Jin Wengong was the monarch of the Jin state during the Spring and Autumn Period, his life was ups and downs, but he always had the ambition of a great bird, and after becoming the monarch, he developed the Jin state into a big country at that time with superb political wisdom and military means, and he was also known as one of the five hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period. It is a well-deserved generation of heroes. How many idiomatic allusions can you know about him?
First, retreat
Before Jin Wen Gong Zhong'er became a monarch, he had a history of exile for more than ten years, and most of the monarchs were scornful and very rude to him, the exiled Prince of Jin, so he passed through one country after another, and one day came to the Chu Kingdom, when the King of chu heard that Zhong'er was coming, he received him with the etiquette of the princes, and King Chu Cheng entertained Zhong'er very well, and Zhong'er was very humble, and at the banquet King Chu Cheng said: "If you can return to Jin in the future, what will you use to repay me?" The heavy ear said: "Rare birds and beasts, pearls and jade silk, the kings are rich and surplus, and they do not know what gifts to repay." King Chu Cheng said, "Even so, what exactly should you use to repay me?" "If I had no choice but to meet you in the plains and lakes, I would retreat for you." After hearing this, Zi Yu, the great general of the Chu Kingdom, angrily said to King Cheng of Chu: "King, you are too good to the Prince of Jin, and today you are not inferior to him, please kill him." King Cheng of Chu said, "Prince Jin has a noble character, he has been in trouble for a long time, and his followers are all sages of the state, this is arranged by heaven, how can I kill him?" And what is there to refute from his words? "Heavy Ear lived in the Chu Kingdom for several months, and when he left, King Cheng gave many gifts to Heavy Ear.
Sure enough, in 632 BC, the Battle of Chengpu occurred, which was a battle for supremacy between Jin and Chu, and Jin Wengong fulfilled the promise made by the exiled Chu state to "retreat and avoid the three retreats", causing the Jin army to retreat and avoid the Chu army. Ignoring King Cheng's admonition, Ziyu led his army to advance and was annihilated by the Jin army on both flanks. The Chu army was defeated.
Second, fishing near the zeal
Also in the Battle of Chengpu in the Jin-Chu struggle for hegemony, the Jin army and the Chu army confronted each other in Chengpu, Jin Wengong asked Hu Yan how to defeat the powerful Chu army, Fox Yan offered a trick, and asked Yong Ji how to deal with it, Yong Ji said that the method of deception can only be to dry up the pond water and catch fish, and then there will be no fish to catch in the next year, and the battle still depends on strength, Jin Wen used fox Yan's strategy to defeat the Chu army, but when discussing merit and reward, Yong Ji was above The fox, he said: "How can we think that a momentary profit is more important than a hundred-year plan?"
Third, the division is straight and strong
In the Battle of Chengpu, the Chu general Zi Yu was a marshal, chasing the Jin army, the Jin army did not fight, repeatedly retreated, the Jin army officials questioned: "It is a shame to hide from the subordinates as a monarch; and the Chu army is tired, why retreat?" The Chu army minister Zi Criminal (for the sake of fox Yan) said: "When sending troops to fight, if there is reason, it will be strong, and if it is unreasonable, it will be weak, where is the length of time outside?" Without the favor of the Chu state, we would not have been able to get here (referring to the fact that Duke Wen of Jin was in exile). We retreat to avoid them, that is, as a reward for the favor of the year" "To turn our backs on the favor and speak does not count, to use this to protect their enemies, we lack reason and the Chu state is reasonable, plus their morale has always been full, can not be considered to be fatigue, we retreat and the Chu army returns, what else do we ask for?" If they don't go back, the monarch retreats, and their subordinates invade, they are unreasonable. ”
Fourth, the work of greed for heaven
After 19 years of exile, the Prince of Jin returned to China to govern and became the Duke of Jin. He rewarded those who followed him in exile for their deeds. Only the mezzo who cut the thigh meat soup for him to drink forgot. Mezi Tui was very dignified, and he said that he went home to live in seclusion, served his old mother, and made a living by weaving straw shoes, and he thought that those who were rewarded were greedy for the merits of heaven.
