- The generous and tragic Emperor Longwu
On March 19, 1644, on March 19, 1644, Emperor Zhu Youjian of the Ming Dynasty was martyred on coal hill after the Forbidden City in Beijing. The "History of Ming" written by the Qing court ended here. Because on the second day of the first month of May, the regent of the Qing court, Dolgun, entered Beijing. On the first day of October, the Shunzhi Emperor issued an edict of enthronement at the Imperial Gate (i.e., the Taihe Gate) of the Forbidden City. Begin to enter the history section of the Qing Dynasty.
After Chongzhen's death, is there still a Ming Dynasty? The answer is yes. In May of the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, Zhu Yousong, the Prince of Fu, succeeded to the throne in Nanjing, and the era name Hongguang began. Until June 1662, the Yongli Emperor was hanged with a bowstring by Wu Sangui. The Southern Ming court lasted for a total of 18 years.
During the Southern Ming Dynasty, in order to "drive out the Tartars and restore China", there were countless loyal and righteous soldiers who sacrificed their lives for righteousness and went forward to succeed each other, and their heroic deeds that can be sung and wept should be passed down through the ages, forever! Although their records cannot be found in the history revised by the Qing court, there are still considerable folk historical materials that restore the historical truth of that year for us.
The Great Chronicle of Siwen written by Anonymous.
It records the deeds of the Fuzhou regime of the Longwu Dynasty, and is based on the title of the book based on the honorific title "Emperor Siwen" given to Emperor Longwu by the Yongli Emperor. It is mainly based on records and has no evaluation. However, the title of the book shows that the author approves of The Longwu Emperor.
Siwen Daji
Emperor Longwu was a descendant of Emperor Ming's twenty-third son, Zhu Jue the Prince of Tangding, and was the ninth grandson of Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang.
On the fifth day of the first month of April in the 30th year of the Wanli Calendar (May 25, 1602), he was born in the Tang Dynasty of Nanyang, Henan, and his mother was a concubine of the Mao clan.
Zhu Yujian was different from the ordinary Ming Dynasty clan, although he was born in the consort of the hereditary prince, his childhood was full of gray.
Zhu Yujian's grandfather, Zhu Shuoxi, the Prince of Tangduan, favored concubines and disliked Zhu Yujian's father, Zhu Qiyu of Tang Shizi. Imprisoned him in the royal palace
When Zhu Yujian was born, he was favored by his great-grandmother Wei Niangniang. Raised until the age of twelve, Lady Wei died. Zhu Yujian was imprisoned in his father's "cell" by his grandfather.
Until Zhu Yujian was twenty-eight years old. His two uncles, Zhu Qituan the King of Fushan and Zhu Qizu, the King of Anyang, saw that the old Tang Dynasty was getting older and older, and it seemed that they were about to die, while Zhu Yujian's father and son were still alive and well. Fearing that he would not be able to obtain the title of King of Tang, he joined forces to poison Zhu Yujian's father, Tang Shizi Zhu Qiyuan.
The dim-witted King Of Tang really wanted to deprive Zhu Yujian of the title of Tang King's grandson and let his younger son be Tang Shizi.
Fortunately, the local official who came to mourn Zhu Yujian's father, Chen Qiyu, a rightist politician in Henan who was guarding Nanyang, said:
"The cause of Shizi's death is unknown, and if he hastily changes the hereditary candidate, perhaps the imperial court will blame him in the future." Warn King Duan of Tang.
King Duan of Tang was frightened, so he reported to the imperial court the birth of Zhu Yujian and asked for the title of Wang Shisun. In that year, King Duan of Tang died.
Two years later, in the fifth year of Chongzhen (1632), Zhu Yujian successfully attacked the Tang Dynasty.
Seeing this, Zhu Yujian's life has passed thirty-one years, and what happened in front of him can already be regarded as a twist and turn, bizarre and appalling. But it is insignificant compared to the things that follow.
