Tao Yuanming is a well-known figure in history, he created a dream for Chinese - pastoral dream, and his sentence "Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely seeing the South Mountain" has touched the pastoral complex of many people.
He "did not bend his waist for five buckets of rice", sealed the resignation of the official, drunk, willful, and was plastered with the label of Wei and Jin demeanor, and it was strange that later generations called him a "famous hermit", "the originator of pastoral poetry", a writer, a lexicographer, and among many entries, there was no word "mingshi", and more importantly, there was no Tao Yuanming's name in the "World Speaking New Language" that Mr. Lu Xun called "Mingshi Textbook".
That is to say, Tao Yuanming, who represents the wei and Jin dynasty, is excluded from the list of wei and jin celebrities!
Why?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="11" >01 What is Baume & Mercier? </h1>
Wei Jin was an era of rich celebrities, but being a celebrity also needed conditions, not that you love to drink, do things easily out of line, and write a few crooked poems, that is, celebrities.
In order to be a qualified celebrity, at least the following three conditions must be met:
First of all, to have talent, Wang Xie family is two major families with famous scholars. In these two families, there are many people who can be called "celebrities", and everyone is talented and extraordinary.
Xie An, the "Prime Minister of The Wind and The Wind", is a representative figure among celebrities, how talented is he? When Xie An lived in seclusion in Dongshan, there was such a song in the world: "An Shi can't come out, what is Nai Cangsheng?" "An Shi, is Xie An's word, if Xie An does not come out to govern the country, how will the people of the world live?"
Sure enough, as soon as Xie An came out of the mountain, he commanded his nephew Xie Xuan to lead his "Beifu Army" to fight the army of Jian Jian, "grass and trees are soldiers". The key is that Xie An has a grand elegance, mood and anger are not colorful, it is really "Tarzan collapsed in front of the front does not change color", when the news of victory came, Xie An was playing chess with his friends, he took a look at the letters from the front, ignored it, and continued to play chess. The friend couldn't help but ask, and Xie An said slowly, "The children have broken the enemy." "The letter just now did not seem to be a good report from the front, but the lady of the family urging him to go home for dinner.
The representative of the Wang family is naturally Wang Xizhi, who is a "book saint" that has been passed down through the ages, and a collection of literary collections and calligraphy in the "Orchid Pavilion Collection" is both unique. Like the Xie family, although Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi's father and son are all famous in history with calligraphy, their ancestors Wang Dao and Wang Dun also have the material to rule the world, and "Wang and Ma Gong Tianxia" refers to the Wang family and the Sima family of the Jin Emperor sharing the world.
Secondly, celebrities should be uninhibited, alcoholic, mercurial, maverick, and not take the usual path.
It should be said that the famous scholar known for "playing out of line" is not Wang Xizhi, another son of Wang Xizhi. There are many novel stories about Wang Weizhi in "The New Language of the World", and the most popular one is "Snow Night Visit dai".
When Wang Weizhi lived in Shanyin, it was snowing heavily at night, and he woke up in the middle of the night, saw the snow outside the window, and suddenly wanted to see his good friend Dai Kui. Dai Kui was far away in The County, a hundred miles away, and it was said that he could see it when he saw it. Wang Weizhi ignored it, and he ordered his servants to drive a small boat and brave the heavy snow of goose feathers to come to Dai Kui's doorstep. The servant just wanted to knock on the door, but Wang Weizhi said softly, "Let's go, go back." The servant was puzzled, and Wang Weizhi said, "I came with pleasure and returned with all my pleasure, so why should I see Dai?" ”
Lo and behold, Wei Jin celebrities are so willful and willful, which is also the most significant feature of Wei and Jin celebrities, and the other is alcoholism.
Nguyen was an alcoholic and could get drunk for sixty days. Liu Ling drank, had people push the cart, followed him with a shovel, and if he was drunk, he was pulled to a place where no one was there, and buried in the pit. Ruan's nephew Nguyen Ham actually lay down with the pig to drink a pot of wine together.
The crazy personality of Mingshi made Wei Jin an era of no one before and after the ancients.
The third and most important point is that celebrities should be able to talk clearly, whether friends or political enemies, as long as they sit down to talk, they will become friends.
The famous masters of Qing Tan included He Yan, Xiahou Xuan, Wang Bi and others at the end of the Han Dynasty, mainly advocating metaphysics, these three people were the originators of Qing Tan, and later the beautiful men Wei Jie, Xie An, Yin Hao, and the famous "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest" were all masters of Qing Tan.
During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, no matter how talented and powerful you are, you will not be able to talk clearly, nor can you become a celebrity, and Sima Huanwen, a generation of tyrants, just because you can't talk clearly, you will always be excluded from the circle of celebrities.
