"Spring River Flower Moon Night" has always been known as "a single piece suppressing the whole Tang", but in fact, this is just a misunderstanding.
This poem itself has a pioneering breakthrough in the history of poetry development, and has been praised by many people, and coincidentally, Wang Minyun's evaluation of it is "lonely", and Wen Yiduo's evaluation of it is "poetry in poetry, the peak on the peak", Wang Wen and both are big cattle in the literary world, these two evaluations are superimposed, coupled with the charm of this poem itself, everyone mistakenly thinks that this poem is the peak of Tang poetry. This is not the case.
1. Smell a lot of comments: "Poetry in poetry, the peak on the peak"
Wen Yiduo did praise Zhang Ruoxuan's "Spring River Flower Moon Night" in the article "The Self-Redemption of Palace Poetry", but this has a context. In the article "The Self-Redemption of Palace Body Poetry", Wen Yiduo first bitterly criticized the erosion and debauchery of Qi Liang's to early Tang Palace poetry, believing that it was the "darkness" of literature and the "stain" of poetry history, and the four masters of the early Tang Dynasty successively changed the atmosphere of Qi Liang, to Liu Xiyi and his face was new, to Zhang Ruoxuan, it was even more earth-shattering:
"If Liu Xiyi is a quiet and refreshing dusk after the storm of Lu and Luo, Zhang Ruoxu is a quieter and more cheerful moon night after the wind and rain." Then there's the well-known assessment that most people are—"This is the poem within the poem, the peak on the top." "
However, Wen Yiduo also wrote later: "As for the darkest sin left behind by the courts of the four dynasties of Liang, Chen, Sui and Tang in those hundred years, with such a palace poem as "Spring River Flower Moon Night", wouldn't it also be washed away?" Xiang Xiang atonened for the sins of a hundred years for Gong Ti Shi, so Xiang Hou also cooperated with another peak, Chen Ziang, to clear the road of Sheng Tang..."
It can be seen that what Wen Yi praised was the first to bear the brunt of the outstanding contribution made by "Spring River Flower Moon Night" to the development of palace poetry. "Spring River Flower Moon Night" such a perfectly unified poem was born, sweeping away the sins of palace poetry and steadily creating a new situation in palace poetry. Wen Yiduo also directly classified "Spring River Flower Moon Night" as a palace poetry in the article, so what he said about "poetry in poetry, the peak on the peak" is not Tang poetry or even the entire history of poetry, but about palace poetry, referring to the "Spring River Flower Moon Night" can be called the highest peak of palace poetry.
2, Wang Minyun commented: "The lonely article is absolutely for everyone"
And Wang Minyun's evaluation also has a corresponding context, "lonely, but for everyone" is just one of the words that is very easy to cause misunderstanding when used alone. This comment comes from "On the Origin of Tang Poetry (Answer to Chen Guanfu's Question)":
"Zhang Ruoxuan's "Spring River Flower Moon Night" uses the style of "Xizhou", a lonely article, and it is for everyone. Li He and Shang Yin, with their freshness; Song Ci and Yuan poems, as far as their tributaries, the giant Lan of the palace body. "
Here are a few keywords: "the giant lan of the palace body", it can be seen that Wang Minyun's evaluation of the same smell is a perspective, all according to the palace body poetry, not that it is "lonely" the whole Tang, and what we are saying now "The lonely part of "Spring River Flower Moon Night" overwhelms the whole Tang", I think it is mostly a mistake to take the meaning out of context, and this kind of thing in literature can be described as a lot, and it needs to be carefully distinguished. After all, if "Spring River Flower Moon Night" "a single chapter overwhelms the whole Tang", then where should Li Bai Dufu and others be placed?
But to put it bluntly, "Spring River Flower Moon Night" can be misunderstood as "a single piece suppressing the whole Tang", it is not unfounded, mainly because this poem is indeed well written, and Zhang Ruoxuan can therefore shine with this poem.
The tide of the Spring River is connected to the sea level, and the bright moon on the sea is born together. With the waves of thousands of miles, where the spring river has no moon!
The river flows around Fangdian, and the moonlit flowers are like thunderbolts. The frost in the air did not feel flying, and the white sand on the ting could not be seen.
Jiang Tian was free of fibrous dust, and the lonely moon wheel was in the sky. Who first saw the moon on the riverbank? When did Jiang Yue shine at the beginning of the year?
Life is infinite from generation to generation, and Jiang Yue is only similar every year. I don't know who Jiang Yue treats, but I see the Yangtze River sending water.
