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Phthalates play an important role as plasticizers in many products in the world today. However, the substance is classified as an endocrine-disrupting compound, raising concerns about its accumulation and contamination in soil. As one of the largest consumers of phthalates, a series of human activities may contribute to the pollution of phthalates in the soil. In order to gain insight into the current contamination situation and find appropriate remediation, we need to review the potential sources of phthalates in the soil, their distribution, and the status of contamination.
First, we need to recognize that phthalates play a major role in the application of agricultural plastic films, municipal biosolids, and agrochemicals. These factors, together with multiple factors such as seasonal changes and soil type, jointly determine the distribution of phthalates in the soil. Notably, soil phthalate concentrations in most parts of the mainland have exceeded the recommended values of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's soil cleanup guidelines, which has led to contamination of vegetables with phthalates in the soil.
Not only that, but phthalates also have toxic effects on soil microorganisms and enzymes. Therefore, we must think about how to remediate soils contaminated with phthalates. The methods of remediation include degradation, phytoremediation and adsorption.
The distribution of phthalates in soil, as mentioned earlier, is influenced by a variety of factors. The concentration of phthalates in the soil in most parts of the mainland exceeds the standard, especially vegetables. In addition, the toxicity of phthalates to soil microorganisms and enzymes cannot be ignored.
Phytoremediation is an effective method that uses plants to remove or break down contaminated substrates. The benefits of phytoremediation are that they are relatively inexpensive and environmentally friendly. However, in the case of high concentrations of pollutants, plant growth may be limited, which can limit the effectiveness of restoration. Therefore, when selecting plants for phytoremediation, it is necessary to consider the species of plants and growth requirements.
Crucially, we need to develop management policies tailored to China's national conditions to establish reliable monitoring methods and evaluation standards to protect the environment, food and human health.
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