Introduction: The three families are divided into Jin, Zhao, Wei, Han, three dozen and one, the old Zhi clan perished, cut the robe and broke the righteousness, and finally did not regret, from then on the brothers are passers-by, Jiang is still the old spicy
Since the ancient way: the general trend of the world, the division of long-term will be united, the combination of long-term will be divided, but the process of the world from division to union, and then from integration to division, is bound to be a long and difficult process. In the torrent of history, like a great wave of sand, those who can divide the world or unite the world are bound to be the tide of history. The Spring and Autumn Period to the Warring States period is an era of reorganization of the system of collapse and badness, but we often divide the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States into two eras, and the most emblematic historical event that distinguishes these two eras is the division of the three families of Zhao Wei and Han into the Jin Dynasty, which is the so-called "three Jin divisions and seven nationalities", which is such an epoch-making historical event, we may wish to spy the mystery of the world's division and convergence from it.
The historical origin of the three branches of Jin
As a historical result, the formation process of the three branches of Jin is also long and complex; since the ascension of The Duke Wen of Jin to the throne, the ruling elite of the Jin State has injected new blood, forming a situation in which the new nobles represented by Fox Yan and Xianxun and the traditional nobles such as the Zhonghang clan, the Zhao clan, the Han clan, and the Wei clan coexist and coexist, and the new and old nobles of the Jin State provide strong talent support for the development and growth of the Jin State under the coordination of the Jin WenGong, and the national strength of the Jin State is rapidly restored.
In order to revive the Jin dynasty, The Duke wen of Jin adopted the system of three armies and six secretaries to consolidate the royal power, and the positions of the six secretaries of the three armies and six secretaries were held by the most powerful eleven noble families in a certain order of hereditary control; these eleven families were the Fox clan, the Xian clan, the Hao (yinxiao) clan, the Xu clan, the Luan clan, the Fan clan, the Zhonghang (Yin Hang) clan, the Zhi clan, the Han clan, the Zhao clan, and the Wei clan, of which the Zhongxing clan and the Zhi clan belonged to the Xun clan, and the same lineage was the same family, two families that evolved from one family.
Three power reshuffles, six become four
In the first power reshuffle, the nobles passed the long-term competition for the survival of the fittest, and the vast majority of the new nobles were unfortunately eliminated, and the eleven families became the six families of the Zhonghang clan, the Fan clan, the Zhi clan, the Zhao clan, the Wei clan, and the Han clan, and although the Hao clan and the Luan clan had not completely disappeared, they had become vassals of the other six families at this time.
This round of reshuffling formed the basic situation in which the above six major families controlled the political situation of the Jin state, and the six major families controlled the government of the dynasty, and had to trace the origin of the killing of the sons from the father of Jin Wengong, Jin Xiangong, during that period, the Jin state clan was hit by a near-devastating blow, and from then on, the power of the Jin clan was not enough to unite with other nobles with other foreign surnames to compete.
Six families marry and join forces, holding each other back
The six major families formed offensive and defensive alliances through marriage and other means, and gradually divided the spheres of influence of the other five families, and the six major families continued to annex other families as the primary task, in order to protect themselves or become stronger, the six major families gradually moved towards campization; the Zhonghang clan and the Zhi clan were the same clan, the Zhi clan has always relied on the promotion of the Zhonghang clan to grow, the Zhi clan wants to become more powerful, which makes the Zhonghang clan feel very uneasy, so the two families that evolved from the Xun clan, with the rise of the rising Star Zhi clan at this time, The Zhi clan and the Zhonghang clan have parted ways to become an irrevocable fact, and the two have become quasi-enemies who are holding each other back.
The Zhonghang clan did not sit still, and found a political marriage between the Fan clan and the Handan Zhao clan (a branch of the Zhao clan), and finally formed an alliance headed by the Zhonghang clan, and the Zhao clan was divided into two branches of the Handan Zhao clan and the Jinyang Zhao clan, and the contradictions of the six major families arose, which was the second power reshuffle between the nobles of the Jin state.
Jin Wang's style is weak, one super and many strong, and zhishi is large
The dispute broke out from the Jinyang Zhao clan's murder of the leader of the Zhao clan of Handan, and the Zhongxing clan led the Fanshi and the Zhao clan of Handan to question the Zhao clan of Jinyang, and the Zhao clan of Jinyang gained the favor of the Zhongxing clan against the head Zhi clan, so the Zhi clan took the Han clan and the Wei clan and the Jinyang Zhao clan to defeat the zhongxing clan's alliance, a process that lasted for eight years, and finally ended with the defeat of the Zhongxing clan and the paradigm to flee the Eastern Qi state.