In the sixth year of Chongzhen (1633), the local disasters in Henan were all over the land, and the people did not have a good life. The Tang emperor Zhu Yujian played the Chongzhen Emperor's disaster relief to help the people, violating the family rule that "relatives are not allowed to pre-govern". Chongzhen did not blame, but it caused the dissatisfaction of the Tang Dynasty. On the first day of July, zhu Yujian, in revenge for his father's poisoning, took the opportunity to kill two uncles, Zhu Qituan (deceased) the King of Fushan, and Zhu Qizu, the king of Anyang (seriously injured).
In August of the sixth year of Chongzhen (1633), Azig led the Qing army to attack Northern Zhili and other places, entered Selentk Baodi, and directly approached Beijing, and the Beijing division was under martial law.
The Tang king Zhu Yujian was eager to repay the country, and Shangshu requested that an army be sent to serve the king, but the Chongzhen Emperor did not allow it.
Zhu Yujian actually disregarded the national rule that "the king of the domain does not command the army", recruited troops and bought horses, and led a thousand people to escort the army from Nanyang to the north to serve the king. Traveling to Yuzhou, Inspector Yang Shengwu played, the Chongzhen Emperor ordered him to return, and after Zhu Yujian did not encounter the Qing army, he fought with the peasant army in the middle of the way, fighting several battles, winning and losing each other, and the class division returned to Nanyang.
In The winter of November, the lower court discussed severe punishment: Zhu Yujian, the king of Tang, was deposed as a shuren, and Jinyi guards were sent to imprison him in the high wall of Fengyang. He renamed his brother Zhu Yujun the Prince of Tang.
Since then, Zhu Yujian has begun the second period of his life of imprisonment. In the seven years of being in the high walls of Fengyang, he was tortured by the eunuchs who guarded it and almost died. At this time, he ushered in the second nobleman in his life, Fengyang Inspector Lu Zhenfei.
Lu Zhenfei played Zhu Yujian's encounter in prison to Chongzhen. The edict executed the eunuchs who guarded them, giving preferential treatment to the imprisoned clansmen.
At this time, a rumor came out: "There is Tianzi Qi within the high walls of Fengyang." It is said that it began to appear after Lu Zhengfei and Zhu Yujian talked.
In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), the Chongzhen Emperor was martyred in Beijing, and Zhu Yousong, the Prince of Fu, took the throne in Nanjing, changed his era name to Hongguang, and implemented a general amnesty. At the request of Liu Liangzuo, the son of Guangchang, Zhu Yujian, who was imprisoned in Fengyang, was also released and made the Prince of Nanyang. The Rebbe requested that the Tang Dynasty's former lordship be restored, but Zhu Yousong did not allow it, and ordered Zhu Yujian to move to Pingle Province(present-day southern Guilin) in Guangxi. Under the pretext that he could not act more often, Zhu Yujian extended his trip to the domain indefinitely.
In May 1645 (the second year of Qing Shunzhi and the first year of the Southern Ming Dynasty), Zhu Yujian traveled to Suzhou, received the news that the Qing army had broken through Nanjing, and the Hongguang Dynasty was destroyed, and turned to Jiaxing for refuge.
In June, Zhu Yujian came to Hangzhou, met Zhu Changshu, the king of Lu, and asked him to supervise the country, but did not listen; please go to Chen Fangluo, and did not allow it. People decide to surrender, where will you listen to a poor and sick man who has just been released from prison!
However, King Lu did not listen, but someone else listened. Zheng Hongkui, the commander-in-chief of Zhenjiang, and Su Guansheng, the head of the Hubu Lang, also came to Hangzhou at this time. When they and Zhu Yujian talked about the national disaster, Zhu Yujian wept and wept, and the two ministers were deeply moved.
Subsequently, Zhu Yujian was escorted by Zheng Hongkui to Fujian, the base of the Zheng family.
