#历史真相官 #
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" > written in front:</h1>
Statue of Emperor Wu of Wei
Cao Cao, also spelled Mengde, nicknamed Ah Qi, was a famous politician, military strategist, writer and calligrapher in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, and the main founder and pioneer of the Cao Wei regime in the Three Kingdoms. After his son Cao Pi established Wei in the Han Dynasty, he posthumously honored him as Taizu (太祖), and his title was "Wu", so his descendants also called him Emperor Wu of Wei Taizu, or Emperor Wu of Wei for short.
Although Cao Cao was known as Emperor Wu of Wei, he never became emperor throughout his life. That is to say, from the first moment of life, all the way to the last moment of life, he was a Han from beginning to end, from the moment he stepped into his career, until he died, he was a Han Chen from beginning to end.
Cao Cao as Bao Guoan
<h1 class = "pgc-h-center-line" > Cao Cao in the eyes of the world: the adulterous male of the chaotic world</h1>
However, such a pure Han chinese, a pure Han Chen, has been carrying the insult of a chaotic thief who plotted to usurp the throne for more than a thousand years, saying that he "entrusted his name to Han Xiang, but he is actually a Han thief." At the end of the section on Cao Cao's death in the classical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the author quotes a poem by Bai Juyi, a great poet of the Tang Dynasty, who said:
Zhou Gong fears rumor day,
When Wang Mang was humble and did not usurp the throne.
To the angel who died in the first place,
Who knows the truth or falsity of a lifetime?
Novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Trying to explain why Cao Cao did not usurp the throne by saying that Cao Cao died prematurely is obviously far-fetched, so that mao Zonggang, a famous literary and art critic of the Qing Dynasty, commented on the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and could not help but be very confused and repeatedly expressed:
How is that possible? How did Cao Cao not plot to usurp the throne until his death? How could Cao Cao not usurp the throne? Obviously, he has already blackmailed the Princes of Heaven! One more step forward, obviously one more step forward?
Mao Zonggang father and son comments
Mao's father and son are worthy of being everyone who reads, although for a long time they were puzzled, but in the end they turned around and let them figure out why Cao Cao did not seek to usurp the throne until his death--he did not want to usurp the throne, but he did not want to be roasted on the stove.
Thinking of this, the father and son suddenly realized, criticizing, you see Cao Cao is more treacherous, old and dead,
Mao Ben's Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Take a closer look, it seems that there is really a little bit of that meaning. Unfortunately, Mao Zonggang's father and son read novels, and the comments were also novels, and the more novels they read, the easier it was to think about them, and the more they thought about it, the more they thought about it...
In fact, whether it is the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" written by the orthodox official historian Chen Shou of the Western Jin Dynasty or the literary masterpiece "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" that has been rendered and processed many times by countless folk authors, it is inevitable that Cao Cao's attitude toward the Han Dynasty and his relationship with the Han Dynasty will inevitably be more or less mixed with his own feelings.
Chen Shou
<h1 class = "pgc-h-center-line" > second, words are born from the heart: Cao Cao and his poetry</h1>
What exactly did Cao Cao do to the Han Dynasty? Is it faithful? Or do you have two hearts? Leaving aside the Romance of the Three Kingdoms and the Romance of the Three Kingdoms,
Saying goes:. Reading Cao Cao's poems and analyzing Cao Cao's thoughts and thoughts are often more desirable than looking at the historical records and literary interpretations of later generations.
Therefore, if you want to analyze Cao Cao's attitude toward the Han Dynasty, Cao Cao's poems must not be read or carefully read.
Cao Cao
As we all know, Cao Cao was the suzerainty of the literary circle and the leader of the poetry circle during the Jian'an period of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and had outstanding achievements and unique contributions in literary creation, especially poetry creation.
Cao Cao's few poems are full of sentimentality and regret for the Han Dynasty's rule over the rivers and rivers, as well as his noble feelings of unswerving loyalty to the Han Dynasty and the world.
In the poems that express sentimentality, regret and noble feelings, Cao Cao pours out a loyalty and ambition to serve the Han Dynasty and strive to reunite the world.
These poems can be roughly divided into two categories, one is the Zhou Gongdan, a sage of the Zhou Dynasty and the zhou gongdan who assisted king Cheng to create the rule of Kang, indicating that he would assist the king and handle state affairs like the zhou gong.
The first is to directly express his sentimentality and lamentations about the imminent overthrow of the Han Dynasty by depicting the tragic social reality and showing the real ruling situation of the Han Dynasty.
Cao Cao as Chen Jianbin
< h1 class = "pgc-h-center-line" > third, on the poetry of knowing people: Cao Cao's true attitude</h1>
(1) Self-respecting Zhou Gong, loyal and loyal
In Cao Cao's poems, he has compared himself to Zhou Gong more than once. For example, "Short Song Line" (part 1), "Good Deed" (3rd), "Bitter Cold Line" and so on. One of the most well-known is the "Short Song Line" (part 1) poem Cloud:
What is life like for wine?