After this round of reshuffling, the Zhonghang clan and the paradigm of the six major families are out, the Zhi clan becomes the biggest beneficiary, and the sphere of influence of the Zhonghang clan and the paradigm are basically all included in the Pocket of the Zhi clan, at this time, the Jin State has formed a basic situation of "one super and many strong", and the original six major families have become four major families. At this time, the king of the Jin state is very much like the Zhou Tianzi in the previous Spring and Autumn Period when the countries competed for hegemony, which is a typical royal decline, the king of the Jin state has become a veritable virtual monarch, and has become a presence like the Japanese emperor, and some Jin monarchs may have thought of revitalizing the royal family, but may only be limited to thinking, and the next shuffle can fully explain the problem.
Zhao, Wei, and Han fought three times, and the Zhi clan was destroyed
Mu Xiu Yu Lin, the wind will destroy it, the Zhi clan has become an indispensable existence in the Jin Kingdom, but he is getting closer and closer to extinction, because the appetite of the Zhi clan is not only the Zhongxing clan and the paradigm, but also the three families of Zhao Wei and Han that still exist, and the next thing the Zhi clan has to do is to eliminate it quickly.
The Zhi clan first attacked the Zhao clan, the reason can be understood as the Zhi clan came out to collect the protection fee, Han Wei was forced to pay under pressure, the Zhao clan was more stubborn, how could his own things be given to others casually, so the Zhi clan and the Zhao clan had a bad relationship, and the Zhi clan tied han and Wei clan to their chariots in the name of the king of the Jin dynasty, and went to kill the Zhao state in a big way.
Three dozen and one, basically without any pressure, zhao clan all the way to escape, hiding in Jinyang City to strictly defend, Zhi Wei Han army surrounded Jinyang City for two years, Zhi Clan flooded Jinyang City, seeing that it was going to destroy Zhao Shi, Zhao Clan fought back, in the middle of the night to rebel against Wei and Han families, Wei and Han have been dissatisfied with Zhi's obscenity for a long time, afraid of becoming the next Zhao Clan, so overnight Han Wei turned against it, and things changed dramatically.
Zhao, Wei, and Han three families poured water into the Zhi clan's military camp, the Zhi clan was defeated, the killing was caught off guard, the leader of the Zhi clan, Zhi Bo, was captured and killed, and then Zhao, Wei, and Han liquidated the Zhi clan, more than two hundred mouths of the Zhi clan were wiped out, and the indispensable Zhi clan was soon divided up by the three families of Zhao Wei and Han, and the jin monarch really couldn't bear this kind of thing, so like the State of Qi borrowed troops to attack Zhao Wei Han, like an egg touching a stone, the King of the State of Jin fled to another country, fell ill and died in a foreign country, and Zhao, Wei, and Han found a puppet from the Jin State Patriarchate and established him as the monarch.
At this time, the three branches of Jin have become a historical fact, the three commonalities found through three reorganizations of forces, the nobles of the Jin state from eleven to six, then from six to four, and finally from four to three, as for the three families were later destroyed by the Qin state one by one, this is the last word, but Zhao, Wei, and Han played one by one, defeating the most powerful Zhi clan, proving that Jiang is still old and spicy.
Why did zhao, Wei and Han win in the end?
After hundreds of years of fierce competition, the three major families of Zhao, Wei and Han finally won in the pool of blood, and we can't help but ask why it is Zhao, Wei and Han, and not the other eight, from the history of the struggle of the major families, it is not difficult for us to find some commonalities.
Leveraging force is a tried-and-true strategy
, the Zhi clan was born out of the Zhongxing clan, under the protection of the Zhongxing clan, obscene development, and finally climbed to the top step by step. The success of the Zhao clan is more inspiring, and even the two shuffles are because of the Zhao clan, the first Time the Zhao clan split and handled the "family affairs" by the hand of Zhi Wei Han, the second time the Zhao clan disobeyed the Zhi clan, and the Jedi counterattack borrowed the hands of the Wei and Han families to get rid of the Zhi clan, if there is no other strong enemy, the Zhao clan is likely to grow into a big country that cannot be underestimated.