The white clouds went to a leisurely place, and qingfeng pu was overwhelmed with sorrow. Who's flat boat tonight? Where is Acacia Mingyue Building?
Poor upstairs moon wandering, should be illuminated away from the people makeup mirror table. The jade curtain could not be rolled up, and the anvil was whisked back.
At this time, they do not hear each other, and they are willing to shine month by month. The long flying of the wild geese is not enough, and the ichthyosaurs dive into the water.
Last night's idle pond dream fell flowers, poor spring half did not return home. The river flows in the spring, and the river pool falls and the moon slopes to the west.
The oblique moon sinks into the sea fog, and the jieshi Xiaoxiang infinite road. I don't know how many people returned by the moon, and the falling moon shook the river tree.
Zhang Ruoxuan, the author of "Spring River Flower Moon Night", is one of the "Four Soldiers of Wuzhong", and the other three are He Zhizhang, Zhang Xu and Bao Rong. Zhang Ruoxuan's surviving poems are only two, one is "Dai Answering The Dream of a Girl", which is not well known; the other is the prestigious "Spring River Flower Moon Night".
The Ming Dynasty said in the "Shi Xue": "Zhang Ruoxuan's "Spring River Flower Moon Night" is smooth and graceful, out of Liu Xiyi's "BaiTou Weng", believing that it represents the height of the early Tang Dynasty poetry. It is believed that this poem "goes shallowly, and it is born in a way that makes people sad, and it is inevitable that it will be sentient, and it will not be able to read it, and it will not be tired of reading it." Youyun: The five words of "Spring River Flower Moon Night" are refined into a strange light, which cannot be combined, and is really a chemical hand. In the "Selection of Tang Poems" in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, it is said: "The sentences are renovated, a thousand strands are stranded, in order to move the hearts and minds of ancient and modern people, and the spirit and foolishness are common sense." Its natural solitude is accumulated in the hand, and it is like a chapter, so that the shallow people's speech pattern, speech singing, and words are locked, and there is always no next mouth. "
Why did "Spring River Flower Moon Night" get so much favor from many Ming and Qing people? The author believes that the main points are as follows:
1. The pattern is large: from the parochial pathology of palace poetry to the deeper and broader experience and thinking of cosmic life
Qi Liang Palace body poetry is a erotic love poem centered on court life, although there are also beautiful and recitable sentences, but most of them do not get rid of the obscene style, which is really a kind of sick appreciation. Through the efforts of Lu Zhaolin and Liu Xiyi and others, to Zhang Ruoxuan's "Spring River Flower Moon Night", this erotic wind was weakened and replaced by concern for life and attention to fate.
First of all, whether it is a human metabolism or a parting thought, in addition to the eternal meaning of these emotions themselves in poetry, these emotions written by the poet are not settled on the individual, but the whole world, reflecting the author's concern for this universal emotion of human beings. "Where is the Spring River without moonlight!" "Who on the banks of the river first saw the moon?" When did Jiang Yue shine at the beginning of the year? "I don't know who Jiang Yue is waiting for" "Whose house is flattening the boat tonight?" Where is Acacia Mingyue Building? "I don't know how many people will return by the moon", "where", "who", "what year", "how many people return" here, all of which are not specifically referred to the scene of one place, but all refer to the parting of the world or the short and natural and eternal sigh of life. And the poet's attitude is always positive, although lamenting the changes in personnel affairs, but not plunging into and out, but tactfully inheriting with affection, and finally leaving a scene full of imagination space "moon falling river tree", making people think of the "return" of the previous sentence, and the expectation of reunion is naturally dropped in their hearts.
Secondly, the most praised thing in the poem is "Who on the banks of the river first saw the moon?" When did Jiang Yue shine at the beginning of the year? Life is infinite from generation to generation, and Jiang Yue is only similar every year. I don't know who Jiang Yue treats, but I see the Yangtze River sending water. These six sentences. The poet cherishes the moon and associates the beautiful and ethereal moonlight with the impermanence of life, which is the same as the later "people don't know where to go, peach blossoms still smile in the spring breeze". This kind of thinking inherits the great spirit of exploration of the Warring States literary scholar Qu Yuan's "Heavenly Questions" and gives people endless philosophical inspiration.
"Spring River Flower Moon Night" has completely created the character of the palace poetry, and its broad mind and positive attitude and the deepest and broadest experience of life in the universe are destined to make this poem shine in the history of literature.
