The early Tang Dynasty poet Zhang Ruoxuan, the information left in history is very limited, even the year of birth and death is not very clear, we only know that he was a Yangzhou native, once served as a soldier in Yanzhou, and served as an official in Shandong.
In the early years of Emperor Xuanzong's reign, Zhang Ruoxuan, along with several literati from Jiangnan, He Zhizhang, Zhang Xu, and Bao Rong, became famous in the capital and the Lingdong Jingshi, and people called them the "Four Soldiers of Wuzhong".
As a poet, Zhang Ruoxuan has only two poems handed down. One of them, "Answering to the Dream", has a relatively general artistic level; while the other is "Spring River Flower Moon Night", Zhang Ruoxuan is famous for this poem.
The title of the poem "Spring River Flower Moon Night" is the 5 images of the poem, and the central image is the bright moon.
This "Spring River Flower Moon Night" has a total of 36 sentences, which can be cut into 9 sentences, and the whole poem is also four sentences and one rhyme.
The tide of the Spring River is connected to the sea level, and the bright moon on the sea is born together.
The waves are thousands of miles, and where the spring river is without the moon.
Looking into the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, on the vast sea, the bright moon seems to rise slowly with the tide. The moonlight flashes on the surface of the water, and it ripples with the waves for thousands of miles, so this bright moonlight can be seen everywhere in the Spring River. In these 4 sentences, there are four images of spring, river, moon and night.
The river flows around Fangdian, and the moonlit flowers are like thunderbolts.
The frost in the air did not feel flying, and the white sand on the ting could not be seen.
The river bends and winds around the flower-covered countryside, and the flower-filled woods under the moonlight seem to sprinkle snowdrops. The moonlight is like frost flowing in the air, unconsciously flying away, and the white sand on the water beach and the moonlight are fused together, making it difficult to distinguish. (Spring doesn't frost, so it's said to "flow" without feeling "flying"; the next sentence, which is indistinguishable from white sand and moonlight, describes moonlight as clean.) ）
These sentences appear in the image of flowers, and the 5 elements of the spring river flower moon night are all gathered at the beginning of the whole poem.
Jiang Tian was free of fibrous dust, and the lonely moon wheel was in the sky.
Who first saw the moon on the riverbank? When did Jiang Yue shine at the beginning of the year?
With the passage of time, from the beginning of the next month at the beginning of the poem to the middle of the moon, the river and the sky are integrated, and there is no small dust in sight, and in this empty picture of natural nature, only a round of bright moon hangs.
In the face of this round of bright moon, the poet involuntarily asked: When did the world begin? Who first saw this bright moon in the sky?
Life is infinite from generation to generation, and Jiang Yue looks similar every year. (Hope similar Ichijo: only similar)
I don't know who Jiang Yue treats, but I see the Yangtze River sending water.
Extinction, continuation, extinction, continuation, in the midst of change developed the history of mankind, and the bright moon in the sky seems to be eternal. Therefore, I wonder who the person Jiang Yue insists on treating is? Only to see the river flowing east day after day.
The poem arrives here, mainly about the moon in the air.
The white clouds went to a leisurely place, and qingfeng pu was overwhelmed with sorrow.
Whose house flat boat tonight, where acacia Mingyue Building.
The poet's pen turned sharply, and through a white cloud on the edge of the moon, he led his thoughts from the moon to people. The wanderer left leisurely like a white cloud, leaving only Si Nu in Qingfengpu to be overwhelmed with sorrow. Whose wanderer is drifting in a boat tonight? Where is the bright moon upstairs where acacia is constantly missing? (Qingfengpu: place name, refers to the location of Si Woman; Mingyue Lou: Si Woman's residence, Cao Zhi's "Seven Lamentations": "The bright moon shines on the tall building, and the streamer is wandering.") There are sorrowful women on it, and there is still sorrow in lamentation. By asking the sigher who, the word is the wife of the son. ”）
Poor upstairs moon wandering, should be illuminated away from the people makeup mirror table. (Wandering Ichisaku: Pei Hui)
The jade curtain could not be rolled up, and the anvil was whisked back.
