Israel's natural environment is quite harsh, almost 90% of the land is desert, only 1/5 of the arable land area, not only the country is very poor, the most deadly is the severe lack of water resources. Coupled with very little rainfall in Israel, the annual precipitation is only about 200 mm, accounting for 60% of the country's land area, the average annual rainfall is only about 30 mm, and the rain often evaporates in the air before it falls.
After decades of hard work, Israel now ranks first in the world in research and development centers per capita, and Israel has won the praise of one of the world's top science and technology innovation centers, and it is worth mentioning that Israelis have obtained more patents in the United States than Americans.
Israel's start-ups are incredibly powerful, and Israel has become the country with the highest per capita entrepreneurship rate in the world. From an agricultural point of view, although Israel is a country with serious shortages of water resources and natural resources in the world, it is inconceivable that Israel is one of the most advanced and developed countries in the world.
A country that lives in the desert, but the achievements of agriculture are staggering. For example, Israel's agricultural output can double almost every 10 years, and it is also a global leader in the single output and processing technology of many agricultural products.
Israel has not only created an agricultural miracle, but also become the world's largest exporter of agricultural products, and has become the world's second largest flower supplier after the Netherlands, and is even known as Europe's "winter kitchen", "European orchard", "European vegetable basket". The world is amazed by Israel's agricultural achievements, all of which come from the use of technology. Here are 10 technologies in Israeli agriculture:
Israel's superb breeding techniques
Israel attaches great importance to the cultivation of excellent animal and plant varieties, and its developed biotechnology has enabled Israel to create the most advanced breeding technology in the world. The tomatoes cultivated by the Israelites have a good color, are easy to store, especially have a long shelf life, and have a high commodity value;
Seedless watermelons can be cultivated individually and color-controlled according to customer requirements; Hostan cows, which have the world's largest milk production, are genetically engineered; There are also the use of bioengineering to cultivate new varieties of flowers; For example, various hybrid cotton has been cultivated, not only longer fiber, stronger and stronger, but also very high yield, but also saves fresh water, and some varieties can show natural brown and green color;
Israel is a global leader in fingerling breeding; The Israelites also found ways to reduce the fighting between laying hens and developed an imitation of poultry that effectively stimulated the poultry to attack it, resulting in a significant increase in egg production. The Israelites developed seeds that resisted disease, increased yields and quality, and saved water in hot climates. Currently, Israel can export $30 million a year of seeds to the world.
In Europe, 40% of tomatoes grown in greenhouses are made from seeds produced in Israel, and in some countries, the proportion of Israeli seeds used was as high as 98%.
Israel has a very developed scientific research system. Typically, each new variety has a life cycle of about three to four years, and then it is replaced by another new product. It takes about 5 years from the development of a new variety to its commercialization. Therefore, before a product is launched, the research and development plan for the next updated product is already underway. The cycle continues, and the old and the old are renewed, so that Israel's new variety technology is always at the global leading level.
Through plant engineering, genetic engineering, hybridization and genetic modification, Israel continues to improve the disease resistance of seeds and the adaptability of crops, so that they can adapt to the natural environment such as land climate, soil and water, so as to produce green agricultural products with high added value and high nutritional value.
Israel has also set up the world's first plant repository for wild cereals, which now holds 80,000 seeds of different genetic genes.
Israel's ingenious insecticidal technology
Israel used to be the world's largest producer of common agrochemicals.
Israel has invested heavily in biocidal technology, creating a spider that specializes in eating small strawberries and has been exported to California.
For example, Israeli agricultural scientists have developed a "love potion" specifically designed to deal with the harm of grape mealybugs, a pest that destroys grapes.
This potion extracts the "pheromone" substance (note, definitely not a chemical insecticide) that the female mealybug casts before mating, and before the female mealybug reaches mating season, the farmers release this "love potion", so that the smell of "pheromones" fills every corner of the farmland.
