"Iron shoulders moral righteousness, clever hands write articles." This sentence was originally a pair of ming leagues written by the Ming Dynasty scholar Yang Jisheng when he opposed Yan Song's power, and during the Republic of China period, it became the motto of many literati, including Li Dazhao (zhāo) and Shao Piaoping.
Picture | Shao Piaoping
Li Dazhao often took "iron shoulders to bear morality" as his responsibility, while Shao Piaoping changed "magic hands" to "hot hands", synthesized the four big characters of "iron shoulder hot hands" into banners, and hung them in his office in the "Beijing News".
The former site of the "Beijing News" located in Weidian Hutong, Xicheng, Beijing, although it has changed over the past century, to this day, it still tells the splendid style of that year.
The picture | the former site of the Beijing News
In this year's hit TV series "The Age of Awakening," Li Dazhao applied for a lecture on "The Theory and Practice of Journalism Work" taught by Shao Piaoping on behalf of Mao Zedong, who worked in the Peking University Library.
In the play, Shao Piaoping's length is not much, but it is a "few words" that have been substituted, but behind these few words is Shao Piaoping's life of not fearing power and iron bones, and Mao Zedong calls him a "real teacher", which is enough to prove how profound Shao Piaoping's influence on Mao Zedong is.
In class, Shao Piaoping asked the students a question: "What qualities does a qualified journalist need?" Some people say that it is erudition, some people say that it is talent, but Mao Zedong believes that the most important thing for a qualified journalist is to stand on the stand of the people, safeguard the interests of the people, and adhere to the ideology, position and professional ethics.
Picture | Shao Piaoping in "The Age of Awakening"
Compared with the rest of the students who wore suits, leather shoes, and pocket watches, Mao Zedong, who wore robes, slept in a chase shop, and was not even a Peking University student, said an answer that made Shao Piaoping admire.
In today's terms, Mao Zedong was an authentic "north drifter", he came from the countryside and the ridges, rooted in the vast number of peasants, but sitting in China's highest academic institution to study with those elite talents who came from celebrities, others had the lija in their hearts in the green pearl enclosure, but in his heart he had the mourning outside the ivory tower, and the phrase "stand on the people's stand" made Shao Piaoping see the light of humanity.
In the classroom, Shao Piaoping did not care about Mao Zedong's origins, and he called Mao Zedong to his office and personally handed over to him the materials of Marxism and the Russian October Revolution, which was tantamount to handing over a sharp blade of revolution to Mao Zedong.
Pictured| Mao Zedong in the TV series "The Age of Awakening"
Warlords are fighting, the situation is turbulent, yesterday it was the royalists celebrating victory, tomorrow it is the anarchists who cheer loudly, the men's braids are cut and long, long and cut, sleep overnight or the emperor's people, and at dawn it becomes the world of warlords.
In that stormy and devastated old China, Shao Piaoping held a sharp pen tip in her hand and wrote down her patriotic enthusiasm and resentment against power on paper, and everyone admired Shao Piaoping at the time. He was Mao Zedong's teacher and a forerunner of his time, but he sacrificed a full 60 years before he was recognized as a communist.
Pictured| Mao Zedong during the Red Army period
In the American journalist Snow's documentary literary work "The Red Star Shines on China", details of Snow's conversation with Mao Zedong in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region are detailed, and in the interview, Mao Zedong mentions his teacher Shao Piaoping, who said:
"Shao Piaoping has helped me a lot, he is a lecturer at the Journalism Society, a liberal, a person with warm ideals and excellent character."
Pictured| Snow and Mao Zedong
Although Shao Piaoping did not spend a long time with Mao Zedong, but it brought great influence to Mao Zedong, after the victory of the October Revolution, any books related to the armed revolution and Marxism were banned from circulation in the market, and even Li Dazhao only had some "only words" in his hands, so the Marxism and the relevant materials of the October Revolution in Russia that Shao Piaoping handed over to Mao Zedong became Mao Zedong's earliest enlightenment books on Marxism.