Therefore, Wen Yiduo also said: "In the face of this kind of poetry, all praise is rap, almost blasphemous. "Looking back from this side, even Liu Xiyi is a process, needless to say that Lu Zhaolin and his supporting role Luo Binwang are even more of a process."
2. Artistic conception: a high degree of unity of emotion, scenery, intention and reason
The first eight sentences of this poem depict a wonderful and ethereal picture with several objects such as "Spring River", "Bright Moon" and "Spring Tide". "Where the Spring River has no moon", turning small into large, turning personal feelings into public feelings, using the classic image of the bright moon to connect ancient and modern China and foreign countries, through time and space, and writing out the eternal aesthetic feelings given by the spring river and bright moon.
Then the poet shifted his gaze from the far side of the Spring River to the near distance, writing about the "flower forest" and "white sand", constructing a dreamlike realm. The next "Jiang Tian is colorless and dustless" undertakes the above Jiang Tian scene, and the "Lonely Moon Wheel in the Sky" opens the description of "Jiang Yue" below, which triggers the poet's thinking about life: "Who on the river bank first saw the moon?" When did Jiang Yue shine at the beginning of the year? Life is infinite from generation to generation, and Jiang Yue is only similar every year. I don't know who Jiang Yue treats, but I see the Yangtze River sending water. "In one breath, one pulse runs through, and it is refreshing to read, and it is very happy.
Immediately after, his eyes turned to the white clouds at the end of the water, and under the white clouds, whose wife was pregnant? This boundless melancholy made people feel sad, like the wandering moonlight, "The jade curtain can't be rolled up, and the anvil is blown back." "The threads are winding and touching. Seemingly unreasonable and reasonable, seemingly ruthless and sentient, ruthless is the bright moon, sentient is the human heart, here the words are exhausted and the meaning is endless, showing the deep thoughts of Si Woman for the wanderer.
It is necessary to be sad to miss the extreme, but are the thoughts of the woman negative? No. "At this time, we don't hear each other, and we are willing to shine on the king month by month." Her expectations are so sincere, her wishes are so innocent and moving, and here she mourns but does not hurt, which can show the character of this poem.
The last eight sentences write about the wanderer's lovesickness, remembering the flowers that fell in last night's dream, here is a fiction, using the beauty of the dream to hint at the reunion of the ending. He also looked forward to returning home by the moon, and such thoughts were endless, condensed into a sentence, that is, "the falling moon shakes the river tree.".
In this poem, "love" has the love, homesickness, and poet's feelings of understanding the beauty of nature; "scenery" means that "spring", "river", "flower", "moon", and "night" do not fall word for word, the word is the scenery, and unity is the realm; "meaning" has the understanding of the interpersonal substitution of life; "reason" has the philosophy that things are not human beings and rivers are eternal. Emotion, scenery, meaning, and reason are highly unified in this poem.
3. Solid and beautiful language style and structural arrangement throughout
In addition to the most important evaluation angles of the first two points, the language of "Spring River Flower Moon Night" is also worth mentioning, the poet does not use any new words or obscure allusions, they are plain and straightforward but elegant and affectionate words, but together they are deeply white.
In terms of chapter law, the poem has a total of thirty-six sentences, divided into nine groups, four sentences in a group, and three sentences in one group, with flat and uneven syllables. The poet also uses duals and thimbles, which make the poem more coherent, looping and looping, and has a great sense of rhythm.
This poem also wins with the transformation of time and space and the gentleness of sentiments, and the structure is also a vein through, one link and one link, from the scenery of the spring river flowers and moonlit nights to write the philosophy of life, and then naturally turn to the lovesickness of the sub-woman in the moonlight, the ending has a profound rhyme, giving full play to the magic of Chinese poetry "words have exhaustion and infinite meaning", which is really the peak of Tang poetry at the beginning.
The development of poetry is advancing step by step, in fact, no poem can really "suppress the whole Tang dynasty in a single piece", and the style and bone of Tang poetry is a holistic evaluation, not obtained by a certain poem. However, although "Spring River Flower Moon Night" cannot be said to be "a single piece pressing the whole Tang", we can think that it is precisely with the emergence of "Spring River Flower Moon Night" that the literary atmosphere of the Sheng Tang Dynasty in our hearts will come so smoothly. "Spring River Flower Moon Night" opened up a new path for the Sheng Tang Dynasty, and is destined to contribute to the history of the development of Chinese poetry. (Yixiang Literary Author: Liu Xuanyan)