For example, the morning dew, going to the day is more bitter.
It is unforgettable to be worried.
How to relieve worries? Only Du kang.
Qingqing Zizhen, leisurely my heart.
But for the sake of the king, he has been groaning to this day.
Yo yo deer singing, eating wild apples.
I have guests, drummers and trumpeters.
When will it be as clear as the moon?
Sorrow comes from it, and it cannot be broken.
The more strange it is, the more useless it is.
Talk about the old graces.
Moon stars are rare, and black magpies fly south.
Three turns around the tree, what branches can be relied upon.
The mountains are not tired of height, and the sea is not tired of being deep.
Zhou Gong spits and feeds, and the world returns to its heart.
In the last years of the Han Dynasty, when the princes were divided and the masses were in a chaotic era, the reason why Cao Cao was able to complete the great cause of unifying the north was that in addition to his own great talent, one of the important reasons was that he was thirsty for talents and recruited talents. This is made clear in "Short Song Line".
The direct verses in it truly reveal their urgent mood of recruiting talents, followed by unscrupulous "drumming and blowing", bluntly expressing their joy and joy after getting talents. Subsequently, he also quoted the historical allusions of Zhou Gong to highlight that he was "not tired of high mountains and deep seas" for talents.
Cao Cao not only sought the best and thirsted for talents, knew people and was good at their duties, but also never skimped on rewards for meritorious people, and truly achieved the reward of merit and deeds, and the merits must be rewarded. As he himself said:
"Although the whole world has not yet been determined, I should make a decision with the Magi and the Magi, and enjoy his labor exclusively, so why should I be at peace!" Its promotion of merit is sealed. ”
It can be seen that Cao Cao compared himself to Zhou Gong, not just talking, but practicing what he preached and implementing truthfully.
Cao Cao zhao lixin
In addition to the well-known "Short Song Line", the "Good Song Line" (the third) has "here" spit grip" and the use of Zhou Gong. The central idea of this poem is roughly the same as that of the "Short Song Line", which is to borrow the allusion of Zhou Gong to express his "mountain is not tired of height, the sea is not tired of deep" desire for talent. There is also a poem "Bitter Cold Line":
Go north to the Taihang Mountains, and it is difficult to be majestic!
The sheep's intestines are bent, and the wheels are destroyed.
The trees are hoddy, and the north wind is mourning.
The bear crouched at me, and the tiger and leopard cried in the middle of the road.
There are few people in the valley, and the snow falls on He Feifei!
Long sighs on the neck, and travels far away.
My heart was so depressed that I wanted to go back to the east.
The water is deep and the bridge is broken, and the middle road is wandering.
Nuisance lost road,Akkaure Shukusu.
The day of travel is far away, and the people and horses are hungry at the same time.
The bag is paid, and the axe is held as a slurry.
Sadly, the poem "Dongshan" makes me mourn.
Taihang Mountain picture
"Dongshan" is a famous passage in the Book of Poetry that praises the Duke of Zhou, and the Preface to Mao's Poems says:
According to historical records, King Zhou died violently shortly after the destruction of the Shang, and the successor King of Zhou, King Cheng of Zhou, was still in his infancy, so most of the government was handled by King Wu of Zhou's younger brothers, Zhou Gong and Zhao Gong. Soon, however, the Duke of Zhou, who was in charge of the government in the central government, was suspicious of the ulterior motives of the nobles Guan Shu, Cai Shu, and others. After that, Guan Shu, Cai Shu and others colluded with Wu Geng to launch an armed rebellion on the grounds that Zhou Gong plotted to usurp power. Zhou Gong led the division to personally march, and it took three years to quell this chaos.
The Duke of Zhou became king
Similarly, according to the Book of later Han and the Chronicle of Emperor Xiandi, at the beginning of Cao Cao's welcome to Emperor Xiandi of Han, some people accused him of having bad intentions. In the fifth year of Jian'an, the che general Dong Cheng, the partial general Wang Fu, and the Yue riding lieutenant Zhongji were secretly ordered to murder Cao Cao, and then the self-respecting warlords who occupied mercenaries everywhere denounced Cao Cao as a Han thief, and many people launched military attacks on him on this grounds.
We can imagine that huanghuang saints such as the Duke of Zhou were still suspicious of the ulterior motives of people at the beginning of their reign, not to mention Cao Cao, a foreign-surnamed courtier who "blackmailed the son of heaven to order the princes" after the eunuchs.
(2) Worry about the imperial chamber, and worry about the life of the people
Among the few more than twenty poems handed down by Cao Cao, many of them are documentary works that directly depict the disintegration of the world at the end of the Han Dynasty and the hardships of the people of Li. For example, this song "Artemisia Li Xing":
There are righteous soldiers in the Kanto region, and they are fighting for the masses.