Fifth, no one should be poisoned
In the Battle of Chengpu, the commander of the Chu state was Ling Yin (Zai Xiang) Ziyu, who led 600 pro-soldiers of the same clan to sit in the middle army, the left army was commanded by Sima Zixi, who was in charge of the military of the Chu state, and the right army was commanded by The Grand Master Zishang. Just at the time of this expedition, King Cheng of Chu repeatedly warned Ziyu not to take the enemy lightly, and the king of the Jin state, Jin Wengong, was a man who had been in exile abroad for many years, had undergone a lot of tempering, and was experienced, and he should not be rash in fighting with him.
However, he always wanted to fight a victorious battle to show his Ziyu in front of the King of Chu, and as soon as he arrived at the battle, he forgot all these words, and when he saw that his team was heavily flagged and lined up neatly, he boasted: "Today we can definitely destroy the Jin army!" ”
But what about jinjun? After careful planning, Duke Wen of Jin personally led the Chinese army to command the battle. He sent the doctor Xu Chen, with a strange trick, to cover the tiger skin on the horse and attack the armies of Chen and Cai first. Before Chen and Cai could figure out what was going on, they were beaten and fled. Then, the Jin general Fox Mao disguised the left army led by himself as a Chinese army, and soon after the battle began, he was defeated one after another, luring the enemy deeper; the Jin army also dragged branches behind the chariot, making the road dusty, pretending to be very embarrassed to escape. The Chu army was indeed successful, and Zixi immediately followed in pursuit. At this time, Jin Wengong led the Chinese army to intercept the Chu army from the middle unexpectedly, and fox hair also turned around to attack Zixi, so the left army of the Chu state was defeated again. Immediately after the Chu army, it was defeated.
Ziyu lost the battle, and King Chu Cheng was very angry, so he sent envoys to him: "You led the troops to lose the battle, and the soldiers of the same clan around you were killed." If you return to China, how will you explain to their parents? Zi Yu himself had already expected that after losing the battle, King Chu Cheng would not forgive himself, so he committed suicide on the way back to China.
After Jin Wengong heard the news of Ziyu's suicide, he was very happy and felt that he could get rid of the troubles of his confidants at once. He couldn't help but say to the soldiers around him, "Mo Yu poison is also there!" This means that from now on no one can endanger me and conquer the Central Plains.
Sixth, the love of Weiyang
In 636 BC, Duke Qin Kang, on the orders of his father Duke Mu of Qin, escorted Zhong'er into the Jin Dynasty and sent it all the way north of Weishui (Shannan Shuibei is Yang to the north and Shanbei Shuinan to yin, so the north of Weishui is Weiyang), and the heavy ear is for the Duke Wen of Jin, and the Duke of Qin Kang is the son of the daughter of the Duke of Jin, and the daughter of the Duke of Xian is also the sister of the Duke of Zhong'er, then the Duke of Qin Kang is also the nephew of the Heavy Ear and the grandson of the Duke of Jin. This idiom is also an expression of nephew-uncle friendship.
Seventh, aim in the four directions
When He reached the State of Qi, Duke Huan of Qi married him his wife Qi Jiang and also married eighty horses. Gongzi was content with the life of the Qi state, not thinking about the great ambitions of the birds, and the followers thought that it was not okay to go on like this, and were ready to leave and discuss under the mulberry tree. The silkworm concubine happened to hear it in the tree and told the Jiang clan about it. Jiang Shi killed her and told Gongzi: "You have great ambitions, and I have already killed the people who heard." Heavy ear said: "I was born to seek comfort and pleasure, no matter what other things I do, I will not leave, and I will die in the country of Qi." Qi Jiang said: "You are the prince of a country, you came here in desperation, these followers of yours regard you as their life, you do not hurry back to the country, repay the hard-working courtiers, but covet women, I feel ashamed of you, moreover, now you are not pursuing, when will you succeed?" Heavy ears refuse. Jiang Shi consulted with the criminal, drunk the prince, and then sent him away.