Once male mealybugs smell "pheromones", they frantically look for female mealybugs. At this time, the female mealybug has not yet entered the mating period, so the male mealybug will constantly look for the female mealybug, but never find it. In the end, the male mealybug can only die of exhaustion. In addition, without male mealybugs, female mealybugs cannot reproduce, thus avoiding the possibility of pests constantly reproducing. It can be seen that the Israelites are not only wise but also wise.
In addition, the Israelis also applied the physical method of covering the greenhouse with a fine-porous nylon mesh to prevent pests from flying in.
Eighty-five per cent of Israel's citrus plantations have integrated pest management and "poison against poison" uses natural organisms such as wasps or certain insects to effectively deal with pests, with the aim of minimizing the use of chemicals. According to research in Israeli agriculture, Evogene in Rehovot has successfully isolated specific genes in microorganisms that may have "pesticidal properties" and can fight many types of pests.
Israel has the world's best biocidal technology, thanks to Israel's strong support for biotechnology research and development. The government has given strong support through legislation, the establishment of specialized institutions, the establishment of technology research and development cooperation platforms, especially the preferential policies of tax exemption and exemption for biotechnology projects. Israel's highly qualified human resources provide its most important guarantee.
Traditional insecticidal technology is very unfriendly and harmful to humans. For example, pesticides are often used in agricultural aircraft, tractors, crop sprayers, and seed dressings suitable for crop pest control. But successful control of pesticide use is not easy: first, the right formulation must be selected, second, timing is also critical, third, application methods are particularly important, crops must be properly covered and retained, and the killing of natural enemies of pests should be minimized. In the long run, the use of indiscriminate doses of pesticides is very harmful, and the efficacy of chemical pesticides diminishes over time, because in the surviving organisms, their genes are passed on to their offspring, resulting in the formation of antibodies.
Israel's superb water-saving technology
As a desert country, Israel suffers from a severe shortage of fresh water, and it has made great efforts to conserve it. To collect rainwater, for example, the Israelis developed a tool to make small holes in the ground so that rainwater is not lost, which alone can increase wheat yields by 500 kilograms per hectare.
Israelis have also developed reusable plastic trays that collect dew from the air, reducing the amount of water needed for crops or trees by up to 50%. In order to reduce the cost of water, Israel has also vigorously developed technologies such as brackish water irrigation and water-saving agriculture, which has been successful.
Israel is multifaceted and goes hand in hand. First of all, the Israeli government protects and attaches importance to water resources from the legislative perspective: successive Israeli governments have established a relatively complete system of laws and regulations on water resources management. In the early days of the establishment of the State of Israel, a draft of the Water Law was drafted, and in 1959 the basic law of Israel's water resources management was adopted, the Water Resources Law, which stipulated that all water resources in Israel were owned by the state, that the state managed the national water resources in a unified manner, and that the water rights and quotas of various undertakings were uniformly arranged, and that everyone had the right to water, but that water resources could not be salinized or depleted;
Secondly, Israelis are very conscious of water conservation, and Israel is the first country in the world to mandate the use of dual-flush toilets. This alone saves about half of the toilet water, saving an average of 1,700 gallons of water per citizen, for a total of approximately 13.5 billion gallons of water.
Third, the Israeli Ministry of Environmental Protection stipulates and recommends many specific details and measures to save water in the "Recommendations for Water Conservation": for example, dripping water from the air conditioning drainage system can be used to water potted plants and garden plants at home; Turn off the faucet in time between brushing teeth, soaping, and washing dishes; Start the dishwasher after it has filled its bowls; start the washing machine after it has been filled with clothes; Installing devices to control the flow of water on kitchen and bathroom faucets, and requiring regular checks for leaks in faucets in the home, etc., Israelis are deeply aware of water conservation.
Each year, the Israel Water Board sets and allocates water quotas for different water users. In order to encourage people to conserve water, Israel has made it possible for agricultural producers to pay a fee based on their water consumption as a percentage of their water quota. Each year, the water commission gives 70 percent of the quota to agricultural operators, who then allocate the remaining quota based on total precipitation.
