India succeeded!
Chandrayaan-3 successfully landed at the southern tip of the moon, setting two records in one fell swoop:
The first country to make a soft landing on the south pole of the Moon
The fourth country in the world to land on the moon
After the news of India's successful moon landing, Indian netizens drew a picture of the reaction of countries around the world after hearing the news of India's moon landing at home. India cried with joy, and Russia cried with hurt. This corresponds to the fact that Russia did not go to the moon, and Pakistan was not happy. NASA was also not happy, even a little frustrated.
Still, India doesn't blame the United States. India was able to land on the moon because of the support of the United States. NASA and the European Space Agency provide India with a survey and control network. Among them, ESA's 35-meter antenna in New Norway, Australia, was used in the Chandrayaan-3 mission, which tracked the transmitter during descent and maintained contact with the ground.
For India, the success of the moon landing is worth celebrating, but they are even more depressed. If they knew the moon landing would be successful, they would bring more scientific equipment. This time they made a mistake and brought fewer scientific instruments, but there was nothing they could do. This led India to opt for a bizarre spin, which requires a lot of fuel to successfully land on the moon.
India on the moon: who is more advanced than China?
After India's successful moon landing, some people compared it with China's lunar landing technology. The reason is also simple. Both China and India are developing countries and the only countries to have successfully landed on the moon since the 24th lunar calendar of the Soviet Union in 1976. Other countries: Israel, Japan, Russia have not landed on the moon.
Compared with India's lunar landing capabilities, we all know that there is a gap, but how big is the gap? If India wants to catch up with the mainland, what else needs to be done?
rocket
First, China and India landed on the moon using different orbits. The track chosen by China is the Hohmann transfer track, which requires two thrusters on the road and is more fuel-efficient than other tracks.
India's choice has been turned upside down. Whenever Earth reaches perigee, it ignites and pushes itself into apogee orbit. It then rotates slowly until it enters the Earth-Moon transfer orbit. It is useless to lose. fuel, which is why Chandrayaan-3 will not carry more scientific instruments.
Due to the different missile capabilities, China and India chose different orbits. China's Chang'e-3 has 3.8 tons, and India's Chandrayan-3 has 3.9 tons. The difference is not that big. Chang'e-3 uses a Long March 3B carrier rocket. The geosynchronous transfer orbit payload is 5.5 tons, and the Chandrayan-3 uses LVM3 and the geosynchronous transfer orbit payload is about 4 tons.
India's LVM3 is currently India's most powerful missile. China also has the Long March 5 and Long March 10, which are still under development. When they succeed, they can send people to the moon. Moreover, China's chosen orbit can take people to the moon, but India's strange choice of orbit cannot take people to the moon, because it takes 40 days to land on the moon, and astronauts are not safe to eat and drink. , and rest.
spy
Since the track chosen by Chang'e-3 is relatively fuel-efficient, it does not need to carry much fuel. The remaining space is available for scientific payloads, including the Lunar Optical Telescope, high-energy ultraviolet cameras, panoramic cameras, lunar radar, and infrared imaging spectrometers. , X-ray excitation spectrometer and other scientific instruments.
The lunar rover "Jade Rabbit" carried by Chang'e-3 weighs 137 kilograms. It was originally planned to operate on the moon for 3 months, but ended up on the moon for 972 days, exceeding the mission.
India's Chandrayan-3 would require multiple deorbits along its way, which would consume a lot of fuel and leave limited space for science payloads.
Chandrayaan-3 consists of an orbiter module, a lunar rover and a lunar rover. The control compartment is almost empty, only scientific cargo 1. Pilots carry cargo 4. The Pragyan lunar rover carries 2 radios with X-rays and lasers. Payload.
The Chandrayaan-3 lunar rover weighs only 26 kilograms and has a structural life of only 14 days and 1 month. He could not spend the night on the moon because his life was limited and his distance to the moon was short. It can detect scientific results and is also relatively small.
Measurement and control networks
Deep space probes and control networks were associated with a successful lunar landing. In order to ensure the success of Chang'e-3 moon landing, in addition to domestic deep space exploration and control stations such as Kashgar and Jiamusi, the mainland has also established an external detection and control station, the Tarawa Measurement Station, in Argentina. and control station. (abandoned after the coup), Namibian monitoring and control stations, etc., these are ground monitoring and control stations. In addition, the mainland also has oceanographic survey ships based on Yuanwang, as well as Tianlian-1 and 2 data transmission satellites to support the operation and flight of Chang'e-3.
India's moon landing was sponsored by NASA and the European Space Agency. India's monitoring and control network is not enough to support its moon landing.
While this is a good thing for India, there are also hidden risks. The upside is that India can borrow NASA's power to land on the moon, and the downside is that the United States is not a good person either. When India's economic growth threatens the United States, the United States will not show mercy. The blockade and sanctions against India have made the aerospace industry too dependent on the United States. If blocked, the aerospace industry would be severely damaged.
Lunar landing engine
China's Chang'e-3 adopts a 7500N variable thrust engine, which can adjust the thrust by 16% to 110%; India uses four 800N variable thrust engines.
Of course, the 7500N thrust engine is more advanced, because there is only one, and the failure rate is much lower than four. In addition, high-thrust variable-thrust engines can meet the needs of lunar landing at all stages of the lunar landing, while ensuring landing. The stability of the Moon. All four engines need to adapt simultaneously to changes in thrust. As soon as one of the engines begins to slow down, or the thrust is too great, the movement of the loader gets out of control. Chandrayaan-2 "somersault" during the descent phase, causing direct thrust from the engine. Facing the sky instead of the lunar surface, as soon as the engine worked, the lunar rover crashed directly into the moon, and the mission failed.
Although Chandrayaan-3 learned the lessons of Chandrayaan-2, the engines did not make much progress. It changed the five engines of the Chandrayaan-2 to four.
India's successful moon landing is certainly to be congratulated, but we also see that China is far ahead in lunar landing technology. There is no need to envy India for the success of its moon landing, because we have better. #Today's hot news headlines##印度 Chandrayaan-3 probe landed on the moon# #莫迪展开国旗庆祝登月 India's ambassador this month# #