"Why so much homework? When will it be written? ”
Is this your (baby) learning routine?
Ages
Students seem to have the same attitude towards doing homework
Unbelief? Come and see this homework for Tang Dynasty children
01
The 5-meter-long homework was finally finished
He also wrote poems begging for early school leave
One day in the fourth year of Tang Jinglong (710 AD).
Houfengli, Ningchang Township, Gaochang County, Xizhou (present-day Turpan).
12-year-old Bu Tianshou
Finally finished his homework
More than 5 meters long on the job scroll
(Yes, you read that right, it is more than 5 meters long)
A total of 178 lines, each line is about 20 words
Transcribed neatly
In the Analects annotated by Zheng Xuan, a master of Eastern Han classics
"Eight Oh (yì)", "Liren" and "Gongye Chang" three articles
and the "For Politics" section
At the end of the volume, there are also "Three Lines" and "Thousand Character Text"
and other verses
It is also interspersed with two childlike oil poems
Bu Tianshou OS:
Side books, side readings also have to look sideways!
Who says it's easy!
("Side book" is speculated to be a more complicated way of writing, and it seems that it is really difficult to write)
I finally finished my homework
He inscribed another poem
"Teacher, the homework is finally finished,
Don't be slow!
Tomorrow is a holiday, so get out of school early! ”
(I was so anxious that I also made a typo)
It turns out, for thousands of years
The students' desire to leave school early has not changed!
02
Why this assignment is so important
Between 1959 and 1975
Excavated by archaeologists in Turpan
Roughly from the Sixteen Kingdoms to the Tangxi period
A large number of instruments in multiple languages
They are called "Turpan documents"
This is a somewhat mutilated children's assignment with typos
(Bu Tianshou: There is a typo, why don't you praise me for writing well?) ）
is one of them
Its discovery has great historical value
From a philological point of view
The Analects of Zheng Xuan were lost after the Tang Dynasty
Although many fragments have been unearthed in Dunhuang, Turpan and other places
But Bu Tianshou's homework is better preserved and the longest
Among them, there are 79 articles that have never been seen before
It provides valuable materials for the study of Confucian classics
In addition, "Yixue" refers to the private school of the Tang dynasty
"Righteous Student Bu Tianshou"
Illustrated more than 1200 years ago
The Turpan region of Xinjiang and the Central Plains also have private schools
Learn the same classics Write the same Chinese characters
Suffice it to say
The Tang Dynasty promoted official and private learning
The atmosphere of the imperial examination in society is strong
03
Passes, household registration forms, deeds...
What else does the Turpan document record
The content of Turpan documents is extremely rich
Almost covers the Jin and Tang periods
Military, political, economic, cultural, religious and other aspects
△ The fragment of the manuscript "Tang Law Shun Discussion and Famous Cases Law" has the "Seal of the Governor's Mansion of the Western Prefecture", which is empirical evidence of the implementation of the Tang Dynasty's decree in Xinjiang. Collection of Xinjiang Museum
Some of them were used back then
Official documents, contracts, letters, prescriptions, Buddhist scriptures
Even student assignments
Some of the content is not recorded in historical records
△ The "Changxingfang Branch Storage Horse Material Scroll" mentions "Feng Dafu" and "Judge Cen". Among them, the "Judge Cen " is the famous poet Cen Shen of the Tang Dynasty, which is a horse bill for him. Collection of Turpan Museum
For example, runes, posts, sticks, certificates and other official documents
Case-to-case arguments for hearing cases
Travel Stops (Pass)
and reflecting private rents, sales,
Various contracts for employment and lending activities
Record the household registration of the people and the acres of land
and the actual information (household registration form) of the service commitment, etc
There are also a large number of people from the Central Plains
Confucian classics, poetry, and Enlightenment manuscripts
△ "Tang Kaiyuan's 21st Tang Yiqian, Xue Guangyang, Kang Dazhi's Invitation to Pass" case file Xinjiang Museum collection
As one of the earliest surviving paper archives in mainland China
Turpan documents truly record the Jin and Tang dynasties
Many details of social production and life in the Turpan Basin
It is a historical epitome of Chinese culture deeply rooted in Xinjiang
Xinjiang is an important corridor on the Silk Road
Since ancient times, it has been a place of multi-ethnic and multicultural integration
At present, including the transcript of Bu Tianshou's Analects of Zheng Xuan
209 pieces (groups) of Xinjiang fine cultural relics
Being at the National Museum
"Convergence - Xinjiang Fine Historical Relics Exhibition" was exhibited
Come to the scene together
Enjoy the beauty of Xinjiang's history and culture
Executive producer丨Tang Yi
Producer丨Bi Lei
Copywriter丨Shao Xiwei
Vision丨Zhu Lingmeng
Technology丨Zhang Yuheng
Reviewer 丨 Zhu Dongmei
Coordinator丨Liu Ying Wuhe
Special thanks丨Turpan Museum, National Museum, Xinjiang Station, Beijing Station, China Cultural Heritage Newspaper
Responsible editor: Jia Hongwei