The Israelis truly do the most out of every drop of water. Omar, an Israeli agricultural expert, has said that the disinfectant water used to clean potatoes is not directly discharged, but is treated and purified in the purification tank before it is used for spray irrigation on the farm.
Israel's large-scale livestock farms almost all use a very complete water cycle system, such as animal waste will be centrally transported to the garbage disposer for water and fecal separation, purified water for cow cleaning, cowshed cooling, and finally purified and then used for vegetation irrigation, these water recycling policy measures can not only save water, but also greatly reduce the risk of biological pollution, maximize the protection of the ecological environment.
Israel's sewage recycling system provides the country with a large amount of fresh water. According to statistics, Israel's sewage recycling rate ranks first in the world! Israel's strong sewage recycling capacity provides Israel with a large amount of fresh water for irrigation every year.
The Middle East is almost the most water-scarce place in the world, and it can be said that "water is as expensive as oil". Although countries in the Middle East are strong by exporting oil, the price of fresh water in most Middle Eastern countries is relatively expensive.
Israel's fine irrigation techniques
Israel is a magical presence among all Middle Eastern countries, because more than two-thirds of Israel's land area is desert and dryland, and it is one of the most scarce countries in the world for fresh water resources, but the price of fresh water in Israel is quite low in the entire Middle East.
Israel's first Prime Minister, Ben Ahmed. Gurion once said that Israel's economic future lies in the southern deserts. In Israel, water is considered the lifeblood of the desert conversion. It took Israel $150 million and 11 years to complete the 145-kilometer North-South Water Transfer pipeline starting in 1952, but traditional irrigation methods have slowed the desert reconstruction.
In 1962, a farmer in Israel stumbled upon a phenomenon in which crops were growing so vigorously at leaks in water pipes that researchers believed that water penetrating into the soil at the same point was the most effective way to increase cooling, efficient irrigation, and control water, fertilizer, and pesticides. This revolutionary irrigation method immediately gained strong government support, and as a result, the world-famous Netafim drip irrigation company was born in 1964.
After the invention of drip irrigation, the total amount of water used in agriculture in Israel has been stable at about 1.3 billion cubic meters for 30 years, but eventually agricultural production has more than fivefold.
In order to maximize water conservation, Israel has made outstanding contributions to human survival through the invention of drip irrigation, which was applied to agricultural production more than 30 years ago, and has now been extended to many countries around the world.
The so-called drip irrigation principle is simple, that is, let the water drip into the roots of each plant in a balanced way. Drip irrigation is the most efficient water and nutrient delivery system for crops. Drip irrigation delivers the right amount of water and nutrients directly to the roots of the plant at the right time, so that each plant receives the right nutrients and water for fast and high-quality growth.
After using drip irrigation, not only can crops obtain higher yields and excellent quality, but also can maximize water saving, greatly reduce the evaporation and loss of water in the irrigation process, and maximize fertilizer and labor savings.
Water and nutrients are transported throughout the plot through drip pipes, inside which are equipped with a dripper at intervals and droplets containing water and fertilizer flow evenly from the dripper, allowing water and nutrients to be evenly distributed to the root area of each plant.
In fact, plants often get water and nutrients in a balanced way, too much and too little is not beneficial to plants and crops, just as people cannot eat a year's worth of food a day, crops and plants are the same, drip irrigation often with appropriate, small doses of water and nutrients to ensure the best growth conditions of plant crops, thereby helping crops and plants achieve higher yields.
Moreover, Israel's irrigation method is controlled by a solar-powered computer, using a plastic pipe irrigation system to seal the water transmission, and slowly and evenly deliver fertilizer and medicinal water to plant roots or spray on stems and leaves at the right time and in the right amount. According to statistics, the application of this technology can save 90% of water, save 50% of energy, and increase production by about 30% on average.