Shao Piaoping, a native of Jinhua, Zhejiang, was admitted to Xiucai at the age of 13, and was admitted to the Zhejiang Higher School at the age of 16, which was enough to be called a "prodigy" at that time, and later he was influenced by the democratic revolutionary Zhang Gong and gradually developed a strong interest in the news industry.
After being admitted to Zhejiang Higher School, Shao Piaoping read progressive publications such as "Xinmin Cong Bao" and "New Century" and was deeply inspired and found her own life direction from them.
Shao Piaoping has both the gentle elegance of Chinese literati and the erudition of Western scholars, and Shao Piaoping, who has written eight-strand articles since childhood, was deeply moved after reading Liang Qichao's unbridled and proud articles, and Liang Qichao's sharp rebuttal of current affairs also made Shao Piaoping very admirable, and even imitated Liang Qichao's style when writing.
Most of the ways to save the country discussed in the newspapers at that time were to save the country through industry and science, advocating "mastering the art of mastering the art to control the country" and learning from the advanced science and technology of the West to save China. Under the influence of this kind of thinking, Shao Piaoping put forward the idea of "news to save the country", using the power of public opinion and the masses to restrain the Beiyang government, thereby changing the fate of the motherland.
Since 1912, When Shao Piaoping co-founded the Hanmin Daily, this journalist has been a reporter for 15 years. When she first worked at the Hanmin Daily, Shao Piaoping was not afraid of tigers, and while vigorously propagating the "Three People's Principles" put forward by Dr. Sun Yat-sen, she criticized the brutality of the feudal warlords with sharp words and collected evidence everywhere to expose the ugly deeds of corrupt officials and corrupt officials.
Pictured| Dr. Sun Yat-sen
Shao Piaoping, who did not have the backstage support, was not afraid at all, and in the face of the persecution of the magnates in Hangzhou, he said harshly: "The newspaper can be sealed, and the reporter's pen cannot be sealed." Even if these people use their power to close the newspaper, they will never be able to snatch the pen from Shao Piaoping's hand, as long as he Shao Piaoping is in one day, he will write the truth of the day, and Shao Piaoping is determined to "fight to the death" with the powerful.
After the banning of the Hanmin Daily, Shao Piaoping was also arrested and imprisoned, and after her release, Shao Piaoping went to Japan to study law and politics, and also set up a small news agency in Japan, mainly responsible for contributing to domestic newspapers.
In 1915, Shao Piaoping rode the "anti-Yuan wave" back to China, when many journalists did not dare to talk about politics, Shao Piaoping was still sharp, he used "Aping" as a pen name, in Shanghainese means "asking about unfair things all over the world", he published a number of articles, pointing directly to Yuan Shikai's crimes, and the people's "anti-Yuan" sentiment also increased.
Picture | Yuan Shikai
After Yuan Shikai's death, Shao Piaoping entered the "Declaration" again, he insisted on publishing daily articles, rain or shine, the tip of the pen pointed directly at the Beiyang government, his articles caused great repercussions in the society, and Shao Piaoping's reputation spread farther and farther, from Beijing to all parts of the country.
When working in Beijing, Shao Piaoping found that many large newspapers were in the hands of various warlord forces, and most of the content published by the newspapers was written for the warlord forces they served, which was extremely subjective and often caught the wind and shadows, Shao Piaoping realized that in this situation, no matter which newspaper she worked in, it was more difficult to "tell the truth", so Shao Piaoping came up with the idea of running her own newspaper.
In 1918, Shao Piaoping founded the Beijing Daily, and he wrote the four words "iron shoulders and hot hands" into banners and hung them on the wall of his office, always encouraging himself. The Beijing News, which is not manipulated by warlords and advocates freedom of speech, has set off a huge wave in society, and many progressive young people have joined the "Beijing News" as their ideal.
Pictured| Cai Yuanpei
In the same year, Shao Piaoping wrote a letter to Mr. Cai Yuanpei, president of Peking University, for no other purpose than to write a new plan for Cai Yuanpei, a press lecture, and Shao Piaoping was very supportive of Cai Yuanpei's plan, which could not only cultivate rising stars for the domestic press, but also fill the gap in domestic journalism education.