Survival of the fittest, the weak eat the strong,
Whether it is in the struggle between countries or various forces, their own survival and development is always the first priority, the so-called morality and etiquette are more successful people to decorate the façade or bind others' tools, before and after the three families were promoted, eleven families through continuous intrigue, only to shuffle the cards again and again.
Although the Zhonghang clan and the Zhi clan are the same door, but after the use of value, the same door can also become an enemy, whether it is righteous or not, as long as they see that there are benefits to be gained, the Wei and Han families always follow behind the strong, different families, different ways of dealing with the world, but the same purpose, in the context of this struggle, brotherhood, marriage and covenant, are not worth mentioning.
Ginger is still old spicy
To some extent, the traditional aristocracy is more durable and stable, even if the new nobles are proud of their merits for a while, but often they will not always be in the highlight moment, the Fox clan and the Xian clan are two vivid evidences, although the Fox clan is a branch of Xi Rong, but it is the uncle of the Jin Wen Gong, the departure of the Jin Wen Gong, the Fox clan will lose its patron, and soon disappeared, the Xian clan was born in the military, and it was not lost in the later struggle, and the descendants left behind became nameless.
In comparison, the three families of Zhao, Wei and Han all belong to the traditional aristocracy, and before the Jin Wengong ascended to the throne, they were already a family clan with a fixed sphere of influence, this power can not be underestimated even in today's China, and the traditional aristocracy often has more experience and ability to deal with it in the face of various struggles, which is the verification of the stability and durability of the traditional nobility.
The thinking extension of the three branches of jin
From the above description, on the surface, we can see the history of love and killing between the traditional nobles and the new nobles of the Jin Dynasty, as well as between the new and old nobles, but there is a profound historical background behind it, which has to talk about the Qing politics of the Jin State.
The reason why the Qing clan power of the Jin state can develop to such a scale is inseparable from the strength of the Jin state itself, although in the late Spring and Autumn Period, the position of the hegemon of the Jin state has been shaken, but the skinny camel is bigger than the horse, the Jin state is still the boss of the Central Plains princely states, and the strength of the Jin state can only continue to rely on the domestic Qing clan, in order to produce more power needs, relying on the vast land of the Qing clan, and rich property to support the huge power structure of the Jin state, but with the development of productive forces and the advancement of the times, The politics of the Jin Dynasty had the following influences:
The king is weak and the qing is strong, and the power is moved down
In the early Spring and Autumn Period, the Jin state, like other countries, maintained the distribution of power since the Western Zhou Dynasty, the monarch had the ownership of the land, and the Qing Emperor relied on the rewards of the monarch to receive caiyi and official positions, and jointly governed the country with the monarch, but after the Quwo Daiyi Incident, the Jin Dynasty eliminated the Near branch of the Gong clan and concentrated the state power in its own hands, which caused the relationship between the monarch and the subject, the monarch was politically isolated, and the monarch lacked effective means to restrain the Qing clan and the nobles of different surnames, and had to transfer state power downward.
Of course, the downward transfer of the power of the Jin monarch is also affected by two inducing factors, one is that the Jin state has not escaped the development law of the dynasties after all, the early days of the establishment of the country, the monarch can do great efforts, to the dynasty zhongxing period, the monarch can do a little, but in the late dynasty, the monarch often indulges in pleasure, the country declines; secondly, the Jin state also from many times "young lord heir, Qing clan in power" situation, when the imperial court is not under the control of the monarch, it will inevitably lead to the power to the Qing clique with strong needs.
Dr. Qing's "generational inheritance" system was broken
During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Zhou Dynasty and various princely states implemented a hereditary system, but it was not clear whether the Qing Dafu around the Zhou Tianzi and the monarchs of the princely states was a hereditary system, after entering the Spring and Autumn Period, the hereditary system of qing dafu had become a de facto establishment and was widely adopted by the Zhou chamber and the princely states, but with the struggle of many forces, the hereditary system of the Jin state was broken by the Qing clique, mainly in the following aspects:
First of all, as a result of the mutual annexation and struggle within the Qing clique, some of them have been exterminated, some have been eliminated, or reduced to the rank of soldiers and civilians, and their members have no opportunity to continue to inherit the ancestral caiyi and official positions, and the continuous annexation war has led to more and more families that have lost their hereditary power.