By 2050, the earth will reach about 10 billion people, per capita arable land will be reduced by about 20%, in the energy of crops and plants to meet human living conditions, coupled with the increasing shortage of water resources, so human beings urgently need a way to improve agricultural productivity and production efficiency, drip irrigation is therefore particularly important, because drip irrigation can help farmers increase the yield of crops per unit of square meter of land, especially to save water resources.
Israel's drip irrigation system has developed to more than the sixth generation, almost more than 80 countries around the world have adopted Israeli drip irrigation technology, and Israel's famous Netafim drip irrigation enterprise once reached 230 million US dollars, and 80% of drip irrigation equipment is exported.
Drip irrigation has clearly changed the traditional irrigation model, and today Israel is dotted with drip irrigation pipes, especially along roads. Especially for black plastic water storage tanks with a diameter of more than 1 meter in the field, the computer of the drip irrigation system will automatically penetrate the water containing fertilizers and pesticides into the roots of the plants.
Israel's smart warehousing technology
In order to maintain the freshness of food, Israel designed and invented the barn, which was invented by Professor Shlomo Navarro, an international food technical advisor, a huge bag that can both retain moisture and expel air, and its use has spread all over the world.
Israel's storage technology has in-depth research on the biology of stored grain pests, the application technology of phosphine, physical insecticide, etc., and its results are obvious, effectively ensuring the country's food security.
Our post-production and grain storage loss rate once reached 8%~10%, and the annual food loss caused by stored grain pests was about 0.2%, and the economic loss was as high as more than 1 billion yuan. With the rapid growth of the planting area of organic food crops such as rice, wheat, soybeans and sorghum in the mainland, organic food production has become one of the important components of organic agriculture in the mainland, the storage quantity of organic grain is increasing, the problem of pest control of organic stored grain is prominent, and the organic product standard has strict restrictions on pest control inputs, therefore, solving the problem of pest control during organic food storage is of great significance to the development of organic food industry.
Since growth, development and reproduction are directly affected by temperature, the suitable temperature range of most grain storage insects is 18 °C ~ 32 °C, and low and high temperature are not conducive to the survival of grain storage insects. Food moisture also affects the growth and development of pests, under certain temperature conditions, the lower the moisture content of food, the lower the survival rate of pests.
Under the right temperature, the moth-eating pest maize elephant cannot live when the moisture content of the food is below 8%, and the adult female can only lay eggs when the moisture content is above 9%. In the process of grain storage, it is recommended to reduce the moisture content of grain as much as possible in a low temperature environment, and at the same time ensure that grain containing safe moisture enters the warehouse. Therefore, while studying the technology suitable for themselves, they should strengthen technical exchanges with Israel to ensure the effectiveness and safety of grain storage.
Moreover, on the basis of the research results and promotion and application of grain storage and pest control technology, from the aspects of economy, safety and effectiveness, a set of pest ecological control system that meets the standards of organic products and is suitable for organic food storage should be established, and the research and promotion of grain storage ecological factor regulation technology based on grain storage ecosystem, such as low temperature storage and modified atmosphere storage technology, should be carried out.
The Israelites were not only intelligent but also ambitious! Sam Fiorello, chief operating officer of Donald Danvers Plant Science Center, a nonprofit scientific research center that develops plant science and technology, said, "We really had no choice." By 2050, we will have to feed more people, and we need to produce the food we have produced for the past 8,000 years in the next 35 years. To achieve this, we will make use of all available tools, and genetic modification is a technology that cannot be ruled out. ”
Systematic farming techniques in Israel
Israel's dairy farming technology is also world-renowned. In particular, the use of computer technology to raise dairy cows is a major technological feature of Israel. Israel's veterinary centers, breeding centers, and feed centers have all established a national information network system, and each farm is equipped with cow management software to monitor the whole process from the birth to the sale of cows.