On October 14, the Peking University Journalism Research Association was officially established, and this small group of "school clubs" turned out to be Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, and gathered a "circle of friends" with shining stars, and Mao Zedong, Gao Junyu, Luo Zhanglong, Tan Pingshan, and other members were revolutionary comrades who had made great contributions to the Communist Party.
Peking University Journalism Research Association was set up in the Peking University Red Chamber Daily Journal, Shao Piaoping did not have much time, only came to the school to give one or two classes a week, a large number of students came to visit, some to learn journalism knowledge, most people are to witness Shao Piaoping's style.
For Shao Piaoping, he not only wants to take this opportunity to fill the gap in domestic journalism education, he is eager to educate a group of rising stars, so that even if he falls, the "reporter's pen" will never fall.
In the course of the class, Shao Piaoping not only talks about theoretical knowledge, but also combines current affairs to mobilize the enthusiasm of students, encourage students to get close to society, and speak for the people.
Later, with the help of Li Dazhao, Mao Zedong listened to Shao Piaoping's lessons for several months and learned a lot from Shao Piaoping. After learning of Mao Zedong's economic difficulties, Shao Piaoping also paid for him to help him tide over the difficulties, and Mao Zedong was very grateful to Shao Piaoping for this, and was also impressed by Shao Piaoping's character of "not afraid of sacrifice, chivalrous and brave".
On the evening of May 3, 1919, the Red House of Peking University with red bricks and red tiles (líng) was brightly lit, and a large number of young people gathered here, and Shao Piaoping, who wore round-frame glasses and was elegant and elegant, took the podium in anticipation of everyone, starting from the failure of Chinese diplomacy at the Paris Peace Conference, he criticized the cowardice and incompetence of the Beiyang government and the ugliness and cruelty of the Western powers...
Figure |" The eve of the May Fourth Movement
Shao Piaoping appealed to all Peking University students that at such a moment of national crisis and survival, they can no longer stand by and watch, I am the mainstay of the torrent of the times, and if we wait any longer, the Chinese nation will have no way to save and only fall, and Peking University students should walk in the forefront of the times and unite students from all schools to fight and seek a way to save the country and survive!
The students in the audience were full of emotion, some people bit their fingers and wrote a banner with blood as ink "Return me to Qingdao", some people took out a chai knife to warn the world with their lives, some people shouted with their arms, and some people were indignant...
Subsequently, the student representatives took the stage to give speeches, and the people present were deeply touched and decided to launch a demonstration after dawn.
Shao Piaoping was touched by the atmosphere of the scene, could not sleep at night, and wrote a commentary with a pen, expressing her expectations and encouragement for the "May Fourth Movement"!
Figure | May Fourth Movement
After dawn, under the organization of Peking University Students, the "May Fourth Movement" that changed the history of the Chinese nation and shocked China and foreign countries broke out, and the person who lit this fire was Mao Zedong's "teacher", a famous journalist of the Republic of China, and a secret party member of the CPC -- Shao Piaoping!
The "May Fourth Movement" broke out vigorously, but Shao Piaoping was shut down because of propaganda and the Launch of the May Fourth Movement, which led to the closure of the Beijing Daily, and the desperate Shao Piaoping once again went to the United States to temporarily take shelter, until the collapse of the Duan Qi (qí) Rui government, Shao Piaoping took the ferry back to China.
As soon as she returned to China, Shao Piaoping once again returned to her journalism post and spared no effort to expose the ugly features of the Beiyang government in losing power and insulting the country, being cowardly and incompetent, and oppressing the people, and exposing the faces of a large number of corrupt officials to the masses.
In 1923, after the "February 7 Massacre", the CCP's power in the north suffered a huge blow and fell into a low tide.
In order to resume work as soon as possible, the party organization recruited a large number of revolutionary intellectuals, including Luo Zhanglong, He Shu and others, a considerable number of whom were once shao piaoping's students.
With the continuous changes in the revolutionary situation, Shao Piaoping, Li Dazhao, Chen Qiaonian, Zhao Shiyan, and other CPC members have become closer and closer.
After the outbreak of the Second Zhifeng War, Feng Yuxiang launched a coup d'état in Beijing and sent a telegram inviting Sun Yat-sen and others to go north, but Shao Piaoping was very concerned about the matter and used the Beijing Daily to help.