Eighth, the end of the wood
During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Jin State annexed a number of small neighboring princely states and became a large country. At that time, the elderly monarch Jin Xian gong favored the concubine Li Ji and planned to let her son succeed to the throne in the future. He listened to Li Ji's bad words and forced Crown Prince Shensheng to die. Li Ji also framed Shen Sheng's two half-brothers, Gongzi Zhong'er and Yi Wu. They had to flee. Zhong'er first fled to his fiefdom of Pucheng, and the Jin soldiers heard the news. The Pucheng people resisted, and Zhong'er persuaded them not to do so, and fled to the Kingdom of Di. Along with him were his uncle Hu Yan, as well as Zhao Wan, and others. Di Guo sent an army to attack a tribe, captured shu kui (wěi) and Ji Kui sisters, and immediately gave them both to Zhong'er. Zhong'er himself married Ji Kui and gave birth to two children, Bo Tiao and Shu Liu; he married Shu Kui to Zhao Wan, and gave birth to a child named Zhao Dun.
Later, a bad news came secretly from the Jin State: the lord of the Jin State wanted to send someone to assassinate the heavy ear. Originally, after the death of Gong Xiang, Yiwu, the prince who fled with Zhong'er, returned to the Jin State with the help of the power of the Qin State to succeed to the throne, and was known as the Duke Hui of Jin. He was afraid that his brother Zhong'er would return to China to fight for the throne, so he sent assassins to murder Zhong'er. After hearing this news, Zhong'er decided to flee to the State of Qi. The night before leaving, he said to his wife Ji Kui, "Yiwu sent someone to murder me, and I plan to flee to the State of Qi again." You stay here and raise your children, and when I don't come back for twenty-five years, you will marry again. Ji Kui replied sadly, "I am twenty-five years old, and in another twenty-five years, I will be in a coffin, and who else will I marry?" I've been waiting for you here. ”。 After that, Zhong'er went into exile, and it was not until more than ten years later that he returned to China under the escort of the Qin army, serving as a Duke of Wen.
9. Difficulties and obstacles
At the Time of Chengpu, the monarch of the State of Chu was King Cheng of Chu, and in 632 BC, the State of Jin attacked the small princes guowei and Cao, who were dependent on the state of Chu, and when King Cheng of Chu learned of this news, he sent the general Ziyu to lead an army to rescue the state of Cao and the state of Wei. The general Ziyu did not take the Jin army in his eyes, and psychologically did not prepare for a hard battle, so he led the army to set off.
King Chu Cheng was very worried about this, he was afraid that Ziyu would be defeated by the enemy army because of the light enemy, so as soon as Ziyu left, King Chu Cheng wrote a letter to Ziyu, in which he solemnly warned him: "Duke Wen of Jin once went into exile for 19 years, experienced countless difficulties and obstacles, had rich experience, knew the hatred of the people, and had a lot of experience in how to rule the country and how to command the army to fight. Therefore, your opponent is quite powerful, and you must not despise him, otherwise, it will lead to complete failure. ”
After Ziyu received the letter from King Cheng of Chu, he still did not pay attention to it, and when the two armies were opposed, his army was defeated by the Jin army due to his excessive light enemy. At this time, he regretted it too much.