Secondly, the increasingly frequent merger wars have made power more concentrated, and many weak and small families have to rely on the powerful Qing clan in order to survive, which once again breaks the balance of power of other families and causes inducing damage within the organization.
Third, there were new changes in the official system within the Qing family, and the distribution of power within the Qing family did not follow the principle of hereditary succession, but was based on the priority of blood, and the selection of merit and talent was based on virtue and talent, thus breaking the shackles of patriarchal relations on the political structure.
In short, under the action of multiple ways, the scope of use of the hereditary system is getting smaller and smaller, and eventually it will die, the demise of more Qing clans, the achievement of less Qing clan power, and the final victorious Qing clan identity will be transformed, from the secretary of a country to the king of a country, it is not impossible.
Promote county rights and annex land rights to become an independent king
The setting of the county is of great significance to the Jin state, through the establishment of the county, the King of Jin can disperse local power to the hands of the majority, so as to prevent the qing clan in power from occupying the land of the Jin state, after the Jin mourning, the monarch is weakened, the power is monopolized by the Qing clique, if from the interests of the Qing clan, the Jin state land into their own Caiyi is the best result, but the county system has been implemented for nearly a hundred years, the Qing clique wants to remove the restrictions and caiyi that is unrealistic.
However, on the other hand, the implementation of the county system does not hinder the qing clan's control over the land, because the power to appoint county chiefs is in the hands of the monarch, and the Qing clan can administer on behalf of the king, and the appointment power of the county chief naturally falls into the hands of the ruling secretary, so the Qing clan indirectly controls the military and financial power of the county.
In order to expand their strength, the Qing people have developed the economy and agriculture, which requires the mobilization of the enthusiasm of the laborers, in order to attract more laborers, the Qing people have moved their minds on the land, successively changing the old system of 100 steps for mu, and implementing different systems of fields and acres in their own mines or ruling areas according to their own will, which has destroyed the ancient well field system.
When the large mu were replaced by small mu, and the May Day tax was collected, and the tax in kind was levied on the mu, the slave production mode of the public land labor assistance law was abolished, so that the production relations in the Qing clan's Caiyi territory were changed, and the laborers gradually changed from "subordinate peasants" to peasant classes, while the Qing clan had slave owners and nobles into an emerging landlord class.
In this way, the connotation of the Qing family has undergone profound changes, with its own independent economic system, the construction of economic and political center cities, as well as the armed and bureaucratic system under its control, the essence of the Qing family has changed, and it has become a new type of independent kingdom with the characteristics of feudal production relations.
epilogue
By combing through the history of the hundreds of years before and after the three branches of the Jin Dynasty, we see the rise and fall of more than a dozen nobles in the Jin Dynasty and the changes in the division and integration, like the very miniature Spring and Autumn Or the Warring States, comparing the process of the three branches of the Jin Dynasty with the merger and final unification of the countries of the Spring and Autumn Warring States, it is not difficult for us to find that there is only a big and small difference, and there is no difference between the circle and the square, but in the final analysis, it is the result of the development of the productive forces, and the development of the productive forces has caused changes in the relations of production, which in turn affects the changes in the superstructure. The Qing clan gradually changed from vassals to kings with independent economic characteristics.
The general trend of the division and integration of the world is precisely in the various interweavings or struggles between the tides of these eras that lead the charm, the pluralism is moving towards unity, the two are constantly changing, there is no eternal union, there is no eternal division, of course, this combination and division are only relative, just like yin and yang, it can not be completely separated, formatted, fixed, there may really be an invisible heavenly path, affecting the changes in the world's physical objects.
However, it is man who writes history in the end, it is still man who creates history, and the division of the world is highly coordinated with the division and union of man, thus forming a harmony between man and society and the country. We have a deeper level of wisdom by reading history, looking for historical answers close to our reality in historical events, large and small, and baptizing our minds in a way similar to experience, which is also one of the joys of learning history.
The three families were divided into Jin, Zhao, Wei, and Han all became the Seven Heroes of the Warring States, although these three kingdoms were of the same origin, the same country, all were brothers, although in the Warring States period, there were many alliances to the outside world, but they were all face and heart, and finally they also fought hard, this is really, cut the robe and break the righteousness, never regret it, from then on the brothers are passers-by!
Bibliography: "Zuo Zhuan", "Zizhi TongJianchang Compilation", "Complete Experience under heaven", "Unification and Division", etc