Later, Feng Yuxiang launched the Beijing coup, he admired Shao Piaoping's talent very much, hoped to cooperate with him, so he hired Shao Piaoping as his senior adviser, during this period Feng Yuxiang advocated peace, he greatly appreciated Shao Piaoping's character and writing, and provided Shao Piaoping with a lot of help, especially in interpersonal relations.
Pictured| Li Dazhao
In 1925, Shao Piaoping secretly joined the Communist Party of China under the introduction of Li Dazhao and others. At that time, due to Shao Piaoping's special social identity, he had never been made public, he only kept in touch with individual leaders in the party, and his party membership was only known to a few people, including Li Dazhao, and Shao Piaoping's work in the party was mainly in two aspects: one was intelligence, and the other was propaganda!
In order to obtain enough intelligence, Shao Piaoping took several desperate risks, and in 1917, before the Sino-German severance of diplomatic relations was made public, Shao Piaoping had already mastered this information. At the time of the incident, Shao Piaoping was working in the State Council, and next door was Duan Qirui's office. Every time she came to such an important occasion, Shao Piaoping would pay close attention to all the intelligence and information around her, listening to all the directions.
Coming to the State Council, Shao Piaoping just heard the secretary call the US minister, and learned that Duan Qirui was going to the US embassy at three o'clock in the afternoon, and Shao Piaoping immediately realized that there was huge intelligence contained in it.
Picture | Duan Qirui
In order to get more information, Shao Piaoping rushed to the US embassy and asked the person in charge of the US side as an insider about the purpose and content of the meeting; after getting the information she wanted, Shao Piaoping returned to the State Council and used the information she obtained to interview Duan Qirui.
There was also the Sino-French gold franc case, when China could have compensated France with paper money, but inflation occurred in France, and they calculated this loss on China's head, demanding that China replace paper money with gold, which cost China an additional 80 million yuan. The government, believing that the incident would provoke public outrage, banned any journalist from being present.
Shao Piaoping deliberately disguised herself as a foreigner's retinue, successfully blended in, and got the truth of the Jinfalang case, and the next day, all the contents of the Jinfalang case were published in the newspaper, and the people accused the Beiyang authorities of cowardice and incompetence, and the opposition was even higher.
Shao Piaoping, who has good character and a clear bone, is also surrounded by a group of great figures, such as Mr. Lu Xun, and Shao Piaoping and Mr. Lu Xun have a good personal relationship and can be called "comrades-in-arms". The two of them jointly founded the "Beijing News Supplement" and "Mangyuan" and other publications, lu Xun specially published many articles for this purpose, and the Beiyang government mentioned that these two people hated into the bone marrow.
Especially after the "March 18 Massacre", the two men combined their swords to jointly criticize the brutal Beiyang government, and as a result, they were also included in the blacklist of arrests.
Picture | portrait of Lu Xun
In addition to making friends with social celebrities, Shao Piaoping's relationship with the proletarian workers and peasants and poor people is also very good, such as Yang Xiaolou, Ma Lianliang, Xun Huisheng and other opera artists in Liyuanxing are Shao Piaoping's friends, and some poor students also often interact with Shao Piaoping, whenever they encounter difficulties, Shao Piaoping always does her best to help them, and will regularly issue some subsidies to support them financially.
Shao Piaoping's social relations are very wide, so he can always get the news he wants, some bureaucrats and politicians also like to interact with Shao Piaoping, Shao Piaoping is generous, good at talking, emotional intelligence IQ is very high, he often invites some bureaucrats and politicians to drink, whenever the drink is enjoyed, intelligence will naturally come.
As a journalist, Shao Piaoping is objective, he believes that there is no invincible friend, only to see whether the other party is related to the news, this kind of personality of the dating point of view is actually easy to let people go with the flow, lost themselves, but Shao Piaoping has always adhered to the original intention, both to achieve principle and smooth.