In the early days, the heart was in Xianyang.
The combined forces of the army are uneven, and the geese are hesitant and marching.
Snobbery makes people fight, and they fight each other.
The title of Huainan Brother, engraved in the north.
Armor gives birth to lice, and all surnames die.
White bones are exposed in the wild, and there is no chicken chirping for thousands of miles.
The people of life are left behind, and the thoughts are broken.
Displaced people in a troubled world
In the sixth year of the Eastern Han Dynasty (189), Xiliang assassinated Shi Dongzhuo and entered Beijing, and soon deposed the Han Shao Emperor Liu Xie and established Liu Xie as emperor, calling himself Xiangguo and specializing in the central government. This move caused dissatisfaction among the major local forces, and in the following year of Dong Zhuo's entry into Beijing, they joined forces to attack Dong Zhuo, that is, as the poem calls "there are righteous soldiers in the Kanto region, and they are raising troops to fight against the group."
Under the pressure of various princes' armies, Dong Zhuo was forced to burn Luoyang and move west to Chang'an. Although the "allied forces against Dong" were huge, the princes of all walks of life had selfish intentions, nominally joining forces and supporting the Han Dynasty, but in fact "the combined forces of the armies were uneven", vying for power and profit from each other, and killing each other at every turn.
Yuan Shao stills
In the second year after Dong Zhuo moved the capital, he was removed by Situ Wang Yun, and his subordinates Li Dai and Guo Feng held Emperor Xian hostage, and soon turned against each other and attacked and killed each other, and the Han court completely fell apart. Subsequently, Emperor Xian and his courtiers found an opportunity to flee Chang'an, and arrived in Luoyang for a year, and after a few years, when Emperor Xian of Han could no longer see the glory of the former capital in his eyes. The history books record:
The Son of Heaven entered Luoyang, the palace was burned down, the streets were deserted, and the hundred officials were covered with thorns, and they were between the walls of the hill. The states and counties are all in self-defense, and there is no one to go. Hungry and poor, shang shulang below, self-harvesting, or starving to death between the walls.
Cao Cao and Emperor Xian of Han
It was also in this year that Cao Cao, who witnessed the tragic situation in the capital, wrote another of his "Xue Lu Xing":
However, Han XxII was not sincere.
Mu monkey and crown belt, know small and strong.
Hesitate to break, because hunting the king.
Bai Hong is the first to suffer.
The thief holds the power of the country and kills the lord and destroys Yukyo.
The emperor's foundation was overthrown, and the Jongmyo temple was burned to death.
Spread the west to migrate, crying and doing.
Jupiro City Guo, the micro child for grief.
At this time, although the Han Empire still had the imperial court where tianzi sat, the edict had long been out of order. The century-old imperial industry is facing the danger of collapse, and the Zongmiao Temple often has the danger of "burnt mourning".
Luoyang City
However, at this difficult time when "the sea was shaken and did not know where to go", the princes of all sides did not think of working together to support the Han Dynasty and save the people of Li, but repeatedly staged uneven military forces, "hesitating and marching." Snobbery makes people fight, and they fight each other. The farce, and even the title of "Huainan Brother", engraved in the north. "The great rebellion. In this regard, Cao Cao sighed indignantly:
Self-pity is thin, and he is lonely and miserable.
Neither did he have three migrations, nor did he hear the court language.
Its poverty is like a crack, and it thinks of itself.
Although I have a Ichisuke ambition, it is time for him to be able to do so!
The poor keepers are poor and lowly, and they sigh and weep like rain.
Weeping at the sad husband, begging for peace to see?
I wish to be poor in heaven and evil to the left.
Although he is desperate for loyalty, he is glad to return to his heart.
The fast people sighed and could not tell their feelings.
Manifest heaven teaches people, who knows.
When would I like to go? This sigh is also difficult.
Where will I shine on the light now? Release is not as good as rain.
- "Good Deeds" (Part 2)
Yuan Shu stills
Since Dong Zhuo's rebellion, the princes of all walks of life have either fought desperately for the emperor for fear of falling into the hands of others, or abandoned them for fear of hiding.
Cao Cao was different, and his attitude toward the emperor was: "I wish to be poor in heaven, and Lang evil is tilted to the left." Although he is desperate for loyalty, he is glad to return to his heart. This is by no means Cao Cao's glorification of himself,
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" > written at the end:</h1>
The sentence "The capable minister who governs the world, the adulterous male who is in turmoil" is still the most accurate evaluation of Cao Cao personally so far.
The reason why Cao Cao "committed adultery" was because he was born in a chaotic world and his fate was so. But his adultery is not the adultery of a traitor who commits rebellion and plots to usurp the throne.
On the contrary, he was more loyal to the Han court and the Liu family Tianzi than the princes at that time. This is most sincerely expressed in most of his poems.
Liu Bei, known as Empress Dowager