10. Soldiers are not tired of deception
Jin Wengong was preparing to fight the Chu army, and summoned his uncle to ask, "I am ready to fight the Chu army, and the enemy is outnumbered, what should I do?" The uncle said, "I have heard that gentlemen who pay attention to etiquette are not too loyal; soldiers fight each other on the battlefield." Not too much fraud. You're still using fraudulent means. Duke Wen dismissed his uncle and summoned Yongji to ask, "I am ready to fight the Chu army, and the enemy is outnumbered, what should I do?" Yong Ji replied: "Burning the woods to hunt, you can hunt more wild beasts for the time being, and you will certainly not be able to hunt wild beasts in the future; if you treat the people with fraudulent means, you can get temporary benefits, and the people will not be deceived again in the future." Wen Gong said, "Good." "Dismissed Yongji. Wen used his uncle's strategy to fight the Chu army, and as a result defeated the enemy. After returning, he was rewarded with a knighthood, first rewarding Yong Ji and then rewarding his uncle. Qunchen said, "Chengpu's victory depended on the schemes of his uncle.' Adopt his schemes, but put him behind, okay? Wen Gong said, "This is not something you can understand." The uncle's proposition is a stopgap measure, and Yongji's proposition is in line with the long-term interests. When Confucius heard this, he said, "It is entirely right that Jin Wen should be hegemonic!" He understands both expediency and long-term interests.
11. Danger is like a tired egg
For the sake of pleasure, The Duke of Jin ordered the construction of a nine-story platform, which caused strong dissatisfaction among the people. Some ministers also advised The Jin Dynasty not to do such a thing as laboring the people and harming the wealth. However, Jin Xiangong insisted on not listening, and said: "Whoever comes back to give advice will kill whom." ”
There was a minister named Xun Xi, who came to see the Jin Linggong, who saw him with an arrow and crossbow, and he said, "Great King, I don't dare to enter the court, but I can build twelve chess pieces and nine eggs." Jin Linggong said, "You made it for me." ”
Xun Xi then walked to the table, took out twelve chess pieces and laid them on the ground one by one, and then took out nine eggs and put them on them one by one. He first placed five pieces on top of the pieces, three on the second floor, and one on the third floor. Jin Xiangong looked at the barely shelved egg on the tip of the pile, and nervously shouted, "It's too dangerous!" It's too dangerous! Xun Xi said meaningfully at this time, "This is not dangerous, there are more dangerous things than this." The nine-story platform you built has only been in construction for three years, and the people are not happy, the national treasury is empty, if it is invaded by foreign countries, is not our country as dangerous as this tired egg? ”
When Jin Xiangong heard this, he was startled and quickly ordered the construction of the platform to be stopped. "Tired" is accumulation; "egg" is egg. It is often used as a metaphor for a very dangerous situation.
XII. Mountains and rivers on the surface, mountains and rivers on the surface
During the Spring and Autumn Period, in 632 BC, the Jin and Chu states fought the famous Battle of Chengpu (城濮, southwest of present-day Juancheng, Shandong).
The Chu army encamped on the back of a dangerous hill called Qi, and Jin Wengong was very worried about this. He heard the soldiers singing the words: "The grass in the field is lush, get rid of the old roots and sow new seeds." Jin Wengong had doubts in his heart. The fox said, "Fight! If you win a battle, you will definitely get the support of the princes. If the battle is not won, there is Taihang outside the Jin Dynasty and the Yellow River inside, and it will certainly not suffer any damage. Jin Wengong said, "What about the favor that the Chu State used to do to us?" Luan Zhi said, "The princely states with the surname Ji to the north of the Han River were all annexed by the State of Chu. Thinking about the small favors of the past, you will forget this strange shame and humiliation, not like the Chu Kingdom fighting a war.