As a party member, Shao Piaoping fulfilled her tasks brilliantly, and successively played a role in propagating and transmitting intelligence in patriotic movements such as the May Fourth Movement, the May Thirtieth (sà) Movement, and the March 18 Movement; he adhered to the bottom line, adhered to principles, did his best to help the toiling masses and the rest of the party members and comrades, and used his pen as a gun to make great contributions to the Chinese revolution!
Figure | Shao Piaoping and Beijing Daily
When the May Thirtieth Movement broke out in 1925, Shao Piaoping used her pen as a knife to restore the experience of the May Thirtieth Massacre to the world through the Beijing News. In this movement, Shao Piaoping devoted all her body and mind, shared hardships with the people, advanced and retreated together, and used the pen as a sharp blade to criticize the Beiyang warlords.
Zhang Zuolin specially paid 300,000 yuan to bribe Shao Piaoping, and Shao Piaoping did not waver, returned all the money, continued to fight in the workplace, and exposed the true face of Zhang Zuolin to the point.
In the face of Zhang Zuolin's heavy bribes, Shao Piaoping was not moved, and Zhang Zuolin used money to buy Shao Piaoping's personality and dignity.
Pictured| Zhang Zuolin
This attitude of Shao Piaoping completely angered Zhang Zuolin, who counted Zhang Zuolin's crimes in the newspaper, exposing the truth that Zhang Zuolin and the Japanese Kwantung Army jointly attacked and killed Guo Songling, and the people had a strong anti-Japanese sentiment and broke out an anti-Japanese and anti-Zhang movement, but Zhang Zuolin blamed Shao Piaoping for all this.
In 1926, Zhang Zuolin, Wu Peifu (fú), and Yan Xishan attacked Feng Yuxiang on three sides, Feng Yuxiang led his troops to withdraw from Beijing, Zhang Zuolin entered the city of Beijing with a vanguard force, and he rewarded Shao Piaoping with a high bounty, hoping to put Shao Piaoping to death.
Shao Piaoping, whose life was threatened, was still not afraid, and he published his last article in the Beijing Daily, "Piaoping Notice", and the words were awe-inspiring.
Unfortunately, Shao Piaoping was eventually killed by villains, and the warlord bought off Shao Piaoping's old friend, Zhang Hanju, the director of the Mainland Daily, who deceived Shao Piaoping, causing Shao Piaoping to fall into the hands of the warlord.
Picture | portrait of Shao Piaoping
As soon as the news of Shao Piaoping's arrest came out, all walks of life in Beijing organized rescues, but unfortunately it was too late, and when Zhang Xueliang met with representatives from all sides, he unabashedly explained Zhang Zuolin's determination to kill Shao Piaoping!
On April 26, 1926, Shao Piaoping was secretly escorted to the Tianqiao East Execution Ground, along the way Shao Piaoping's mood was very calm and calm, just like going home, after coming to the execution ground, he bowed his hand to the prison officer and quipped: "You are exempt from sending." ”
After saying that, he looked up to the sky and screamed, calmly and righteously, only 40 years old.
Everyone in the world knows Shao Piaoping's identity as a journalist and a literati, but they do not know his identity as a Communist Party member, and his party membership was only confirmed and made public 60 years after his sacrifice.
Figure | Ma Lianliang
After the sacrifice of Comrade Shao Piaoping, Zhang Zuolin did not allow his family to collect his body, and in the end, Lian Liang, a famous wildebeest in Pear Garden, came forward and personally collected Shao Piaoping's body, and the funeral pergola was set up outside the city, and many people came to mourn (yàn), including celebrities, business tycoons, as well as students and workers, and everyone sent Shao Piaoping on his last journey with a heavy heart.
In the heart of founding leader Mao Zedong, Shao Piaoping was his "real teacher", an excellent Communist Party member, and even more a great journalist!
Figure |" Iron shoulder hot hand "Shao Piaoping."
From the "Hanmin Daily" to the "Declaration" to the independent establishment of the "Beijing Daily", Shao Piaoping has been practicing for more than ten years, biān (needle) (biān) malpractice, with the pen as a gun, even Feng Yuxiang has praised "Piao Ping a pen, against a hundred thousand troops", his pen hides the light of hope, ruthlessly through the dark curtain of the times, every word of his every article, has become a witness of an era.