The bright moon in the sky is beautiful and charming, and at the same time it can stir people's feelings, and the wanderers who are far away in the sky and the si women who are alone in the empty house see this round of moonlight, think of the dear people in the distance, but give birth to a lot of sorrow. The moonlight lingered upstairs and should shine on Si Woman's dresser. The moonlight shone into Si Woman's curtain and could not be swept away, and the light on her anvil could not be removed.
"Pounding clothes anvil" is a common image in classical poetry, because the silk and linen clothes worn by the ancients were pounded in the winter, and the upper body could only be lifted after pounding, so the image of "pounding clothes anvil" usually represents the wife's love and concern for her husband (woman's sweetheart) in poetry. For example, Li Bai's "Midnight Wu Song": "Chang'an is a moon, and ten thousand households are pounding clothes." Du Fu's "Eight Songs of Autumn Xing" (part 1) "The cold clothes are everywhere to urge the knife ruler, and the White Emperor City is high and urgent." ”
At this time, they do not hear each other, and they are willing to shine month by month.
The long flying of the wild geese is not enough, and the ichthyosaurs dive into the water.
Looking at each other at the moon but not hearing from each other, if only I could follow the moonlight to shine on you. The geese who are good at flying cannot fly out of this sad moonlight, and the fish and dragons who are good at jumping in the water can only stir up a ripple. (The last two sentences borrow the limitations of the wild goose and the fish dragon to say that man's desire is nothing more than a fantasy.) ）
In today's fast communication, men and women in different places can easily receive each other's messages, and it is difficult to have the romance of poetry: I am willing to turn into a piece of moonlight and gently walk into your dreamland.
Last night's idle pond dream fell flowers, poor spring half did not return home.
The river flows in the spring, and the river pool falls and the moon slopes to the west.
Last night, I dreamed that the flowers were idle, the spring was coming to an end, the time flew by, and I could not go home. The river water with spring light is about to flow out, the moon on the river pool is about to set in the west, is the sky already almost bright?
(There is a saying that the above "may the moon flow according to the king" is the woman's imagination, and these four sentences return to the wanderer's thoughts.) ）
The oblique moon sinks into the sea fog, and the jieshi Xiaoxiang infinite road.
I don't know how many people returned by the moon, and the falling moon shook the river tree.
The oblique moon slowly sinks into the sea fog, and the distance between Jieshi and Xiaoxiang is infinitely distant. I hope that the wanderer who is far away can take advantage of the moonlight to go home, and the sunset moon sways among the river trees, and the river trees sway (symbolizing the swaying of the feelings of people).
Jieshi refers to a place name in the north, where the wanderer is located; and Xiaoxiang, is a place name in the south, where Si Woman is located.
The whole poem rises with the moon and ends with the moon.
"Spring River Flower Moon Night" is the old title of Lefu, belongs to the "Qing Shang Qu ci Wu Sheng song", according to legend, created by Chen Hou Lord, the Sui Emperor also has the same title poem. Although the theme of this poem is the traditional theme of wandering children and women, it has been freed from the barriers of palace poetry and contains philosophical reflections on the universe and life.
In the grand nature, there is love worth cherishing, there is the value of everyone's existence, there is the passage of time, and there is the eternity of the universe.
In the poetry circle of the early Tang Dynasty at that time, from the rulers to the mainstream literati, what everyone sought after and was keen on creating was still imitating the degenerate and withered palace poetry of the Southern Dynasty. And Wen Yiduo commented on Zhang Ruoxuan's "Spring River Flower Moon Night" to wash away the sins of the four dynasties of palace poetry of Liang, Chen, Sui and Tang, and atone for the sins of the palace poetry for a hundred years. And he also inadvertently cooperated with Chen Ziang to clear the way of Sheng Tang poetry.
Therefore, Wen Yiduo did not hesitate to praise this poem: "In the face of this kind of poetry, all praise is rap, almost blasphemous. "It's poetry within a poem, the pinnacle on top."
There is a very interesting word called "writings and so on", which says that some people are keen to create, there are many works, and the height of the stack is equal to the height of the author. Then according to Zhang Ruoxuan's practice of this creation, it seems that it does not have to be so.
It is enough to write a poem carefully and pass it on through the ages.
Key References:
Yu Xianhao et al. editors-in-chief of Selected Works of Ancient Chinese Literature
Wen Yiduo's "Miscellaneous Treatises on Tang Poems"
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