It is worth mentioning that the technical data of each stage of cow growth can be collected in time, so as to track and detect problems in time. Israeli breeding experts, veterinary experts and nutrition experts share data through scientific analysis of the comprehensive data of dairy farms, and put forward their own views and suggestions.
Israel is an extremely water-scarce country, due to land conditions and lack of labor, most of the Israeli farms are highly intensive farming mode, Israel's mechanization, electrification is very high.
For example, Israel's fish farming industry generally controls the functions of baiting, water change, oxygenation, dissolved oxygen and water temperature detection through setting programs in production, and even vaccination and fish collection are all mechanized.
Even outdoor dense farms, most of which use circulating filtered water to oxygenate, stocking densities are very high, and Israelis use computers to control baiting, water flow and dissolved oxygen, so that aquaculture and mechanical automation control are closely integrated. It is worth mentioning that aquaculture water has been recycled many times, and the principle of zero discharge has been basically realized.
Israel's highly intensive farming model can effectively solve problems such as water pollution. In Israel, no matter what climate and what kind of environment the land of Israel is, Israelis can adapt to local conditions, according to their original conditions, research the most suitable breeding technology and program, Israelis developed technology, not necessarily the most advanced, but must be the most reasonable, the most practical.
For example, Israeli scientist Dr. Yossi Tal and Hebrew University professor Jaap van Rijn, the creator of the system, developed an environmental condition that allows fish to be farmed on land without changing water or using chemicals.
This system is called a zero-emission system. GFA Advanced Systems CEO said: "We use biofilters and specially bred bacteria to clean up the aquatic environment where fish grow, without wasting anything. Such systems can be used to grow saltwater fish around the world, even in deserts thousands of miles from the ocean. ”
Later, they used the GFA system's reservoir to fill it with water and put some fish in it, and then added GFA bacteria. These bacteria will dispose of nitrogen and organic waste from fish in the tank, without emitting a little water, and the only liquid exchange is to add new water to replenish the water that has evaporated. Therefore, with the purified water of the product, the fish in the pool taste better, because the fish always grow in clean water.
The system is suitable for large-capacity aquaculture, with up to 100 kg of fish per cubic metre of water. Since fish can be farmed in any environmental conditions, including large cities, it is important that the harvested fish are shipped to the market and sold in time, which helps farmers reduce the time cost of transportation.
Israel's world's largest sewage treatment plant was selected by the United Nations as a global model sewage treatment plant in 2012. The igudan sewage treatment plant is responsible for the domestic and industrial sewage treatment of nearly 2.5 million people in the greater Tel Aviv area, treating more than 300,000 tons of sewage per day.
The plant adopts the latest biological wastewater treatment technology, using a device called "biomass carrier", which can provide more space and conditions for bacteria to grow and consume more biological waste, and use natural filtration of sand to improve the quality of wastewater.
The wastewater is purified by the equipment and re-injected into the ground, and filtered again by sand, which significantly improves the water quality. In particular, the treated reclaimed water is channeled through designated pipelines into dozens of reservoirs distributed in the southern Negev Desert for agricultural irrigation. Therefore, Israelis are constantly using their brains to solve water conservation problems, ecological problems, and survival problems.
Israel's amazing "soil" research and development technology
Almost every foreigner who flies with Israel is given a promotional map booklet that reads "Israel, a land of milk and honey."
Israel's founding president, Weizmann, said, "Just give us a bowl of water and a seed, and this nation will survive." ”
Why do Israelites have such confidence?
The reason is that Israel's agricultural science and technology is highly developed, and is the world's leading country in the development of agricultural science and technology, Israel not only achieved food self-sufficiency, achieved extremely rich food types, but also its own agricultural products into the European Union with the highest quality standards, this is Israel, extremely scarce natural resources, extremely developed modern agriculture, Israelis from resigned to fate, to man-made, constantly creating miracles!
