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In thermal carrier solar cells, the design and performance of the absorber are critical. The main task of the absorber is to capture the thermal radiation emitted by a hot object and convert it into light energy. Slow carrier cooling absorbers is key to achieving this. Photocarriers enter a non-equilibrium state after absorbing photons, and the carrier distribution can be brought to equilibrium by elastic carrier-carrier scattering. In this step, the temperature of the carriers is significantly higher than the lattice temperature, which is the key to overcoming the Shockley-Queisser limit. By using the quantum structure of III-V group materials, especially multi-quantum wells, the cooling rate of optical carriers can be effectively slowed down. This provides better performance and efficiency for thermocarrier solar cells.
In addition to absorbers, selective energy contacts also have an important impact on the performance of thermocarrier solar cells. Energy-selective contact can be seen as a thermoelectric leg, which converts the kinetic energy of photogenerated carriers into voltage. To achieve energy-selective contact, a number of different methods are considered. One approach is to use low-dimensional structures such as quantum dots or double resonance tunneling barriers (DRTBs) to achieve energy level confinement and thus selectively extract photogenerated carriers. The well-known negative differential resistance (NDR) effect was observed experimentally, which demonstrated the potential for selective energy contact. However, too much or too low conductivity can negatively affect the efficiency of HCSCs, so this parameter needs to be carefully balanced.
Regarding the choice of materials, III-V group materials play a crucial role in the development of thermocarrier solar cells. These materials have a wide spectral range, high carrier mobility and the application of Notch technology, which makes hot carrier solar cells have many characteristics such as high efficiency, stability and long life. In recent years, perovskite materials have also been considered as potential absorbers, and although they do not have an optical band gap, they have good thermal properties.
In conclusion, thermocarrier solar cells are a promising energy technology that can efficiently convert thermal energy generated by hot objects into electricity. By optimizing the absorber, selective energy contacts, and material selection, its performance and efficiency can be further improved. Researchers are constantly working to solve the challenges in this field and provide more possibilities for future energy transitions.
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