Therefore, whether Tao Yuanming is a celebrity or not, it is enough to see if he meets the standards of a celebrity.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="48" >02 Tao Yuanming</h1>
Tao Yuanming is also considered to be from a famous family, his great-grandfather or the famous General Tao Kan of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, at least the two are very closely related, and his maternal grandfather is the famous scholar Meng Jia, (it is said that Meng Jia is also Tao Kan's son-in-law, so to speak, tao Yuanming and Tao Kan, Meng Jia's relationship is really unclear). Only by the time Of Tao Yuanming, both the Tao family and the Meng family had fallen into the middle of the family road, and Tao Yuanming's father had died early, leaving only him and a sister who was born out.
Tao Yuanming's life is very difficult, but the fame of the Tao family is still there, and Tao Yuanming himself has talent, so others recommended him to do the Pengze County Order, and Tao Yuanming, who originally did not like to be an official, was forced by life and had to accept it.
As soon as Tao Yuanming took office, his superiors just came to inspect, and the county officials said that according to the rules, Tao Yuanming would put on the official palace and respectfully go to receive him. Tao Yuanming was angry when he heard it, they were all people, why should I whisper, so he left a famous saying for eternity, "Don't bend your waist for five buckets of rice", and then sealed the official seal and resigned from the official position on your own.
Tao Yuanming's behavior can also be regarded as willful, and he has a fight with those celebrities who are known for their "madness".
He returned home, without Him, and his life returned to poverty, and his wife told him that his son was starving to death. Tan Daoji, the founding father of the Liu Song Dynasty, lobbied him: "The sages are alive, and if there is no way in the world, there is no way to hide, and there is a way to be a man." In this world of civilization, why should we suffer like this? This means that if today is a civilized world, why don't you come out to be an official and suffer in this poor and remote area?
Before Tao Yuanming made the Pengze County Order, he also served as an aide in the army of Huan Xuan and others, but he just did not want to be an official, it was his nature, as evidenced by poetry: "There is no suitable rhyme, and sex loves Qiushan." "Since I was a child, I have not adapted to the worldly life of human sophistication, and my nature is to like the unrestrained nature of the idyllic hills." Mistakenly fell into the dust net, gone for thirty years. Birds love the old forest, pond fish think of the past. Open up the wilderness in the south, and return to the garden. "I have been misguided in the world for thirty years, and most of my good life has been delayed, but this time I must return to my hometown and plant my land well."
Tao Yuanming refused Tan Daoji's kindness: I am not a sage, but I am not born to be an official, and I would rather guard my thatched hut and two acres of land under this southern mountain, pick chrysanthemums, and drink a few glasses of turbid wine with the villagers, and I am very satisfied. That's the life I want.
At that time, many celebrities lived in seclusion in order to take the "shortcut to the end of the south", in order to establish their own "sage" personality, waiting for the "sage" to look after maolu for three years, to achieve their own purpose of seeking officials and obtaining fame and fortune. And Tao Yuanming really didn't want to be an official, and even he didn't want to be a "hermit" in the eyes of others, he just wanted to be a farmer, cultivate the land, and then use the grain he received to make wine.
In this regard alone, Tao Yuanming is very different from the celebrities at that time, and we said earlier that Tao Yuanming also had a wayward time, but his willfulness is also really out of his heart, and it is not like the "performance art" deliberately made by some celebrities.
He was an alcoholic, but he didn't have to be drunk for two months like Ruan, nor did he have to be drunk like Liu Ling; he was loose, and he also did some incredible things, such as playing the "stringless piano", such as drinking with his friends, sleeping first when he was drunk, and letting his friends drink enough to leave on their own.
But what he did was not "out of line", he was not like Ruan Bi walking and walking without a way, he sat down and cried, he was not like Liu Ling "running naked" at home, he wanted to be free, but he did not have too much of a lethal behavior.
There are two important reasons why Tao Yuanming was brushed off the "List of Famous Scholars" by Liu Yiqing in "Speaking New Languages in the World": one is that there are no celebrities among his friends, and the people who drink with him are his neighbors, farmers who cultivate the land; second, and most importantly, Tao Yuanming never participates in the gatherings of celebrities - Qing Tan.
Talk is an important criterion for testing celebrities, but Tao Yuanming never participates, he is talented, but he is only used to write a few articles, make a few small poems, used to express his feelings, pin his ideals, rather than arguing with others that exhaust brain cells.
To sum up, Tao Yuanming is really not a celebrity, he is just a person who has lived the life he wants, and at the same time, he has also created a desired life for countless Chinese later - Taohuayuan.
Author: Our special guest author Shui Yun Chu Jing