Almost 90% of Israel's land is desert, only 1/5 of the arable land, the country is very barren, in order to compensate for this cruel harsh environment, the Israelis developed a new "soil", this "soil" at 1000 degrees heat to form a substance called vermiculite, with good ventilation and maintain much more moisture than self-heavier. It is equivalent to increasing the planting area and using it to grow crops, achieving a substantial increase in yield.
Professor Ayar Bendor of the Department of Geography at Tel Aviv University in Israel has developed an optical soil monitor that helps researchers and farmers understand soil conditions and monitor the environmental impact of climate change.
It can use the capacitor bypass method to determine the circuit part with a high probability of failure, after inserting the soil, real-time information about pollution and soil composition can be obtained, and the capacitor is connected to the power supply and ground end of the IC, and farmers can grasp the mineral composition of the soil through it, so that they can know where is suitable for farming in time.
For example, after nearly three decades of research in Israel, Professor David Levy of the Hebrew University has developed potatoes that can be grown in hot and dry climates and irrigated with salt water.
Potatoes are one of the world's most important sources of food and nutrition, but humans have never heard of growing in a hot desert region like the Middle East, but the Israelis did.
Professor Levy said that in order to increase understanding between Israel and its neighbours, Israel met with Israeli scientists through scientists and officials from Jordan, Egypt, Lebanon and Morocco to share Israel's own knowledge and establish information and technology exchanges, so as to achieve knowledge sharing and information sharing.
Israel's world-leading greenhouse technology
Israel has a reputation as Europe's "winter kitchen" and its technology benefits from world-leading greenhouse control technology.
Greenhouse agriculture in Israel is currently updated for 3 generations. Israeli greenhouses are very strong and can withstand very strong winds. Israelis use computers to automatically control water, fertilizer, temperature, humidity, gas, and dimming, including automatic control of curtains and skylights, as well as automatic reflection systems of sunlight. For example, citrus, through the adjustment of moisture, fertilizer and light, the fruiting period can be up to 8 months, can be picked in multiple batches, and does not affect the next year's citrus hanging fruit, there is no difference between large and small years.
Israeli farmers can harvest 200,000 roses and 20 tons of tomatoes in one season in 1 acre of greenhouses, and tomatoes grown in ordinary fields produce only 1/4 of its yield.
It is worth mentioning that greenhouses can be built in areas with very poor soil quality, because their watering systems can solve the problem of water shortage, curtains and skylights can adjust the exposure of daylight, and carry out temperature control.
Israel attaches great importance to the development and utilization of films, and the plastic films produced by it are very durable, most importantly, resistant to the corrosion of sulfides in insecticides, and can also block the harmful part of the spectrum of plants in sunlight.
In addition to films, Israeli greenhouses still use computer automatic control of water, fertilizer, automatic temperature control, humidity control, gas adjustment, dimming, including curtains and skylights, and automatic reflection system for sunlight.
Miraculously, Israel has also developed a new membrane that allows pests to die immediately when touched. Another new technology film effectively protects against ultraviolet rays, reduces pest activity and prevents the rose petals from darkening.
Israeli high-tech makes greenhouses more advanced. For example, Israel's modern high-tech greenhouse can cool down during the day and automatically heat up at night, and the energy consumption is also very small. Advanced computer software manufacturers maintain close contact with farmers and provide farmers with the most advanced and effective solutions. Israeli greenhouses have been exported all over the world.
Israel's amazing soilless cultivation techniques
Israeli agriculture is extremely developed in the world, soilless cultivation technology is at the leading level in the world, known as the back garden of Europe, Israel's fruits and vegetables have no additives, no preservatives, no catalysts, and a wide variety.
Israel uses soilless cultivation technology, which is to plant some crops such as fruits and vegetables in completely artificially controlled "artificial climate chambers", thus getting rid of the geographical and climatic limitations of cultivation conditions. The Israelis used soilless cultivation techniques not only to avoid the problems of pests and diseases caused by the use of soil as a medium for plant growth, but also to control irrigation and mechanize agriculture. Tomatoes in Israel's "climate chamber" set a record for the highest yield of 500 tons per hectare.
