni's father and son, Liu Bolin, and Liu Heima's father and son, who were the first to surrender, all became important forces in his conquest, and also made "Heshuo Haojie" come to his aid, and Shi Tianying, Li Shouzhong, Tian Xiong, Yan Shi, and Zhang Rou successively fell under Muhua Li's command.
The local magnates in the north had to rise up one after another to find "self-improvement measures" or "self-seeking wealth", "those who support the army are ten thousand, those who are founders are ten thousand, those who are knights and disciples are ten thousand, those who protect their homes are gathered and those who are thieves are thousands, those who accumulate millet and gold and their children think they have their own, and those who occupy houses and houses across Lianzhou and county think that they are their own businesses. ”
For a time, "Hebei's flock is like a cow's feather", each has its own plans, the Central Plains are leaderless, people have a long hope, "one is one xing, die is the male", to preserve themselves, to develop themselves as the principle, Mongolia to Mongolia, Jin to from Jin, Song to Song. In short, whoever has the greatest strength will obey whom, and Chao Qin and Mu Huali will make full use of these "powerful forces" to expand their territory.
In 1217, Muhuali attacked Shandong and other places in Hebei Province, capturing the cities of Lizhou, Daming, Yidu, and Mizhou.
In August 1218, Jin's new Zhongdu remained in Zhang Rou and led his troops to fight with Muhua Li at Wolf's Tooth Ridge, Zhang Rou was captured, and Muhua Li knew that Zhang Rou was a generation of heroes, and Zhang Rou surrendered to Mu Huali.
This Zhang Rou was young and passionate, good at riding and shooting, and was famous for his heroism. During the Jin Dynasty, thieves in Hebei swarmed, and Zhang Rou organized the local people, selected Qingzhuang, and formed an armed force, and The Village of Dongshan in Dingxing, Baoyi Prefecture (present-day Dingxing County, Conservative City) was in Xishan. Later, he was awarded the Dingxing Order by Miao Daorun, a slight envoy of Jin Zhongdu, and was promoted to the defense envoy of Qingzhou, and accompanied Miao Daorun to resist the Mongol army, and repeatedly made military achievements.
Zhang Rou's surrender favored Muhua Lijingjing in the Central Plains, and ordered him to still use his original post to command the men and horses of his headquarters, capture the cities of Xiong, Yi, An, and Bao, and hold the army in Mancheng to control this area.
Subsequently, Muhua Li moved to Shanxi, taking the first Han Marquis Shi Tianni and Shi Tianxiang brothers as the vanguard, and captured more than ten cities such as Taiyuan and Pingyang.
In 1220 AD, the prefectures of Liankexing, Xiang, Wei, and Huai, with their troops pointing directly at Jinan. Stationed here were the landlords who were heavily armed, strictly seeing through the corrupt and incompetent Jin Ting regime and the Southern Song Dynasty regime, and descending to Mongolia with 300,000 households under their control, such as Zhangde, Daimyo, Ci, and Huan, Muhua Li daxi, and granted Yanshi Jin ZiGuanglu the Grand Master, Shandongxi Road Xing Shangshu Province, and managed the military and civilians of the headquarters.
Yan Shi was extremely prestigious in Shandong, and led his troops to conquer Caozhou, Puyang, and Shan Prefecture, and then attacked Dongping, so the western part of Shandong was under the jurisdiction of Yan Shi and established a province.
It can be said that the attachment of Zhang Rou and Yan Shi has greatly increased Mu Huali's strength, like a tiger.
In 1221, Muhua Li's division attacked Shanxi and Shaanxi, with Shi Tianying and Shi Tianxiang as the vanguard, crossing the river from Dongsheng and capturing Yezhou, leaving Shi Tianying to guard; Subsequently, he captured the prefectures of Suide, Yan, and Fang, and crossed the Yellow River from Danzhou to the east to take Kuizhou.
In the winter of 1222 AD, MuhuaLi led an army across the river to the west and captured Tongzhou, Puzhou and other places.
In March 1223, Muhua Li fell ill and returned to Shanxi, where he died in Wenxi County, Shanxi, a generation of famous generals, ending his lifelong career as a horseman.
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