Inscription: Dreams are the fulfillment of wishes of Freud
The taoist founder Lao Tzu's philosophy of quiet and inaction gave him a clearer and calmer understanding of the world, but Zhuangzi, the successor of Lao Tzu, was looking at the world with a cold eye for more anxiety and sadness. Compared with Lao Tzu's detachment, Zhuangzi is more pessimistic about life, and this pessimism is concentrated in his survival anxiety.
Zhuangzi said that life is originally a tragedy, the world is a cage, life is a dust net, people are trapped in it, there is no freedom and no happiness, just helpless struggle;
Zhuangzi said that everyone lives within the range of the sharpshooter Houyi, and it is purely accidental that you were not shot today, and perhaps the next unlucky person is you, and the world is destined to have nowhere to escape;
Zhuangzi said that people are born without freedom, and are materialized in the material world and alienated in the civilized world. Man belongs to nature, but in civilization man has lost the attributes of nature and is only inescapably alive;
Zhuangzi said, "Once you take its form, you will not die!" With the object of the blade, its march is like a gallop, and mo can stop, not also sad! "When people are born to be wrapped up and bumped in the material world, when wolves suddenly panic and panic, and when they do not calm down, this is the sadness of life." Zhuangzi discusses the tragedy of man from the perspective of life and destiny, which is the first aspect of Zhuangzi's survival anxiety.
There are many things that humans can control, except for time and life. Zhuangzi said, "The birth of things is also sudden, motionless and unchanging, never moving", "Between the heavens and the earth of life, if the white colt passes through the gap, suddenly", the lament that time is not resigned and cannot be recovered is the second aspect of Zhuangzi's survival anxiety.
At the same time, Zhuangzi saw that the civilized world is full of conspiracies and calculations and massacres, it is too difficult for people to live, ugly-looking trees save their lives because they have no wood, and big geese that cannot bark are killed because they have no material, so in this world, does life choose to be useful or useless? The transparent Zhuangzi is actually difficult to answer, and he has to choose "between material and material" in pain, as an escapist and a wanderer.
Zhuangzi saw the dilemma of life, the helplessness of fate and the irreversibility of time, and he began to think about how to eliminate this tragic survival, hoping to find a path of liberation for himself, for those who died for the sake of profit without knowing it, this road is the "getaway" without self-help.
When the pain of reality cannot be relieved, the best thing to do is to dream. Zhuangzi had many dreams, and he dreamed of the freedom of the dead to talk to him about death; he dreamed of the sacred tree and the useless wonders of him; he also dreamed of butterflies becoming one with him. In these dreams, "Zhuang Zhou Mengdi" became the most beautiful dream in Chinese's heart, and since then, people often use life as a dream to express the disillusionment of life, in fact, is Zhuang Zhou Mengdi really a sad allegory?
"In the past, Zhuang Zhou dreamed of butterflies, and butterflies came to life also. Self-metaphorical and chivalrous! I don't know zhou also. If you are aware, then you will be aware of it. I don't know if Zhou's dream is a butterfly with? Butterfly Dreams for Weeks and? Zhou and butterflies must be separated. This is called materialization. ”
Dreams are the fulfillment of wishes, and Zhuang Zhou dreams of the freedom of the soul. So the question is, why did he dream of butterflies?
We can see from Zhuangzi's hazy text that the butterfly is first and foremost a symbol of beauty, its colorful lightness and beauty, dancing in the grass in the fragrant garden of the four seasons under the breeze and the sun. Everyone has a heavy body, but everyone longs to have a light poetic soul, and so does Zhuangzi. The butterfly's flight has no purpose, it is not attached to the beauty of a flower, nor is it attached to the fragrance of a grass, it is free to do as it pleases. It is a kind of free beauty, and this beauty is similar to the state of leisure that Zhuangzi longed for.
What Zhuangzi saw was the harmony between butterflies and nature. In the eyes of the Taoists, nature has no utilitarianism, no hypocrisy, no human evil, no restraint of etiquette, no thief who steals the country, and no villain plot. If life is like a butterfly, it can be self-sufficient and self-sufficient. How similar is this to Zhuangzi's realm of leisure?
A thousand years later, the Tang Dynasty poet Wang Wei elaborated on Zhuangzi's dream in a rounded Zen language: "The hibiscus flower at the end of the wood, the red calyx in the mountains." The streams were silent and deserted, and they opened and fell. "Life should be like a hibiscus flower in the valley, self-satisfied with quiet and self-satisfied, this is the great realm of leisure."
Most importantly, Zhuangzi said in this butterfly dream that he did not know whether he was a butterfly or Zhuang Zhou, and the butterfly seemed to have forgotten who he was, and at this moment Zhuangzi and the butterfly became one, melting into the sky high and cloudless nature. In this dream, Zhuangzi forgets the existence of the self, and forgetting the self is precisely a key way to the realm of leisure. Zhuangzi called this state "I lost myself", "no self", and only "no self", only by eliminating the opposition between the object and the self and the opposition between "I" and "I", can it be possible to achieve the getaway. This is the essence of Zhuangzi's theory of qi and matter.
Zhuangzi is Zhuangzi, butterflies are butterflies, and there is no commonality between the two. But Zhuangzi said, "Look at it in terms of Taoism," and the butterfly is Zhuangzi, and Zhuangzi is the butterfly. This "Tao", on the one hand, is the "Tao" of Lao Tzu's "Dao Fa Nature", and on the other hand, it also comes from the philosophical originality of Zhuangzi's "Theory of QiWu". Zhuangzi believed that if you look at the world with the thought of the Tao, there is no difference in everything, as is the case with the mountains and rivers of heaven and earth, and the success or failure of life, the poor and the rich, and even life and death are the same. So in fact, butterflies are really no different from Zhuangzi Dao.
How can we achieve a free time in life? In the dreams of Zhuang Zhou and butterflies, the answer can be found.
First, Zhuang Zhou realized spiritual freedom in his dreams, which shows that the realm of the getaway is not in the body but in the mind, not in reality but in the spirit. Because he is born with many restrictions, he needs to eat, dress and live, he is waiting, only to do nothing, give up all clinging ideas, in order to achieve leisure. The body is never free, but the spirit can, so freedom is not in the mind.
Second, to get away with it is to eliminate the opposition between me and me, you have to give up the attachment you expect, you have to give up desire, which in Zhuangzi's view is called unsentiment and unmoving.
Third, forget the existence of the self - let the riches and honors go with the wind, and man must fly freely like a butterfly when he lives, enjoy life and enjoy the spring light.
Zhuang Zhou Mengdi began the literary narrative tradition of life as a dream. Su Dongpo said that "the world is a big dream, and life is cool in autumn"; Zhu Dunru said that "the world is as short as a spring dream, and the human feelings are as thin as autumn clouds", saying that he has exhausted the desolation and illusion of life, and said that life is like a dream of sadness. But in Zhuangzi's view, life is like a dream but full of beauty, because in the dream he is a butterfly flying with the wind, an untied boat that floats casually, is this not a symbol of escaping from the cage of reality and yearning to enter the realm of escape?
Life is like a dream, for Zhuangzi, there is no sadness, only joy.