East China, one of the largest single agricultural exhibition demonstration halls, the largest vegetable factory in the country, all adopt Israeli sand cultivation, hydroponics, coir planting and other advanced soilless cultivation technologies, planting tomatoes, cucumbers, celery, oil wheat, red leaf beets and other vegetables 17 categories, including as many as 14 varieties of tomatoes.
The United States has long used soilless cultivation technology in navigation and space, the United States during World War II, in order to meet the problem of eating vegetables for the naval and aircraft carrier Shanghai officers and men stationed on the island, it used substrate cultivation and hydroponic technology to produce fresh vegetables such as cucumbers, tomatoes, lettuce, etc., at the same time, the United States also carried out plant cultivation in spacecraft on the space station for astronauts' demand for fresh food.
Whether soilless cultivated vegetables have safety problems depends on the technical links of raw materials, water quality, materials and whether pesticides are used in the production process of preparing nutrient solution.
In China, Guo Lei is a former Chinese diplomat in Israel. He has a "magical greenhouse" in Dongxiao Village in Weifang, Shandong. Ordinary greenhouses can produce four seasons a year, up to 8 seasons, but his greenhouse can produce 18 seasons a year. Guo Lei is the owner of this "magic greenhouse", and before planting this greenhouse, he was so impressed by Israel's soilless cultivation technology that he thought about returning home to start a business.
In 2015, Guo Lei and his partner found in Israel built a sun greenhouse. In an interview with CCTV, he said: "I have never regretted it, I can't give up, the key depends on personal pursuit, I feel that doing business is more suitable for me." "
Israel's ingenious and magical desert fish farming technology
There are 70 fish ponds of various sizes in the Gobi, a desert in northeastern Israel, which is the Tirattse Vibz Fish Farm in the Jordan Valley. Tirattse Vikibz is located in the desert and the climate is hot, but Israeli fishermen have broken through harsh natural conditions and built artificial fish ponds.
Akiwa Aighel is a manager in Vickibuz, Tirattce, Israel, who has been farming for more than 30 years.
Water is undoubtedly crucial in fish farming, and due to the scarcity of fresh water in the Jordan Valley, Egueil and his companions set their sights on the salinity of the local groundwater.
The high salinity of groundwater is not suitable for farming, but it is suitable for fish farming, and this water does not need to be treated for fry hatchery and grow-out culture. Aigel's location is more than 200 meters below sea level, the terrain is low, and groundwater flows from the adjacent mountains, which is suitable for introducing fish ponds.
According to him, the groundwater in the area is geothermal water, even in winter, the water temperature is not lower than 14 degrees Celsius, there is no need to heat the fish pond, suitable for fish growth.
In the production process of feeding, water change, oxygenation, fishing, etc., Tirattse Vikkibz automatically controls the operation of each fish pond through the computer, which greatly saves labor costs while ensuring the safety of breeding and the quality of fish. The 70 fish ponds cover a total area of 140 hectares, but only 20 people are engaged in fish farming.
Fish was a particular favorite food of the Israelites.
Scientists at Israel's GFA have also developed a new method of raising marine fish in the desert. They use biofilters and a specially cultured bacterium to treat wastewater from the fish farming process. To use it, nitrogen and other organic waste generated during fish farming can be treated simply by adding this hybrid microorganism to the tank of fish farming.
The system is said to be available anywhere in Israel, including deserts thousands of miles above the sea. In 2010, GFA's technology was used in the United States and about 100 tons of sea bream, sea bass and tilapia were produced.
Israel is a country with extreme water shortages, but Israel has achieved many agricultural miracles, and the survival of this people is amazing.
Israel has contributed considerably to the development of science and technology in the world. Israeli scientists have made outstanding contributions to genetics, computer science, optics, engineering and other technological industries.
Source: CARMS Smart Agriculture and Digital Village Chapter