When King Lu surrendered to the Qing army in Hangzhou, Zhu Yujian and his party had already arrived in Quzhou, Zhejiang. It was reported that Zheng Zhilong of Nan'an Bo, Inspector Du Yushi Zhang Kentang and Libu Shangshu Huang Daozhou and others discussed appointing Zhu Yujian as the overseer.
On June 28, 1645 (the second year of Qing Shunzhi and the first year of The Southern Ming Dynasty), Zhu Yujian was proclaimed the Overseer of The State of Jianning in Fujian.
In the leap month of June, Ding Hai (the seventh day of the first month) went to Fuzhou, with the south Amber House as the palace.
On the 27th of June, Zhu Yujian officially proclaimed himself emperor in Fuzhou, changed his name to Yuan Longwu, and announced that from the beginning of July, he would change the name of Hongguang to Longwu Yuannian.
Later generations imagined The Longwu Emperor
As mentioned in the previous article "Lu Wang Jian Guo", at about the same time, the military and people of eastern Zhejiang supported Zhu Yihai, the king of Lu, as the supervision of the country. As a result, the two families do not recognize each other and are isolated from each other. When the Qing army attacked eastern Zhejiang, the Fujian side sat on the mountain and watched the tiger fight, stood by and watched as King Lu's army was wiped out.
On the other hand, the Longwu regime was recognized by the southwestern side such as Huguang and Yungui. Zhu Yujian became the second emperor after Emperor Hongguang of the Southern Ming Dynasty.
However, the Longwu regime was established with the support of the Zheng family, the money was paid by the Zheng family, and the soldiers were the soldiers of the Zheng family. The head of the Zheng family is Zheng Chenggong's father, Zheng Zhilong.
The Zheng family was a pirate by origin and controlled the maritime trade from the South China Sea to Japan and Korea at that time. Zheng Zhilong was already in his forties at the time, and his ideal was to become a "governor of Fujian and Guangdong". When he began to support Emperor Longwu, he was ready to "blackmail the Son of Heaven to order the princes"; later, he saw that the Qing army's offensive was like a broken bamboo, and Emperor Longwu was also ambitious to restore the Central Plains. Fearing that continuing to resist the Qing forces would damage their strength, they decided to surrender.
Sensing Zheng Zhilong's intentions, the Qing court promised to grant him the title of "King of Min yue" after his surrender, and to pay tribute according to The Korean custom.
In 1646, in the second year of Longwu, Emperor Longwu urged Zheng Zhilong to carry out the Northern Expedition without success. The first assistant Zodiac Zhou led his own recruited "Bian Dan Army" out of Fujian to meet the Qing army. Defeated and martyred.
On August 22, 1646, Longwu II, Zheng Jun abandoned the defense of Xianxia Pass, the main road between Fujian and Zhejiang, and the Qing army entered Fujian. Zheng Jiajun retreated to the Xiamen base camp.
Fujian and Zhejiang key road Xianxia Pass
On September 29, 1646 (August 21, 1646), Emperor Longwu escaped from Yanping on news and wanted to take Daoting Prefecture to Jiangxi.
On October 6, 1646 (August 28, 1646), Emperor Longwu fled to Tingzhou, was chased by Qing soldiers, shot and killed by Qing soldiers in the lobby of Tingzhou Capital, and martyred.
In the eleventh year of the Yong calendar, the temple number Wasshodzong, and the title was changed to Emperor Xiaoxiang of the Heaven to Dao Hongyi.
Emperor Longwu was a mature imperial candidate with culture, experience, and ideals. The lament of later generations is that if he had not supported him was not the local warlord Zheng Zhilong, who was born of pirates, but the southern Ming political arena during the Hongguang Dynasty, perhaps the Southern Ming would have lasted for a long time; if he had fled to Guangdong at that time, he might have been able to use the power of liangguang to make a difference;
History has no ifs,
History left Emperor Longwu with a sentence: "Death before leaving the division, often makes the hero cry!" ”
Fujian gangster Zheng Daguan