13. Political and civilian fu
In 636 BC, in the year of the Jin Dynasty, Wen Gong repaired the government, gathered hundreds of officials, conferred official positions, appointed meritorious servants, abolished the old laws, abolished the old evils of the times, reduced the taxes of the people, abolished the old prohibitions, and gave generous favors to the people. Aid the poor, subsidize the wealthless, show the poor the right way, reduce tariffs, eliminate thieves, make roads unimpeded, encourage trade, and relieve farmers of their servitude. Reward farming, persuade people to help each other, save money, and enrich assets. Educate the officials to exercise the power of the state, preach the virtues of the people, and make the people pure in temperament. Encourage hundreds of officials, recommend wise people, and appoint talented people. All officials are required to act in accordance with the rules and regulations, to select and use them, to adjust the positions of officials at higher and lower levels, and to encourage praise and praise those who obey the law and the law. It is a metaphor for the meritorious families in the old subjects, reusing the virtuous, respecting the people with status, rewarding the meritorious people, honoring the elderly, treating guests with courtesy, and being close to the old. For the eleven clans of Jin, Yuan, Fox, Ji, Luan, Hao, Bai, Xian, Yang Tongue, Dong, and Han, they were selected and appointed to serve as officials in the internal affairs of the court, and to appoint the wise men of each Ji surname to serve as officials in the Jin capital. Talented people with different surnames cannot be excluded and can hold official positions in remote counties. The treatment of officials was also clearly stipulated: the princes enjoyed tribute, the doctors lived on the caiyi, the scholars lived on the public land, the ordinary people lived by selling and servitude, the hundred workers and merchants lived on the officials they were dependent on, the soap subordinates lived on the size of their positions, and the family members lived on the doctor's pastoral income. After such a series of political reforms as The Jin Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty saw the emergence of a prosperous era in which "the government and the common people are prosperous (political peace, the people are safe and prosperous), and the use of wealth is not scarce (there is no lack of financial use at all)".
Fourteen, the good of Qin and Jin, the horse of Qin and Jin
In order to seek friendship with the Central Plains in the future, Duke Mu of Qin married the powerful Jin State at that time, and proposed to the Duke of Jin, and the Duke of Jin married his eldest daughter to him. Later, Duke Xian of Jin was old and faint, and made his younger son the heir to the monarch, thus killing the then crown prince Shensheng. As a result, the other two sons, Yiwu and Zhong'er, fled to the Liang and Zhai kingdoms respectively. Later, Yiwu was helped by his brother-in-law Qin Mugong and became the monarch of the Jin state. However, soon after, Yiwu lost peace with the Qin state, sent troops to attack the Qin state, and finally suffered a fiasco, and asked his son Gongzi to go to the Qin state as a hostage, which repaired the relationship between the two countries.
In order to win over Gongzi Yuan, Duke Mu of Qin married his daughter Huai Wei to him. This was a matter of affinity in the society at that time, and the relationship should be very stable. However, when Gongzi Yuan heard that his father was ill and his grandfather's family was destroyed by the Qin state, he was afraid that the position of monarch would be passed on to others and ran back to the Jin state.
Duke Mu of Qin immediately decided to help Zhong'er become the monarch of the State of Jin, to take over him who had fled to the State of Chu before, and to remarry his daughter Huaiwei to him, and the following year, Gongzi Yuan became the monarch of the State of Jin, becoming the Duke of Jin Huai, and had no contact with the State of Qin.
Later, with the help of Duke Mu of Qin, Zhong'er became the new monarch of the Jin State and became the Duke wen of Jin in the famous "Spring and Autumn Five Powers".
In addition, there are many story allusions, such as cutting meat to serve the king, winning the trust of the people... And it is rumored that the source of the Qingming Festival is because of the meat cut by the meson push and the fire on the Mianshan Mountain!
Source:
"Twenty-three Years of the Left Transmission and the Duke"
"Twenty-four Years of the Left Transmission and The Duke"
"Lü's Spring and Autumn Rewards"
"Twenty-Eight Years of zuo chuan and the duke"
"Han Feizi Ten Passes"
"Han Feizi Nanichi"
"Poetry Classic, Qin Feng, Weiyang"
"Chinese JinYu"
"Huainanzi"
@Chinese National History @Great My Shanxi@Chinese Culture Network#Jinwengong#Jinguo##Shanxi##历史 #